申请文书Research proposal怎么写

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Research_proposal 格式

How to write a research proposalYou are to write a research proposal of about 2000 words, maximum 8 type-written pages (including figures and tables), double-spaced. Fonts should be set at 12-point.ObjectivesThe idea behind this research proposal is I would like to see whether you are able to identify outstanding issues that more research could help to clarify. Writing the proposal will then help you achieve four important objectives:(1) to expand your knowledge of cognitive neuroscience by focusing on two areas that are of particular interest to you,(2) to further develop your skills as a critical reader of psychological research, and(3) to develop your scientific writing skills.General RequirementsIn this research proposal, you are asked to demonstrate your ability to integrate information across topics covered in the course. In the proposal, you should critically review two areas of cognitive neuroscience and then propose an experiment that would help to address an integrative question or issue.Choose any two sections from the course outline, such as Attention and Memory, and discuss how they are (or might be) related. For example, you might want to discuss the role of attention in memory. Alternatively, you might wish to discuss some general principles of cortical organization, such as modularity and central processing, and how they apply to two different areas you have studied. I guess you will find that there are a great number of potential topics you could pick. The best way would be to take something that interests you. You should then try to define what you picked narrowly. You need not deal with the entire topic area (e.g., all of language, all of perception), but choose smaller, more manageable topic (e.g., perception of living things and spatial attention; the function of the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). If you define your topic too generally there will simply be too much relevant research, making it very difficult to decide which the most relevant papers are.Required sections of the proposalThe proposal must contain the following sections: Title page – Abstract – Introduction – Methods – Predicted Results – References.• Title page• Abstract: One (1) paragraph that briefly describes the area of interest and the research question that will be addressed in the proposal. Put the abstract on a separate page, immediately following the title page.• Introduction: This section should describe the research area and findings from previous studies. Write in a goal-directed manner. By this I mean you will eventually be proposing some experiment in your proposal. Therefore, the literature review should be designed so that it discusses an issue or question that needs to be addressed in that area and provides a rationale for your proposed study. Moreover, you should structure your Introduction so that the motivation for your proposal becomes clear. To achieve that you should begin with a relatively big issue and then focus down to the specific issue you are interested in, highlighting the aspects of previous research (e.g. some methodological flaw in previous approaches) that your proposal is meant to address. By the end of the Introduction the reader should have a very good idea of what the central issue of your proposal will be. Your Introduction should reference at least three research articles (see the section about references). (Maximum length of the Introduction: 3 double-spaced pages).• Method: Now you are actually talking about what you are proposing. Again, be sure that this follows naturally from the introduction in which you should have set up and highlighted some critical issue that needs to be resolved. What you should do now is to tell the reader how you would resolve this issue. The Method section should describe the proposed method for the experiment, including who the participants will be (ages and where they will be recruited from), what equipment will be used, and the procedure that will be followed. You should specify the variables (independent and dependent) that will be used in the experiment. You do not have to format this section with separate subject, apparatus and procedure sections, but having that in mind can help to guide your thinking and writing. A clearly structured Method section is very important. (Maximum length of the Method section: 2 double-spaced pages).• Predicted Results: This section should describe the results you expect from your proposed experiment. (Maximum length: 1 double-spaced page). Please note: You should use the future tense. Do not create fake data and write the paper in past tense as if the experiment has already been conducted. Also, you may want to think about alternatives. That is, sometimes it is interesting to think about What if the results would turn out differently? Would there be any alternative interpretations?• References: You must have at least 3 primary sources (journal articles from the same list of journals as for reaction papers, that is: Brain, C erebral Cortex, C urrent Biology, E xperimental Brain Research, J ournal of Cognitive Neuroscience, J ournal of Neuroscience, J ournal of Neurophysiology, N ature, N ature Neuroscience, N eurology, N europsychologia, N euron,P sychological Science, S cience, V ision Research). The references should be from the last two years. You must format your references using the guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual (5th edition).Use APA FormatYou should use the guidelines for scientific writing that have been developed by the American Psychological Association (APA). There you will find more details about what I was talking about in the previous paragraphs. The 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual is available at the UTSC Bookstore and at the Bladen Library: CALL NUMBER: BF 76.7 .P83 2001 SCAR -- BOOK – ShortTermLoan.Evaluation of Research ProposalsThis form is what will be used to both grade your proposal, and give you feedback about your proposal. One of these forms will be stapled to each proposal after it is marked and, when we return the proposal to you, you can use this sheet to see what things you may want to work on with respect to other written work you do.For each of the following, you will be given a 1-10 score, where 1 is very poor, and 10 is very well (perfect really). There are ten different issues outlined below. Thus, your final mark on the proposal (out of 100) will be calculated as you total score on these questions.Writing•How well did the author lay out the argument in the opening section of the paper? And, how obvious was it where the author was going with their argument as you read it. Thatis, was the information presented in a very scattered manner with no apparent direction, or was the argument (and the relevance of the sections of the paper to it) obviousthroughout?•How clearly did the author structure the Method section?•How well did the paper conform to the APA writing standard?Research•How appropriate was the chosen research papers with respect to the argument the author was suggesting?•How well did the author explain the relevant aspects of previous research? Did you understand the research, and what point it makes with respect to the author's argument? Proposed Experiment•How well do you think the experiment, as proposed, would deal with the argument the author suggested in the introduction?•How well did the author use the introduction to motivate reasonable predictions about the potential outcome(s) of the proposed experiment?•Was the experiment well designed? Did you see any obvious design flaws?•How clever was the suggested experiment? That is, did the author simply suggest looking at some existing issue as a function of some other variable with no apparent motivation, or did the experiment represent a real attempt to either confirm or deny some theory, or discriminate between existing views or theories? Let’s say, there is a lot of research on how quickly we respond to circular spots popping up on a computer screen.Then an experiment would be less clever if it just looked at how quick we are when the spots are square-shaped.•How realistic is the predicted outcome of the experiments? Does the author mention any alternatives?。

