2007普化过控 A4试题(A)
2007普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学试卷参考答案
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学试卷参考答案一、选择题(本题共10分),每小题2分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
1.B2.C3.D4.C5.B二、选择题(本题共36分),每小题3分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
6.B 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.A11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D16.D 17.B三、选择题(本题共20分),每小题4分,每小题有一个或两个正确选项。
只有一个正确选项的,多选不给分;有两个正确选项的,选对一个给2分,选错一个该小题不给分,答案涂写在答题纸上。
18.D19.AD20.B21.BD22.AC四、(本题共24分)23.(A)(1)6 14C6(2)(3)Cl b(4)H2CO3弱酸性或非氧化性酸(B)(1)(2)H++AlO2-+H2O Al(OH)3Al3++3OH-(3)F c(4)Al 具有金属性24.(1)14HNO3+3Cu2O→6Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+7H2O(2)酸性氧化性(3)0.6mol(4)使用了较浓的硝酸,产物中有部分二氧化氮生成25.(1)K=c(CH3OH)/c(CO)·c2(H2)减小(2)2n B/3t B mol·(L·min)-1(3)BC(4)Cu2O+CO2Cu+CO2五、(本题共24分)26.(A)(1)a、b(2)干燥气体控制氢气和氮气的流速(3)不会因为混合气体中含有大量难溶于水的氮、氢两种气体(4)说明氨的氧化反应是一个放热反应有红棕色气体产生(5)4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O(6)NH4+NO3-(B)(1)C E B(2)A B(3)蒸发过滤(4)产生等量胆矾途径II消耗硫酸少途径II不会产生污染大气的气体(5)4(6)a27.(1)CaCO3NH3H2O(2)CaSO4+CO32-→CaCO3+SO42-(3)CaSO4(4)滤液中滴加盐酸产生气泡(5)54g(6)A D(7)碳酸钙用于制水泥原料、硫酸钙和氯化钾转化为硫酸钾和氯化钙、氨在工艺中循环使用等(原子利用率高,没有有害物质排放到环境中)六、(本题共20分)28.(1)C4H4 1(2)d(3)(4)29.(1)加成反应取代反应(2)NaOH/醇溶液(或KOH醇溶液)NaOH/水溶液(3)防止双键被氧化(4)CH2=CHCH2Br+HBr→CH2Br—CH2—CH2Br(5)HOCH2CHClCH2CHO或OHCCHClCH2CHO或OHCCHClCH2COOH 新制氢氧化铜悬浊液(6)七、(本题共16分)31.(1)28.2g(2)96.25% (3)71g(4)K x O y+x/2CO2→x/2K2CO3+(y-0.5x)O239x+16y 11.2(y-0.5x)6.3 1.12解得x:y=2:3 即n(K):n(O)=2:3即得化学式为:(KO2与K2O22:1)(KO与K2O 4:1)。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案-上海卷
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (上海卷)英语试卷本试卷分为第I 卷和第II卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷考生注意:1.答第I卷前,考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、交验码,并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。
2. 第I卷(1-16小题和25-84小题)由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-24小题和第II卷的试题,其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上,如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上一律不给分。
I. listening comprehensionPart A: Short ConversationDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea. D. Water.2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. C. At a concert. D. At a theatre.3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Depressed.4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns’ son. C. The postman. D. The neighbour.5. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C. She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.7. A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned.B. The keyboard also needs cleaning.C. The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D. There’s not enough time to clean both.8. A. The driver will stop the bus immediately.B. The guy by the door will help the woman.C. The woman should check the map.D. He will tell the woman when to get off.9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening.C. She doesn’t feel like going out.D. She has to get theatre tickets.10. A. They can’t see the stars clearly.B. They’re not in the city tonight.C. They’re looking at the stars from the city.D. They’re talking about movie stars.Part B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding.C. It is dangerous but exciting.D. It has its moving moment.12. A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured.C. Karen was physically hurt.D. Many buildings exploded.13. A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury.C. A terrible explosion.D. A brave journalist.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas.B. More and more rural residents have Internet access.C. People have a limited choice on Internet providers.D. City residents use the Internet frequently.15. A. Over 2 million. B. Around 6 million. C. 23 million. D. 17 million.16. A. More girls have their own websites than boys.B. 1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home.C. Most kids think they get too little time online at school.D. Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.A. onB. fromC. byD. in26. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully28. --- Did you tidy your room?--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.--- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered31. --- How was the televised debate last night?--- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was!A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade36. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.A. thoughB. beforeC. untilD. if39. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where40. