when和while的用法

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when和while的用法

when, while这两个词都有"当……时候"之意,但用法有所不同,使用时要特别注意。

①when意为"在……时刻或时期",它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段",所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。如:

When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时,他正在吃饭。When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。

②while只指"时间段",不指"时间点",从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如:

While I slept, Miao Kiukun broke in.在我睡觉时,MIAO闯了进来。辨析

①when从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换。如:

When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后,总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after)

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。(when=before)

②when从句动词为终止性动词时,不能由while替换。如:

When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时,我们正在打篮球。

③当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时,when, while才有可能互相替代。如:

While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了。

④当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有"正当这时"的含义。如:

He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿,他就来了。

⑤从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用while。如:

We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。

⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。

Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高,然而他弟弟很矮。

Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上,这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。

注意:1、 while 和 when 都可以引导时间状语从句,但应注意: while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词;而 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时, while 和 when 可以互相替换。例如:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

(我们正在谈话时,老师进来了。)

The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stop.

(当我们到达车站时,公共汽车已经开走了。)

( arrive 是非延续性动词,因此,此句中的 when 不能用 while 替换。)

When / While we were having a meeting, our teacher came in.

(我们正在开会时,老师走了进来。)

( have 是延续性动词,因此,句中的 when 可以用 while 替换。)

2、while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”。例如:

While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.

(老师讲课时,学生们在听。)

While he was writing, I was reading.

(他写字时,我在看书。)

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