英文research proposal

英文research proposal一、研究题目研究题目应该能够简洁明了地表达研究的目的和内容。

应该避免使用太过晦涩的名词或术语，以免读者难以理解。

二、研究背景在这一部分，需要提出研究的背景情况，包括相关领域已有的研究成果、问题和未解决的难点。

也可以简要说明自己选择这一课题的原因。

三、研究目的在这一部分，需要清晰地表达出自己这次研究的目的是什么，以及想要解决的问题是什么。

也可以阐述一下自己希望通过这次研究能够取得的成果和对学术界或者实际应用的意义。

四、研究内容和方法研究内容和方法是整个研究计划中最为重要的一部分。

在这一部分，需要清晰地阐述自己的研究将要进行的具体内容，以及采用的研究方法。

这一部分需要做到既全面、详细地描述研究过程中的每一个步骤，又尽量简洁明了，以便读者能够迅速理解。

五、研究预期结果在这一部分，可以预先设想一下自己这次研究可能得出的结论和结果。

也可以说明一下如果研究取得了预期的成果，对学术研究或者实际应用将会有怎样的帮助。

六、研究进度安排在这一部分，需要列出自己的研究进度安排，包括每个阶段具体需要做的工作内容、预计需要的时间，在研究过程中可能遇到的困难和问题以及相应的解决办法。

七、参考文献研究过程中所使用的参考文献应当列举清楚，并且按照一定的格式规范进行标注，以便审阅者查阅参考。

以上便是一份较为完整的英文research proposal的写作要点。

编写一份高质量的research proposal需要作者全面理解自己的研究内容，并清晰地向读者传达出来。

也需要遵循一定的格式规范，以便读者能够迅速理解并审阅。

希望以上内容对您有所帮助。

研究背景在研究背景部分，我将进一步详细介绍所选择的研究领域和当前的研究状况。

我们知道，现代社会信息爆炸，大数据时代已经到来。

在这个背景下，信息检索和数据挖掘变得尤为重要。

随着人工智能和机器学习等技术的飞速发展，自然语言处理也逐渐成为了研究的热点之一。

然而，当前自然语言处理领域依然存在着许多挑战和问题，比如语义理解、语言生成等方面的困难。

干货ResearchProposal写作方法

干货ResearchProposal写作方法Research Proposal（简称RP）也就是指研究报告或者开题报告，一般作为论文或者研究开始前的计划和纲要，比如毕业论文开题报告、申请博士的研究计划、国家基金类研究申报报告等。

RP的内容通常为：你打算完成什么（what），为什么你要做这件事（why），以及你打算怎样去完成它（how）。

主要包括标题（Title）、摘要 (Abstract)、引言(Introduction)、文献综述(Literature Review)、方法(Methods)、结果(Result)、讨论(Discussion)七部分。

整体字数看学校要求，一般1500-2000.下面我们详细分析Research Proposal写作方法。

1.标题（Title）简明扼要，内容翔实又吸引人PS：其实和中文论文写作差不多，题目不要泛而空，尽量缩小话题范围，这样内容更有针对性。

题目要能体现你的研究对象和创新性，至少能勾起阅读全文的兴趣！2.摘要（Abstract）300字左右的简要归纳。

它应该包括研究问题，研究的理论基础，假说（如有的话），研究方法以及主要发现。

PS：重中之重，实际就是将RP再浓缩一次。

Title+ Abstract就一锤定生死了，剩下部分基本就是abstract的拓展了。

对于建筑类相关专业，empirical study(案例研究/场地调研/问卷访谈等等)非常重要，如果连实地都没有去过，何来一手的资料，一手的结论呢？此处会涉及到original contribution（原创贡献），你的原创性/你对这一议题的贡献值有多少。

所以摘要的实质也是一种游说/推销，推销你的研究意义所在。

3.引言（Introduction）主要目的是为你的研究问题提供必要的背景。

通常包含以下内容：某描述研究问题/目的；某为你的研究问题提供背景，设定其范围，以体现出它的必要性和重要性；某理论依据，要清楚的指出为什么该研究是值得去做的；某简要描述该研究要解决的主要及次要问题；某明确说明你想要研究的现象；某阐述你的假说或理论（如有的话）；某设定你研究计划的局限或边界，以提供一个清晰的研究重点；某给关键概念下定义（此项为可选）PS:不多说，基本就是介绍一下研究背景，为什么你的研究内容很有意义或必要性。

research proposal博士申请

Research Proposal: PhD ApplicationIntroductionIn this research proposal, I outline my plan for a PhD application. The proposed research aims to address an important research gap in the field of [insert field of study]. The primary objective of this study is to [state the main goal of the research]. By conducting this research, I hope to contribute to the existing knowledge base and advance the field in a meaningful way.Research ProblemBackgroundProvide a brief overview of the current state of research in the field and highlight the existing research gaps. Discuss the importance of addressing the identified research problem and its implications for the field.Research QuestionFormulate a clear and concise research question that will guide the investigation. The research question should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).Literature ReviewOverviewPresent a comprehensive literature review on the topic. Summarize and analyze the existing research studies, theories, and concepts related to the research problem. Identify the key themes, controversies, and gaps in the literature.Theoretical FrameworkPropose a theoretical framework that will guide the research. Explain the rationale for selecting this framework and how it aligns with the research question. Discuss how the framework will help in analyzing and interpreting the data.MethodologyResearch DesignDescribe the research design that will be employed in this study.Justify the selection of the specific design and explain how it will address the research question. Discuss the advantages and limitations of the chosen design.Data CollectionExplain the methods and tools that will be used to collect data. Discuss the rationale for selecting these methods and their appropriateness for the research question. Provide a detailed description of the data collection process.Data AnalysisOutline the proposed data analysis techniques. Explain how the collected data will be analyzed to address the research question. Discuss the validity and reliability of the chosen analysis methods.Expected OutcomesDiscuss the potential outcomes of the research. Explain how the findings will contribute to the existing knowledge base and address the research gap. Highlight the practical implications of the research outcomes.TimelineProvide a detailed timeline for the completion of the proposed research. Break down the research process into specific tasks and allocate timefor each task. Ensure that the timeline is realistic and feasible.ConclusionSummarize the key points discussed in the research proposal. Emphasize the significance of the proposed research and its potential impact on the field. Reiterate the research question and the expected outcomes.。

research_proposal_范本

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His research will study the influence of hydrothermal conditions on natural drying characteristics of sewage sludge and other waste biomass, the drying mechanisms of hydrothermal treatment sludge and waste biomass. This research will not only drive the development of sludge treatment technologies but also lend a hand to other waste biomass treatment.
所学专业/Major 留学国别 /Hosting foreign country
留学院系 /Hosting faculty or department
学习期限/Duration of study
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申请文书Researchproposal怎么写？

申请文书Researchproposal怎么写？首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。

无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。

这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或工作经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。