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentallyD. irregularly43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drillB. actionC. regulationD. routine44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job.A. informalB. casualC. determinedD. earnestIII. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole —such as child-centred learning, the “discovery”method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils —there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able groups are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharingIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them mere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one mat fits best according to me information given in me passage you have just read.(A)What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream —as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道).Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No —there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someonewanting a career in this “cool” field.In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.”While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,”he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy —working at one cool job.65. What is John Harrison’s job?A. An official.B. An ice-cream taster.C. A chemist.D. An ice-cream manufacturer.66. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the “cool field”, it is helpful to ______.A. keep a diary of workB. have a degree in related subjectsC. have new ideas every dayD. find out new flavors each day67. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?A. He stirs the ice cream.B. He examines the color of the ice cream.C. He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.D. He lets the ice cream warm up.68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A. Tasting with EyesB. Flavors of Ice CreamC. John Harrison’s LifeD. One Cool Job(B)69. The Fresh Water series at 9 PM ________.A. explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in themB. is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the worldC. explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earthD. focuses on the deepest river on the planet70. The phrase “stow away” most probably means “_________”.A. hide secretlyB. talk excitedlyC. operate easilyD. guide successfully71. A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on ______.A. BBC1B. BBC2C. ITV1D. Channel 4(C)Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a “forever stamp,” it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or-3-cent stamps to make up postage differences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, “forever stamps” will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new “forever stamp”is the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increases will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and therising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the “forever stamp”and the savings from not printing as many 2-or-3-cent stamps. “It’s not your grandfather’s stamp,”says Mr. Saunders. “It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp.”Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he’s interested in the public’s reaction. “This is an entirely new class of stamps.” Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich —the volume printed will be too large for collectors. “We won’t be able to send our kids to college on these,” he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission’s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.72. The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp” is ______.A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or-3-cent stampsB. to help save the consumers’ cost on first-class mailingC. to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD. to compete with online bill paying73. By saying “It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr. Saunders means that foreverstamps ________.A. could be collected by one’s great-grandchildrenB. might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s handsC. might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathersD. could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later74. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C. The design of the “forever stamp” remains to be revealed.D. 2-or-3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.75. What can be concluded from the passage?A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps.C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.(D)The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again.In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers,a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made ofcardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards.They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.76. