英国文学文艺复兴PPT

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In 1582 Shakespeare married a farmer‘s daughter Anne Hathaway．When in the year 1585 a son was born to William Shakespeare， the boy was named Hamnet，obviously after Hamlet，the hero of the tragedy written by Thomas Kyd(15587--1594)，a gifted playwright and predecessor of Shakespeare.
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Shakespeare‘s activities as a dramatist，poet，actor and proprietor，lasted till the year 1612 when he retired from the stage and returned to Stratford．Shakespeare died on the 23rd of April, 1616．
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1.Historical background
ⅠThe New Monarchy ⅡThe Reformation Ⅲ The Enclosure Movement (圈地运动) ⅣThe Commercial Expansion
Ⅴ The War with Spain
ⅥThe Renaissance and Humanism（人文主义）
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c. It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation of the human intellect and power.
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2) The division of the English renaissance a. Beginning (imitation and assimilation): the last years of the 15th century---first half of the 16th century b. Flourishing: the Elizabethan Age (1558-1603) c. Declining: the period of James I (1603-1625) early 17th century
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William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an Englishpoet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".
Shakespeare arrived in London in the year 1586 or 1587．At that time the drama was rapidly gaining popularity among the people.
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During the first years of Shakespeare‘s life in London he had to go through many hardships．In one way or another he became acquainted with certain theatrical companies．By the end of the 1580 Shakespeare is known to have been an actor and playwright in one of the leading companies of players-- ―Lord Chamberlaine‘s Company‖ directed by James Burbage．Later on he became a shareholder of the theatre and having proved himself to be a practical and just man， he soon won the respect and love of his fellows．
d. Humanism was the keynote of the renaissance, reflecting the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. The humanists advocated the emancipation of man, and they tried to have the new evaluation of man and his powers and fought for equality and justice, opposed feudal tyranny and obscurantism and religious obstinacy.
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Divisions of his literary career: a. Period of Early Experimentation (1590-1594) b. Period of Rapid Development (1595-1600) c. Period of Gloom and Depression (1601-1607)
b. The Renaissance period is markedly by the rediscovery and study of the classics of ancient Greece and Rome, by challenge feudal obscurantism and religious dogmas, by opposing the tyranny of feudal rules.
Chapter 1
The English Renaissance (1500-1625)
1. The renaissance in the world
a. It originated in Italy in the 14-th century when the art, literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were discovered and widely studied and came to a flowery in the 15-th century and later spread to France, Germany, Spain, Holland and Belgium and England in the 16-th century.
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William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman(高级市政官) and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. At the age of seven Shakespeare was sent to the local grammar school which he attended for six years．Besides reading and writing he was taught Latin and Greek． In 1577 he was taken from the school and for some time had to help his father in the trade．
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Thomas More (1478-1535)

Utopia 乌托邦（P3）
Utopia is More‘s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book is described in detail an ideal communist society, Utopia. The name ―Utopia‖ comes from two Greek words meaning ―no place‖ and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.
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More’s limitation
1. The existence of slave in Utopia shows the feature of exploited classes （被剥削阶级）.