Statement of purpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。

整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。

Research proposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。

通常research proposal会比statementof purpose长。

依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。

至于research proposal要写得多详细?有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。

最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。

你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。

教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。

Research proposal通常还会包含一个 literature review，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。

那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里?如果是你比较top priority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。

一份漂亮的ResearchProposal给你的申请加分.doc

一份漂亮的ResearchProposal给你的申请加分一份漂亮的Research Proposal给你的申请加分Research Proposal是什么在申请研究型硕士或PhD时，有学校会要求提交一份Research Proposal，也就是你的选题报告，或者叫研究计划。

RP是衡量申请者的专业知识、研究能力和写作水平的文书，对录取来说也是一份核心的文书材料。

写好一份研究计划，是开展研究和撰写论文的第一步。

RP需要写什么RP有基本的写作架构，可以参考以下的结构，按照自己的研究主题来稍作调整。

Title Page 封面页写标题和作者。

Abstract摘要大约200字，这部分把研究主题、目标和研究方法简要概括。

Table of Contents 目录Introduction 介绍这部分可以陈述你的研究背景、研究问题、研究的目的和意义。

BackgroundLiterature Review研究背景这部分也可以作为文献综述部分，提出你的研究问题，回顾以往的研究来进行评论和分析。

因此你需要阅读相关主题的文献，通过搜索、阅读、分析文献，对以往的研究进行整理和分析。

这需要你有一定的检索能力，并阅读一定数量的论文和书籍，才能总结归纳写成文献综述，是耗时比较长的一部分。

MainbodyHypothesis, Methodology, Research Design RP 的主体部分可以阐述你的研究假设、采用的研究方法，或者是实验的步骤、实验结果的分析方法、处理数据的方法。

所提出的研究方法需要有理有据，而且是可行的。

Time Table 研究日程表这部分可以列出你进行研究的每个阶段，从准备、设计、修改、实施到后期写作阶段的步骤和时间，时间不需要太精准，只需要把大致的时间安排写下就好。

List of References参考文献列表引用的格式需要根据你的科目和学校的要求而定，可以参考APA、HARVAR、MLA 的格式。

research proposal研究申请书指导

Research proposal研究申请如何写一、什么是研究申请报告？研究申请报告就是你要研究项目的大纲，其中包括：1.定义一个清晰的问题，和寻求解答的方法2.强调原创性（博士生）或重要性3.解释如何发展或挑战了现有的文献4.向潜在导师或基金解释工作的重要性，和就是他们要的人研究报告的长度不超过2500字，或5页纸，2至3页一般就足够。

二、研究申请报告的用途导师用它来筛选你的想法、技术、批判性思维和研究项目的质量、原创性和可行性。

请特别注意研究内容与学习年限之间的关系，并且有效配置你的四年博士或两年硕士学习期间的时间规划。

研究报告同时也被用于考察你在本专业的专业程度，包括你对于现有文献的了解，和你课题如何发展现有成果。

也用于将你分配至合适的研究或导师团队。

在提出正式申请之前，一定要和潜在导师进行正是交流，确定具有共同感兴趣的内容、研究设计和课题的可行性。

更重要的是，研究报告也是你用于抒发自己对于课题热情并且说服对方你能完成课题。

申请书不仅可以含有时间线，也可以包含你用于说服导师的内容。

三、研究申请的内容是否就板上钉钉了？当然不是，这是研究的第一步，以后还能根据导师意见和研究内容进行精炼和调整。

申请人应该把研究申请书看做是初步计划而不是最终框架。

四、研究申请书结构1.标题2.课题摘要3.课题内容（1）研究的背景、主要问题（1-3条）、破题方法、重难点（2）研究目标和期望成果（3）研究意义切记一定要着重这几个部分内容：你预计的研究成果和对于研究方法的学术思考，你研究需要的物质条件，所需要的数据、专家、资源，研究难点，课题的道德审查，实地调研或考察4.研究计划和时间线（注意对于学习时间的规划）5.参考文献或准备阅读的文献。

留学申请Research proposal怎么写

Research Proposal怎么写在准备留学申请的时候，除了标化成绩之外，对软实力也格外的看重。

不仅要你GPA高，专业成绩好，是学校里的“拔尖生”。

还要你有丰富的对口实习经历、科研活动经历。

要GPA高，必然会花很多时间在专业课上。

又要软实力强，必然要花费格外的时间泡在实验室或者读文献上。

不过并不是像很多人都认为必须要发一篇高级别的SCI之类的论文才算有科研经历，没发表论文≠没有科研经历≠科研能力弱。

招生官之所以看重你的科研经历，是希望通过非标准化成绩来进一步了解你是一个怎样的人，了解你对所申专业的兴趣和探索。

因此，除了发表论文之外，你同样可以通过一个课题，来产出项目报告或者研究报告。

这也就是“Research Proposal”，用它来展现你的学术素养、科研能力以及对专业的兴趣。

毕竟录取过程中一个很重要的考察因素是，希望你在入学后，能够利用学校的学术资源做出成绩，从而为学校做贡献。

01 What | RP是什么？很多人可能是初次听说“Research Proposal”，RP作为科研项目产出的一种，也就是俗称的研究报告/计划。

Research Proposal其实是一种论文性文章，主要说明你作为申请人的研究领域和方向，具体的研究课题，采用的研究方法，研究进度安排，研究成果的实际应用价值等等。

