新人教版英语八年级下册unit8重点讲解及练习题

语法聚焦：现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)

1) 现在完成时的定义：

（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。

I have lived here for ten years.

我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）

I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）

2) 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：

助动词have/has + 过去分词

①I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②I have not finished my homework. （否定句）

③—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）现在完成时的标志：

①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan?

I have just finished my homework.

②for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。

They have known each other for five years.

Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

do __________ — ____________ go__________ — ___________ read ______ — ______ see _________ —______know____________ — _____________ eat _______ — _________ forget _________ —_________write________-______

一、根据句意或汉语提示写词。

1. We often see people take out ______ and shoot others in action movies.

2. Li Ming went to Paris three years ago, now he can speak _________ very well.

3. I think dictionaries and Internet are good _______(工具) for us to study English.

4. Look, Tim is walking t_______ the library. He wants to borrow some books.

5. —Would you like something e_____ to eat? —No, thanks. I’m full.

【课后巩固】

一、用括号内所给单词适当形式填空(每题4分,共20分)

1. Judy has already _______ (finish) reading Little Women.

2. Tom and Mike have already _______ (decide) to learn Chinese on Internet.

3. Have you ________ (read) Alice in Wonderland yet?

4. Robinson ________ (have) already built a house on the island.

5. It often ________ (snow) in North China in winter.

yet / already already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词之后。例如：

We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。

yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中表示“还（没）”。例如：—Has he found his watch yet? —No, not yet.

单项选择：— Have you done most of your jobs?

— Not _________. I will do them in a minute.

A. neither

B. never

C. already

D. yet

Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 斯蒂夫，你已经决定英语课写哪本书了吗？

which book to write about 意为“写哪一本书”，此处为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。

I can’t decide when to start. 我不能决定何时动身。

I am thinking about how to deal with the problem. 我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。

[拓展] 常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词who, whom, what 及疑问副词when, where 和how。

He taught me how to pronounce it. 他教我如何发音。

I didn’t decide wh ere to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。

—Which dress do you like best, Madam?—Sorry, I can’t decide __________ now. A. to buy which one B. buy which one

C. which one to buy

D. which I should buy it

It was really good, so I couldn’t put it down.

put… down 意为“记下；放下”，为“动词+副词”型短语，宾语若为代词，应放在put 与down 中间。

________ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine.

A. Cut down

B. Look down

C. Turn down

D. Put down one… the other…, some… the others 的辨析

1. one… the other… 为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个……另一个……”。例如：

He has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a student.

他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是学生。

2. some… the others…用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些……其余的……”。例如：

Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball, the others are playing football. 男孩们都在操场上，一些正打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。

）Lily and her sister l ook the same. I can’t tell one from ____.

A. other

B. another

C. the other

D. others

词义辨析: success 、succeed、successful和successfully的辨析

①success：名词，意为“成功”

②succeed：不及物动词，后常接in doing sth.。

succeed in sth. “在某事上取得成功”；succeed in doing sth.

“成功做某事”。

③successful: 形容词，意为“成功的”。

④successfully:副词，意为“成功地”。

选词填空：succeeded, successful, successfully