英国文学8.2-Renaissance_文艺复兴

2.
IV. Major Authors and Works (1)
1. William Shakespeare and his Works
Tragedies - Hamlet - Macbeth - Othello - King Lear
Comedies: -A Midsummer Night’s dream -Much Ado About Nothing -The Merchant of Venice
Shall I /compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer's day?
Thou art/ more love/ly and /more tem/perate: Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May, And sum/mer's lease/ hath all/ too short/ a date: Sometime/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shines, And often/ is his/ gold com/plexion/ dimm'd; And eve/ry fair/ from fair/ sometime/ declines, By chance/ or na/ture's chan/ging course/ untrimm'd But thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fade Nor lose/ posse/ssion of /that fair/ thou ow’st; Nor shall/ Death brag/ thou wan/der'st in/ his shade, When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou growest: So long/ as men/ can breathe/ or eyes/ can see, So long/ lives this/ and this/ gives life/ to thee.
Sonnet 18
1. 2. 3. 4. Voice: eternity of love and poetry Sound:
• • iambic pentameter amat: sonnet Structure:
• • • • Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3: Stanza 4: You are beautiful. Beauty could not fight against time. Your beauty is eternal in my poem. Poetry is eternal.
Edmond Spencer’s Significance:
The Poets’ Poet • • • • •
Perfect Melody Rare Sense of Beauty Splendid Imagination Lofty Moral Purity and Seriousness Dedicated Idealism
夏日怎能与妳譬喻比拟
妳的可爱温和夏日难及 五月花蕾恶风吹袭落地 夏日租约倏忽转瞬到期 有时天眼高灼炎炎难耐 更见乌云常蔽金色面容 古今红颜难逃红颜色衰 命运无常季候欺凌作弄 妳的永恒夏日却将长存 美貌红颜必也永世不减 死神难夸妳为地府美人 因妳芳名已成不朽诗篇
除非人世已经灭绝无生
此诗必将永传与汝永恒
IV. Major Authors and Works (2)
2. Edmund Spenser and his ― The Faerie Queene‖
Spenser, published first in three books in 1590, and later in six books in 1596. The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it was the first work written in Spenserian stanza. It is an allegorical work, written in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. Largely symbolic, the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues. and was consequently a success, to the extent that it became Spenser's defining work. A measure of the favour which the poem found with the monarch is that Spenser was granted a pension for life on account of it (50 pounds a year). The work found great acclamation among critics and has been the subject of many analyses.
History plays: -Richard II, III -Henry IV, V, VI, VIII -Antony and Cleopatra -Julius Caesar
Poems and Sonnets (154)
Shakespeare's Points of View • Humanism • Power of Love Shakespeare’s Significance • Drama – Lively Plot – Profound Themes • Poetry: Sonnet (Love Poem) – Shakespearean Sonnet: abab cdcd efef gg – Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet: abba, abba, cdecde or cdcdcd • Language – Medieval English
As it was published in 1596, the epic presented the following virtues: Book I: Holiness Book II: Temperance Book III: Chastity Book IV: Friendship Book V: Justice Book VI: Courtesy
In addition to these six virtues, the Letter to Raleigh suggests that Arthur represents the virtues of Magnificence, which ("according to Aristotle and the rest") is "the perfection of all the rest, and conteineth in it them all"; and that the Faerie Queene herself represents Glory (hence her name, Gloriana).
The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund
The Faerie Queene found political favour with Elizabeth I
A letter written by Spenser to Sir Walter Raleigh in 1589 contains an early plan for The Faerie Queene, in which Spenser describes the allegorical presentation of virtues through Arthurian knights in the mythical "Faerieland." Presented as a preface to the epic in most published editions, this letter outlines plans for 24 books: 12 based each on a different knight who exemplified one of 12 "private virtues", and a possible 12 more centered on King Arthur displaying twelve "public virtues". Spenser names Aristotle as his source for these virtues, although the influence of Thomas Aquinas can be observed as well. It is impossible to predict what the work would have looked like had Spenser lived to complete it, but the reliability of the predictions made in his letter to Raleigh is not absolute, as numerous divergences from that scheme emerged as early as 1590, in the first Faerie Queene publication.
Chapter I
Renaissance
I. Time: the 14th – mid-17th centuries II. Influences
1. Renaissance in Europe