不管你是申请硕士or博士，Research Proposal都是申请环节中很重要的一部分，可以说RP的质量就是你申请名校的敲门砖。

02 Why | 为什么需要RP？很多人觉得我有多的时间不如去做些能看到实际效果的事情，为什么要来写RP 呢？其实RP是一种非常重要的个人表现手段。

1.导师取向狙击大家会觉得我多参加点实际的科研项目比写一篇干瘪瘪的RP好得多吧，这样导师在提问时我才有东西可以讲。

多参加科研项目当然很好，也会给简历添彩。

但是耗费时间更多，并且记住你要申请的是Master/Phd,研究型人才，导师很看重你在相关领域的学术研究能力如何。

research proposal范文

Research proposal1. Title：Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21st century America in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road2. Introduction：1).about the author:a. Most Important achievements about Cormac McCarthy:Cormac McCarthy is an American novelist and playwright, who wasonce described as “the best unknown novelist in America”. So far McCarthy has written ten novels, one published five-act play, and one filmed screenplay, among which, novels are considered his most conspicuous literary achievements.On May 5th, 2009, Cormac McCarthy has won the biennial PEN/Saul Bellow award for lifetime achievement in American literature, for "a distinguished living American author of fiction whose body of work in English possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale of achievement over a sustained career which places him or her in the highest rank of American literature".He received the Pulitzer Prize in 2007 for The Road, and his 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name,which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He received a National Book Award in 1992 for All the Pretty Horses.His earlier Blood Meridian (1985) was among Time Magazine's poll of 100 best English-language books published between 1925 and 2005 and he placed joint runner-up for a similar title in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo and Philip Roth. He is frequently compared by modern reviewers toWilliam Faulkner.b. His Life:Cormac McCarthy was born in Rhode Island on July 20, 1933. Cormac was raised Roman Catholic. He attended Catholic High School in Knoxville, and then went to the University of Tennessee in 1951-52. He majored in Liberal arts. His college experience could be considered a rewarding one with his debut publications :A Drowning Incident and Wake for Susan in the student literary magazine, The Phoenix, which won him the “Ingram-Merrill Award for Creative Writing” respectively in 1959 and 1960. McCarthy joined the U.S. Air Force in 1953; he served four years, spending two of them stationed in Alaska, where he hosted a radio show.Gradually his literary potential came into emergence and in 1960 he began to pursue his writing career in a small American town in Texas along the America-Mexico border.c. His Novels:Many of McC arthy’s works are said to be based on his own experiences or actual events.The Orchard Keeper (1965) and Outer Dark (1968) were completedafter his trips to Europe. His first book The Orchard Keep (1965) was recognized with the William Faulkner Award. In the next year he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation grant. In 1969, his second novel Outer Dark won him Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Writing. Child of God was inspired by things that really happened in Sevier County, which garnered mixed reviews; some praised it as great, while others found it despicable. In 1979, McCarthy published Suttree, a book considered by some critics to be McCarthy’s best work to date. His fourth novel Suttree won him MacArthur Foundation Grant in 1979. The above fournovels are called Appalachian novels.Then McCarthy moved from Knoxville, Tennessee to El Paso, Texas, hence the shift of the geographical settings of his later novels. Hisfifth novel Blood Meridian (1986) caught the attention of the mainstream. But McCarthy didn’t finally receive widespread recognition until in 1992 with the publication of All the Pretty Horses, which won the National Book Award and was followed by The Crossing and Cities of the Plain, forming the so-called The Border Trilogy, as the events in the novels invariably happen round the American-Mexico Border. McCarthy's next book, 2005's No Country for Old Men, stayed with the westernsetting and themes yet moved to a more contemporary period. McCarthy's latest book, The Road, was published in 2006 and won international acclaim and the Pulitzer Prize for literature.d. His views on Writing:In one of his few interviews (with The New York Times), McCarthy is described as a "gregarious loner" and reveals that he is not a fan of authors who do not "deal with issues of life and death," citing Henry James and Marcel Proust as examples. "I don't understand them," he said. "To me, that's not literature. A lot of writers who are considered good I consider strange.” McCarthy remains active in the academic community of Santa Fe and spends much of his time at the Santa Fe Institute, which was founded by his friend, physicist Murray Gell-Mann. On June 5, 2007, in McCarthy’s only TV interview invited by Talk show host Oprah Winfrey; McCarthy told Winfrey that he does not know any writers and much prefers the company of scientists.e. Writing features:McCarthy’s works focus on the life experiences and human feelingsof the common people in the south and the west of America. Thesetouching epics are full of cruel violence, nightmarish murders as wellas the beautiful eclogue and the gentle requiem. They are admittedly called “symphony of hell and heavy”.The wilderness is a repeating image in his works. As a fan of outdoor life, McCarthy put most of his stories in Tennessee and Mexico. The tall timber, darkly fierce plots, simple but powerful language are the main features of his works.McCarthy’s works are also enriched with an imaginative power. Nature, as the greatest being in his works, watches every human deeds, whether stupid, evil, cruel, or good, honest, virtuous. The climax ofthe plots is often accompanied with signs from God, which categorizeshis some works into post-apocalyptic genres.2) The RoadAccording to the PEN, McCarthy is “a distinguish ed American writer whose critically acclaimed work helped readers understand the human condition in original and powerful ways”. As the climax of McCarthy’s writing career, The Road received so many encomium and awards.The Road is a post-apocalyptic tale of a journey taken by a father and his young son across a landscape blasted by an unnamed cataclysmthat destroyed all civilization and, apparently, most life on earth.McCarthy's inspiration for The Road came during a 2003 visit to El Paso, Texas, with his young son. Imagining what the city might look like in the future, he pictured "fires on the hill" and thought about his son. He took some initial notes but did not return to the idea until a few years later, while in Ireland. Then, the novel came to him quickly, and he dedicated it to his son, John Francis McCarthy.The Road follows a man and a boy, father and son, journeying together towards the sea for many months across a post-apocalyptic landscape, some years after a great, unexplained cataclysm. The boy's mother has committed suicide as an escape from the harsh landscape. The man, himself, has a pistol with two bullets meant for suicide.Civilization has been destroyed, and most species have become extinct. The sun is obscured by dark clouds, and the climate has been altered radically with cold "hard enough to crack stones." Plants do not grow.As the two travel across the landscape, they encounter horrific scenes that show the state of humanity. The scenes include an army of roving cannibals and their catamites and slaves; an infant roasting on a spit;and a basement where slaves, whose limbs are being harvested slowly for food, are kept, groaning and in terrible pain. As the journey progresses, the father begins to cough up blood and he knows that he is going to die, but he holds on only due to his love for the boy. Finally, after the two reach the sea, the man dies, and the boy goes on without him. The boy soon encounters a family of people who take him in and take care of him.The sight of the end of the human world is finely depicted by McCarthy, which reveals the writer’s concern on the human future and becomes the post-911 