上海市各区2017届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.
The students are from Cornell University in the
state of New York. They are taking part in a
competition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is a
program of NASA, the American space agency. The
Cornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. The
word cislunar means “between the earth and the
moon.”
The challenge is simple: to design, build and
deliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASA off icials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”
Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.
The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”
The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and
oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.
The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.
The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.
63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.
A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moon
B. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satellite
C. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moon
D. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon
64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?
A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.
B. To use something already in space as power.
C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.
D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these days
B. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moon
C. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides power
D. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck
66. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. A Spacecraft Powered by Water
B. A Water-Powered Flight to the Moon
C. A Competition for Water-Powered Satellite
D. A Design of Water-Powered Space Journey
Keys: 63-66: DBCA
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(C)
①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?
②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.
③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the c ountry by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.
④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.
⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.
⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.
63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.
A. it makes perfect use of animal protein
B. it uses high tech in the making process
C. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burger
D. it represents the diet trend in South California
64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?
A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.
B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.
C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.
D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.
65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.
B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.
C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.
D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.
66. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.
B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.
C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.
D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.
Keys: 63-66 CCAB
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.
Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.
The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.
Finding a sidekick
Now comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s
house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.
Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.
63. On what occasion did the author write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.
B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.
64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes.
B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Toboso.
D. Sancho Panza.
65.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.
B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.
C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.
D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.
66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .
A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary icon
B.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroic
C. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.
D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to life
Keys:63—66 DBAC
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(C)
Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.
There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.
Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved:
how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.
62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?
A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.
B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.
C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.
D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.
63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework u pon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.
A. their tutors are not always available to support them
B. they are born without the ability to deal with concepts
C. their family circumstances limit their learning ability
D. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress
64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.
A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachers
B. blocks teachers from knowing more about their students
C. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachers
D. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work
65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.
B. Parents need to s tand away from their children’s homework.
C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.
D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’ first concern.
66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A. Are you ready for homework yet?
B. Is there a way out for homework?
C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.
D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.
Keys:62-66 CCBAB
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C）
Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.
Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.
State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.
Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at
risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.
Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.
In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.
61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .
A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USA
B.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USA
C.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964
D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies
62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.
B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.
C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.
D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.
65.What is the author most concerned about?
A.The expanding of the gambling industry.
B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.
C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.
D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.
66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream" means _________ .
A. wonderful idea
B. creative idea
C. unworkable plan
D. practical plan KEYS: 63-66 BBCC
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
Books, Films and Plays
The novelist’s medium is the written word. O ne might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.
However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice
of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.
In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.
63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.
A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to follow
B. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their work
C. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independent
D. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria
64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?
A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.
B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.
C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.
D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.
65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?
A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.
B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.
C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.
D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.
66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.
B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.
C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.
D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.
KEYS: 63-66 CCDC
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（C）
Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.
But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.
As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.
Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.
The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.
The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55 The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.。