fable.The book, McCarthy's 10th, has been hailed by critics as a masterpiece but it has also achieved commercial success, having been featured by Oprah Winfrey's television book club. Talk show host Oprah Winfrey chose The Road as the April 2007 selection for her Book Club. The sales reached up to 10 million copies in a month.A film based on the novel was announced to be in development onApril 2, 2007. John Hillcoat is set to direct and the adaptation will be handled by Joe Penhall. The lead role of the father will be played by Viggo Mortensen. Also joining the cast is Charlize Theron as the wifeand Robert Duvall as the old man. The film is set to open on October 16, 2009.3. Proposed researched topicCormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21st century America in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road4. Literature review:As Cormac McCarthy is a newly-rising writer, we can not see so many tremendous academic studies of him as of other classical writers.1) In USA, Cormac McCarthy didn’t receive critical attention until the 1990s.So far the American critics and postgraduates have conducted studies of him in the following aspects with a few achievements. Inspite of his numerous awards and prizes, McCarthy is frequently considered as the successor of William Faulkner; however, with the popularity of No Country for Old Men and the great success of The Road, more mainstream critics and media keep an eye on this unknown famous writer.a. Monologues, dialogues, sentence structures inspire scholars to explore autotextuality in McCarthy’s works. Christine Chollier brings forward the idea that the writer is a master in binding and interweaving different voices together to generate and enhance an impression of reality. It is the writer’s talent in picking and arranging words that renders his works an organic unity rarely found in other western novels.Another thing that keeps attracting scholar’s attention is protagonists’ dreams, which, Edwin T. Arnold thinks, represent McCarthy’s “unique way of sharing world experience with readers”. Other themes, like wars, ethics, and modern technology, have all become the focuses of study.Some scholars ponder over another important theme in McCarthy’s works: human-nature relations. George Guillemin raises the idea that the writer is advocating a biocentric concept in all his books, which runs incontrast to the anthropocentric stance many western novels have assumed before. Guillemin points out that people’s hope to get closer to nature has been ruined by modern civilization. Barcley Owens, too, expresses the same concern over human’s attitudes towar ds nature and argues eloquently that McCarthy reveals his worry through the depiction of wilderness in his Border Trilogy.In The Lay of the Land in Cormac McCarthy’s Appalachia, K. Wesley Berry shows his interest in examining the geological changes inM cCarthy’s Appalachia. A lot of data are brought in for a conclusion that human’s activities have already caused damages to natural environment, and if not stopped, will continue to harm the planet people are living on. In another essay by Sara Spurgeon, the idea that nature deserves to be explored and used by human is totally undermined through a closer examination of the message McCarthy tries to pass on to us in his works. The World on Fire deals with the same topic, but in a different way. Jacqueline Sco ones finds McCarthy’s interest in portraying products of modern civilization and putting them in a setting of nature. Scoones insists that McCarthy intends to generate an odd contrast between civilization and nature, and to arouse a spontaneous hatred agai nst people’s invasion into nature.Researchers also notice the animal images in his works. Major analysis include George Guillemin’s Some Site Where Life had not Succeeded, in which he mentions that John Grady’s attitude changes toward horses represent the wakening of his goodwill to nature. Western Myths in All the Pretty Horses and The Crossing by Barcley Owens explicitly affirms wolves as a “spokesman” of nature. And everything people could see from the animal and its relations with human may serveas the evidence that McCarthy hopes for a harmonious coexistence between human and nature.b）The Road has received numerous positive reviews and honors since its September 26, 2006 release. The review aggregator Metacritic reported the book had an average score of 90 out of 100, based on 31 reviews. Critics have deemed it "heartbreaking," "haunting," and "emotionally shattering. The Village Voice referred to it as "McCarthy's purest fable yet." In a New York Review of Books article, author Michael Chabon heralded the novel. Discussing the novel's relation to established genres, Chabon insists The Road is not science fiction: although "the adventure story in both its modern and epic forms… structures the narrative," Chabon says, "ultimately it is as a lyrical epic of horror that The Road is best understood." Entertainment Weeklyin June 2008 named The Road the best book, fiction or non-fiction, of the past 25 years, ahead of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Toni Morrison's Beloved.British environmental campaigner George Monbiot was so impressed by The Road that he declared McCarthy to be one of the "50 people who could save the planet" in an article published in January 2008. Monbiot wrote, "It could be the most important environmental book ever. It is a thought experiment that imagines a world without a biosphere, and shows that everything we value depends on the ecosystem.” This nomination echoes the review Monbiot had written some months earlier for the Guardian in which he wrote, "A few weeks ago I read what I believe is the most important environmental book ever written. It is not Silent Spring, Small Is Beautiful or even Walden. It contains no graphs, no tables, no facts, figures, warnings, predictions or even arguments. Nor does itcarry a single dreary sentence, which, sadly, distinguishes it from most environmental literature. It is a novel, first published a year ago, and it will change the way you see the world."Academic essays on The Road are out of steps with its high praises. In Life of War, Death of the Rest, Tim Blackmore considers the way new nuclear technologies are inherently determinist, and reflects on the threat of the apocalyptic world as seen in The Road. In Cormac McCarthy and the Myth of American Exceptionalism published in 2008, John Cant studies the intertextuality between The Road and McCarthy’s former works, and suggests the novel “declares the inevitability of cultural entropy, but is itself an example of cultural vitality”.2) Cormac McCarthy’s works are stil l far from familiar toChina’s literary circle.From the data from CNKI, it is clear that Cormac McCarthy hasgained Chinese Critics’ attention only in recent years, especiallyafter the release of the movie No country for Old Men. Before 2007,there are only two essays on Cormac McCarthy, while since 2007, 5 essays and 5 graduate theses have chosen this writer and his works, two ofwhich are based on The Road. However, those two just introduce the plots of the novel and some relevant information.3) About EschatologyEschatology (from the Greek , Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of") is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with what is believed to be the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, commonly referred to as the end ofthe world. While in mysticism the phrase refers metaphorically to the end of ordinary reality and reunion with the Divine, in many traditional religions it is taught as an actual future event prophesied in sacred texts or folklore. More broadly, eschatology may encompass related concepts such as the Messiah or Messianic Age, the end time, and the end of days.Most modern eschatology and apocalypticism, both religious and secular, involves the violent disruption or destruction of the world, whereas Christian and Jewish eschatologies view the end times as the consummation or perfection of God's creation of the world.。

ResearchProposal的写作步骤及组成部分

英语研究计划书（Research Proposal ）的写作步骤和组成部分STEP1定研究题目的大方向选择标准：与自己的本科专业、相关研究或调研经历、要申请的专业、目标教授有关。

注意：1.1.浏览国际上相关领域知名期刊近年来发的文章的题目和摘要，浏览国际上相关领域知名期刊近年来发的文章的题目和摘要，归纳总结一下别人都在研究些什么；人都在研究些什么；也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，问问相关专业领域的老师，问问相关专业领域的老师，问问相关专业领域的老师，他他们会比较清楚。

2. 2. 一开始没必要把题目定的太细致，有个大方向即可。

一开始没必要把题目定的太细致，有个大方向即可。

到下一步阅读文献的过程中，随着对研究主题了解的深入和看别人的研究，会产生很多新的想法。

如果一开始就限定死了，很可能到后面就发现这个研究缺乏可行性、或者前人已经研究过了。

STEP2 找文献&阅读文献文献选择的几个标准1. 1. 以英语文献为主。

参考文献列表中也可以有少量中文文献。

在刚开始读文献以英语文献为主。

参考文献列表中也可以有少量中文文献。

在刚开始读文献时，可以先看些中文的，方便了解相关研究背景。

以免在看英文文献时云里雾里，看不懂。

2. 2. 相关专业具有影响力的期刊上发的文章；相关专业具有影响力的期刊上发的文章；3. 3. 相关领域权威泰斗人士发的文章（可以追踪他长期的研究，一一阅读他从早相关领域权威泰斗人士发的文章（可以追踪他长期的研究，一一阅读他从早期到现在的论文，这样能了解到这个研究主题发展的脉络）；4. 4. 近几年的文章，太久的（比如近几年的文章，太久的（比如10年前的）参考价值降低；5. 5. 如果你的目标教授有发表相关的英语文章，也可以找出来看看。

如果你的目标教授有发表相关的英语文章，也可以找出来看看。

6. 6. 中文有很多垃圾期刊，少看那上面的文章，不如不看中文有很多垃圾期刊，少看那上面的文章，不如不看7. 7. 硕士和博士学位论文涵盖的内容比较综合，可以看个几篇，用于了解该领域硕士和博士学位论文涵盖的内容比较综合，可以看个几篇，用于了解该领域的研究情况，来龙去脉，补充一些基础背景知识之类的。

英文research proposal格式

一、概述在科研工作者进行研究之前，通常需要撰写一个研究提案（research proposal）来明确研究的目的、方法和重要性。

研究提案是研究项目的蓝图，对于研究的顺利开展和取得成功至关重要。

本文将针对英文research proposal的格式和内容进行详细介绍，帮助读者了解如何撰写一份高质量的研究提案。

二、提案标题和背景1. 提案标题研究提案的标题应当简明扼要地概括研究的主题，通常不超过15个词。

标题应当具有代表性，能够吸引读者的注意力，同时需要与研究内容紧密相关。

2. 研究背景研究背景部分应当包括对研究领域的概述，阐明研究的重要性和必要性。

也需要对该领域的前沿研究进行综合介绍，指出现有研究的不足之处，为本研究的开展提供充分理由。

三、研究目的和问题1. 研究目的研究目的部分应当明确说明研究的总体目标和具体目的。

研究目的应当与研究背景紧密通联，能够清晰地表达出研究的意义和预期的成果。

2. 研究问题研究问题部分应当提出明确的研究问题或假设，阐明研究的内容和范围。

研究问题需要具有可操作性，既能够被具体的研究方法所解决，又能够对研究领域产生积极影响。

四、研究方法和流程1. 研究方法研究方法部分应当详细描述研究的具体方法和步骤，包括实验设计、数据采集和分析方法等。

研究方法需要符合科学规范和伦理要求，能够有效地解决研究问题，并得到可信的研究结果。

2. 研究流程研究流程部分应当对研究的具体进展和时间安排进行详细规划，包括各项工作的时间节点和人力物力的分配。

研究流程需要合理可行，能够保证研究的顺利开展和按时完成。

五、预期成果和意义1. 预期成果预期成果部分应当说明研究取得的具体成果和效益，可以是新的理论发现、实用技术或政策建议等。

预期成果需要与研究目的和问题相一致，能够对研究领域产生重要影响。

2. 研究意义研究意义部分应当阐明研究的社会和学术价值，可能涉及到对学科发展、社会进步或经济效益等方面的影响。

研究意义需要全面客观地评估，并表明研究的重要性和必要性。

开题报告：Research Proposal格式

Word文档可进行编辑开题报告：ResearchProposal格式【编者按】：精品学习网论文频道为您提供各类开题报告范文参考,以及开题报告写作指导和格式排版要求,解决您在开题报告写作中得难题.researchproposal格式本站是专业得留学生论文指导网,曾经为大量留学生提供过researchproposal得写作服务,以下是一个researchproposal 格式范文,仅供参考,需要原创得researchproposal能够联系我们,qq1422600067.applicant’sname:proposedtopic/titleofresearch: background:(pleaseprovidebackgroundmaterialtha texplainsthemotivationforandaimsand objectivesofyourproposedstudy,outli nethetheoreticalframeworkthatformst hebasisofyourresearch,andspecifythe researchquestion(s)youintendtoinves tigate)methodology:(pleasegivedetailsofsubjects,dataco llectionprocedures,proposeddataanal ysisandthestatisticalapproachyouint endtoadopt,ifapplicable)outcomesandvalue:(pleaseindicatetheexpectedoutcomeso fyourresearchandthesignificancetoth evariousfieldsofapplicationorcontex ts,theanticipatedimpactsorvalueofth eresultsandtheirinterpretation)references:researchproposal代写格式范文1:论文科目类：biology2:论文字数：4000words(reference不计算在内)3:论文deadline：20xx年3月12日下午4点4:论文格式（essayorreportetc）：researchproposal(格式见附件)5:需要几个reference（apaorharvard）：4~8所需资料（假如没有,能够不提供）：个人对论文要求及看法（对写手讲得话,方便审题,保证质量）出国申请用得,大致是master水平得.wwwCOm。

研究计划-Research-Proposal-模板

每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。

它大致对应中文里的“开题报告”、“选题报告”、“研究报告”，是一项研究开始之前的提纲、规划和陈述；既是为了帮助自己梳理文献、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是写给相关他人的说明：研究动机和意义何在？可能有何成果？为什么它值得你的资助/认可/支持/批准？不知道是否可以说，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。

但实际而功利的说，如果你的proposal很烂，可能根本就不会有开始研究的机会。

How to write a research proposal?能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。

但形式也很重要。

英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。

程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。

对于非英语native speaker的我们，如何理解英文学术世界的规范或曰思维定势，也是写作proposal之前必备的背景知识。

下面这篇流传甚广的Research Proposal写作指南，言简意赅，颇具启发，对我自己的写作有所帮助，也希望能给更多的学界同仁带来便利。

[点击这里，查看更多关于RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL写作的网上资源]文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下：Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.TITLE:It s hould be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigationof . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader’s interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal.ABSTRACT:It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.INTRODUCTION:The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing.If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident.Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas.However, try to place your research question in the context of either a current “hot” area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify “key players” and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance.The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area, with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study. The introduction generally covers the following elements:1. State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study.2. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance.3. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing.4. Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to be addressed by your research.5. Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment. Alternatively, specify the phenomenon you want to study.6. State your hypothesis or theory, if any. For exploratory or phenomenological research, you may not have any hypotheses. (Please do not confuse the hypothesis with the statistical null hypothesis.)7. Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research in order to provide a clear focus.8. Provide definitions of key concepts. (This is optional.)LITERATURE REVIEW:Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introduction section. However, most professors prefer a separate section, which allows a more thorough review of the literature.The literature review serves several important functions:1. Ensures that you are not “reinventing the wheel”.2. Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research.3. Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem.4. Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues related to your research question.5. Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information.6. Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature.7. Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual framework for your research.8. Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant and substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving an important theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).Most students’ literature reviews suffer from the following problems:* Lacking organization and structure* Lacking focus, unity and coherence* Being repetitive and verbose* Failing to cite influential papers* Failing to keep up with recent developments* Failing to critically evaluate cited papers* Citing irrelevant or trivial references* Depending too much on secondary sourcesYour scholarship and research competence will be questioned if any of the above applies to your proposal.There are different ways to organize your literature review. Make use of subheadings to bring order and coherence to your review. For example, having established the importance of your research area and its current state of development, you may devote several subsections on related issues as: theoretical models, measuring instruments, cross-cultural and gender differences, etc.It is also helpful to keep in mind that you are telling a story to an audience. Try totell it in a stimulating and engaging manner. Do not bore them, because it may lead to rejection of your worthy proposal. (Remember: Professors and scientists are human beings too.)METHODS:The Method section is very important because it tells your Research Committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your project.The guiding principle for writing the Method section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound. Some even argue that a good proposal should contain sufficient details for another qualified researcher to implement the study.You need to demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question.Please note that your research question may be best answered by qualitative research. However, since most mainstream psychologists are still biased against qualitative research, especially the phenomenological variety, you may need to justify your qualitative method.Furthermore, since there are no well-established and widely accepted canons in qualitative analysis, your method section needs to be more elaborate than what is required for traditional quantitative research. More importantly, the data collection process in qualitative research has a far greater impact on the results as comparedto quantitative research. That is another reason for greater care in describing how you will collect and analyze your data. (How to write the Method section for qualitative research is a topic for another paper.)For quantitative studies, the method section typically consists of the following sections:1. Design -Is it a questionnaire study or a laboratory experiment? What kind of design do you choose?2. Subjects or participants – Who will take part in your study ? What kind of sampling procedure do you use?3. Instruments – What kind of measuring instruments or questionnaires do you use? Why do you choose them? Are they valid and reliable?4. Procedure – How do you plan to carry out your study? What activities are involved? How long does it take?RESULTS:Obviously you do not have results at the proposal stage. However, you need to have some idea about what kind of data you will be collecting, and what statistical procedures will be used in order to answer your research question or test you hypothesis.DISCUSSION:It is important to convince your reader of the potential impact of your proposed research. You need to communicate a sense of enthusiasm and confidence without exaggerating the merits of your proposal. That is why you also need to mention the limitations and weaknesses of the proposed research, which may be justified by time and financial constraints as well as by the early developmental stage of your research area.Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing1. Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question.2. Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research.3. Failure to cite landmark studies.4. Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by other researchers.5. Failure to stay focused on the research question.6. Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed research.7. Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues.8. Too much rambling —going “all over the map” without a clear sense of direction. (The best proposals move forward with ease and grace like a seamless river.)9. Too many citation lapses and incorrect references.10. Too long or too short.11. Failing to follow the APA style.12. Slopping writing./2008/02/25/762/大多数学生和刚起步的研究者都不了解什么是研究计划，也不知道其重要性。

research proposal博士申请

research proposal博士申请（原创版）目录1.引言2.研究背景和问题3.研究方法和策略4.预期的研究成果5.时间安排和预算6.结论正文1.引言随着全球化的发展和科技的进步，博士研究已经成为各个领域知识创新和人才培养的重要途径。

本文旨在提出一个博士申请研究计划，以期在相关领域取得突破性进展。

2.研究背景和问题近年来，随着人工智能、大数据等技术的飞速发展，知识图谱在语义网络、智能问答、信息检索等领域的应用越来越广泛。

然而，现有的知识图谱仍存在不完善和不准确之处，需要进一步研究和改进。

3.研究方法和策略本研究计划将采用深度学习、自然语言处理等技术，结合大数据和知识图谱，研究以下问题：(1) 如何构建一个更加准确、完整的知识图谱？(2) 如何利用知识图谱提高信息检索和智能问答的准确性和效率？(3) 如何实现知识图谱的自动更新和维护？4.预期的研究成果本研究计划预期达到以下成果：(1) 提出一种基于深度学习和自然语言处理的知识图谱构建方法，提高知识图谱的准确性和完整性。

(2) 设计一种基于知识图谱的信息检索和智能问答系统，提高回答准确性和效率。

(3) 实现一个基于大数据和知识图谱的自动更新和维护机制，确保知识图谱的时效性和可用性。

5.时间安排和预算本研究计划预计耗时三年，具体时间安排如下：第一年：调研相关技术，收集数据，构建原型系统。

第二年：改进和优化系统，进行实验和评估。

第三年：撰写论文，准备毕业答辩。

预算方面，主要支出包括数据购买、计算资源、实验设备等，预计总预算为人民币 10 万元。

research proposal模板【范本模板】

Research Proposal1.Applicant’s nameLIU Jia2。

Title of proposed research projectMicro Film Creation Art Theory—- Taking original micro film ”THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as an example3.Summary of researchIn the condition of promoting the media integration， the creation of micro film and audience psychology are worthy of the hot content of research. In the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film ”THE MEANING OF EMOTION” as the main object of discussion,through the micro film creation in narrative art and technique of expression to influence the audience's aesthetic。

4。

IntroductionMicro film ”THE MEANING OF EMOTION” has been the national college students innovation and entrepreneurship program funded, in many of the predecessors and colleagues to participate in support to complete.5。

research proposal博士申请

research proposal博士申请（实用版）目录1.引言2.研究背景和问题3.研究目标和方法4.预期成果5.时间表和预算6.参考文献正文1.引言随着全球化的发展和科技的进步，博士研究已经成为各个领域知识创新的重要途径。

为了能够成功申请到博士研究项目，需要撰写一份高质量的研究计划书，清晰地阐述研究背景、问题、目标、方法、预期成果、时间表和预算等内容。

本文将围绕这些方面展开论述，以期提供一个成功的博士申请研究计划书范例。

2.研究背景和问题在当前的研究领域中，许多关键问题亟待解决。

为了更好地阐述研究背景和问题，需要对相关领域的现状进行全面梳理，指出目前研究中存在的问题和不足之处。

同时，要明确自己的研究将填补哪些知识空白，为解决实际问题提供有益的理论和实践指导。

3.研究目标和方法在明确了研究背景和问题之后，接下来需要明确研究目标和方法。

研究目标应该具体、明确，能够清晰地传达研究的意图和方向。

研究方法则应该科学、合理，能够有效地实现研究目标。

这里可以详细描述将采用哪些方法、技术或工具来完成研究任务，以及这些方法的优缺点和可行性。

4.预期成果在研究计划书中，还需要说明预期成果及其意义。

预期成果可以是学术论文、专利、软件、数据库等形式，应该与研究目标紧密关联。

同时，需要分析预期成果对学术界和实际应用的贡献，展示研究的价值和影响力。

5.时间表和预算为了保证研究计划的顺利实施，需要制定一个详细的时间表和预算。

时间表应该包括每个研究阶段、任务和目标的时间安排，以便于自己和他人对进度进行监控和评估。

预算则应该合理规划各项开支，如设备购置、实验费用、差旅费等，以确保研究经费的有效使用。

6.参考文献最后，需要列出参考文献，以表明对相关领域的了解和尊重。

参考文献应该包括已有的研究成果、理论依据和方法论等，以便于评审专家了解研究背景和问题的来龙去脉。

同时，参考文献的质量和数量也是评审专家评估研究计划书质量的重要依据之一。

课题申请书

课题申请书英文回答：Writing a research proposal is an important part of the research process. It is a document that outlines your research question, your methods for answering it, and the expected outcomes of your research. A well-written research proposal can help you get funding for your research, and it can also help you stay on track as you conduct your research.The first step in writing a research proposal is to develop a research question. Your research question should be specific, feasible, and interesting enough to sustain your research. Once you have a research question, you need to develop a plan for answering it. This plan should include a description of the methods you will use tocollect data, as well as a description of the analysis techniques you will use to make sense of the data.The next step is to write the proposal itself. The proposal should be written in a clear and concise style, and it should be organized in a logical way. The proposal should include the following sections:Introduction: This section provides a brief overview of your research question and the background information that is necessary to understand your research.Methods: This section describes the methods you will use to collect data and analyze the data.Results: This section presents the results of your research.Discussion: This section interprets the results of your research and discusses the implications of your findings.Conclusion: This section summarizes the main findings of your research and discusses the next steps in your research.Once you have written the proposal, you need to submit it to a funding agency. The funding agency will review your proposal and decide whether or not to fund your research. If your proposal is funded, you will be able to begin conducting your research.中文回答：研究申请书是研究过程中一个重要的环节。

英语作文关于课题申请

Title: Research Proposal: Exploring the Impact of Technology on Education Introduction:Technology has become an integral part of modern society, revolutionizing various aspects of our lives, including education. In this research proposal, I aim to investigate the impact of technology on education and explore how it is influencing teaching methods, student learning outcomes, and the overall educational landscape.Research Objectives:1. To examine the ways in which technology is being integrated into educational settings.2. To analyze the effects of technology on student engagement, motivation, and academic performance.3. To evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of technology in education.4. To explore the role of teachers in adapting to and utilizing technology effectively in the classroom.5. To suggest recommendations for leveraging technology to enhance the quality of education and student learning experiences.Research Methods:1. Literature Review: Conduct a comprehensive review of existing studies, reports, and articles on the impact of technology on education.2. Surveys and Questionnaires: Administer surveys and questionnaires to educators, students, and parents to gather insights on their experiences and perceptions of technology in education.3. Interviews: Conduct interviews with teachers, administrators, and technology experts to gain in-depth perspectives on the challenges and benefits of using technology in education.4. Classroom Observations: Observe technology integration in classrooms to understand how teachers incorporate digital tools and resources into their teaching practices.5. Data Analysis: Analyze collected data to identify trends, patterns, and correlations related to the impact of technology on education.Expected Outcomes:1. A deeper understanding of how technology is reshaping teaching and learning environments.2. Insights into the factors influencing the successful integration of technology in education.3. Recommendations for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders on optimizing the use of technology to improve educational outcomes.4. Contribution to the existing body of knowledge on the intersection of technology and education.Conclusion:This research proposal aims to shed light on the evolving relationship between technology and education, providing valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges presented by digital tools in learning environments. By exploring the impact of technology on education, we can better understand how to harness its potential to enhance teaching practices, student engagement, and academic achievement in the 21st century.。

科研立项申请书(申请书范文)

科研立项申请书(申请书范文)英文回答：Dear Reviewers,。

I am writing to submit a research proposal for funding consideration by your esteemed organization. My research project is entitled "[Insert Research Project Title]" and seeks to investigate "[Insert Research Question or Hypothesis]."The motivation behind this research stems from a deep-seated curiosity about [Insert Research Topic] and a desire to contribute to the body of knowledge in this field. My preliminary research has revealed that there is a significant gap in our understanding of [Insert Research Gap] and that my project has the potential to address this gap.The proposed research will adopt a multidisciplinaryapproach, combining [Insert Research Methods] to gain a comprehensive understanding of the research question. Iwill employ [Insert Data Collection Methods] to gather data from [Insert Data Sources]. These data will then be analyzed using [Insert Data Analysis Techniques] toidentify patterns, trends, and relationships.The expected outcomes of this research include [Insert Expected Outcomes]. These outcomes have the potential to [Insert Potential Impact of Research]. I am confident that my research will make a valuable contribution to the field of [Insert Research Field] and beyond.I am a [Insert Degree] graduate with [Insert Number] years of experience in [Insert Research Area]. I have a strong foundation in research design, data analysis, and scientific writing. I am also an experienced communicator and have presented my research at [Insert Conferences].I am requesting [Insert Funding Amount] to cover the costs of this research project. These costs include [Insert List of Costs]. I am confident that this funding willenable me to conduct this research to the highest possible standard.Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely,。