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for disaster relief77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______.A. independently with an interest-free loan from MintB. with the approval of the City’s administrationC. in partnership with a finance groupD. with the help of a Japanese architect78. It is implied in the passage that _______.A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summerB. most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailoredD. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB. some efforts at making full use of cardboardsC. an unusual success of a graduation projectD. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hardif I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to 81.Yes. We ’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven ’t maintained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs. Young people haven ’t been able to equate romance and talent with music. For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good. How they sound is secondary. Sarah Vaughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald — those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn ’t make it in today ’s 82. cadence of their language. I’d call it folk music. When I’m away from home, I make a point of ’s on the radio.83 The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming. Even the pop music that ’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, that underscore of funk. As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. Any music that doesn ’t have a development section just isn ’t interesting to 84. The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it. Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don ’t cover it unless it ’s a big name. new jazz musicians don ’t get much of break. A lot of editors don ’t say anything about jazz these days unless it ’s Marsalis. That ’s a shame. What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal. They ’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids. It ’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.第II 卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、 他们的新房子离学校很远。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(甲卷)(含答案并可下载
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(甲卷)(含答案并可下载)绝密★启用前2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页,第Ⅱ卷5至12页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
3.本试卷共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
一、(12分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A.数.落( shǔ) 多财善贾.(ɡǔ) 传.记( zhuàn) 杳.无音信( miǎo) B.毗.邻( bì) 前后相属.( zhǔ) 侍.候( shì)洁身自好.( hào)C.便笺.( qiān ) 人才济.济( jǐ) 静谧.( mì) 博闻强识.( zhì) D.混淆.( xiáo) 信手拈.来( niān ) 徜.徉( chánɡ)稳操胜券.( quàn) 2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一句是A.在这次举办的“当代书法艺术展”上,各种书体与风格的作品等量齐观....,保证了展览的专业性与流派的代表性。
B.近年来,随着流域经济的快速发展,松花江污染问题也日渐严重,因此恢复松花江的生态功能间不容发....。
C.在今年的“排队推动日”活动中,虽仍有凤毛麟角....的几个“不自觉者”,但广大市民不论乘车还是购物都能自觉排队。
D.听说这家晚报和当地电信部门将联合举办高校招生大型电话咨询会,请有关专家答疑解惑,考生和家长都喜出望外....。
3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是A.这篇文章介绍了传统相声所用的押韵、谐音、摹声等方面的详细的语音技巧和表达效果,内容丰富,饶有趣味。
2007年连云港市高中段学校招生统一考试化学试卷参考答案
2007年连云港市高中段学校招生统一考试化学试卷参考答案一、选择题(本题包括20小题,每小题2分,共40分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意)二、(本题包括 4小题,共 15分)21.(3分)(1)K ,(2)Cl —,(3)1分)22.(4分)(1)KNO 3(2)NaCl (3)CaCO 3(4)NaOH (每空1分)23.(4分)(1)C(2)直接将pH 试纸放入玻璃杯的水样中是错误的;在白瓷板或玻璃片上放一小片pH 试纸,分别将水样滴到试纸上,把试纸显示的颜色与标准比色卡比较即可得出水样的pH(3)不能(每空1分)24.(4分)(1)40 , (2) 0~20℃,(3)A 、D [(3)2分外,其余每空1分]三、(本题包括 2小题,共 15分) 25.(7分)(1)化石,CH 4 + 2 O 2 +2H 2O (2)吸附(3)空气(或氧气和水)(4)节省石油资源,减少汽车尾气的污染;随手关灯(或其他节约用电、使用节能灶具等,或其他合理答案)(每空1分)26.(8分)(1)H 2O Ca (OH OH )2 H 2 C(2)①NaHCO 32↑+ H 2O ② Fe 2O 3 + 3CO === 3CO 2 +2 Fe③ CO 2+ Ca (OH )2 ==CaCO 3↓+ H 2O 或 CO 2+ Ba (OH )2 ==BaCO 3↓+ H 2O ④ NaCl + AgNO 3 ==AgCl ↓+NaNO 3(每空1分)四、(本题包括 3小题,共23分) 27.(7分)(1)试管, 集气瓶(2)B , C , 2H 2O 2 ====== 2H 2O + O 2↑(3)CO 2,CaCO 3 + 2HCl ===== CaCl 2 + H 2O + CO 2↑ 或H 2,Zn + H 2SO 4 ===== ZnSO 4 + H 2↑(每空1分)28.(4分)(1)没有用玻璃棒搅拌(2)生成了二氧化碳气体,将木炭换成红磷或将水槽中的水换成氢氧化钠溶液 (3)二(每空1分)29.(12分)(1)Zn (NO 3)2 , Zn (NO 3)2和 AgNO 3(每空1分)(2)若猜想②成立,说明已Fe (NO 3)2与Zn 反应生成Fe ,而 Fe 会与过滤前的溶液中AgNO 3反应,因此Zn 先与Fe (NO 3)2反应不可能,从而排除猜想②。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)化学试卷参考答案
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)化学试卷参考答案一、单项选择题:本题包括8小题,每小题4分,共计32分。
1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.D二、不定项选择题:本题包括8小题,每小题4分,共计32分。
9.C10.D11.BC12.B13.BD14.A15.CD16.AD三、本题包括2小题,共计22分。
17.(10分)(1)①偏高②无影响③B ④无粉红(或浅红)(2)18.85%18.(12分)(1)增大乙醇的浓度移去生成物(2)原料来不及反应就被蒸出温度过高,发生了副反应冷凝效果不好,部分产物挥发了(任填两种)(3)产生大量的酸性废液(或造成环境污染)部分原料炭化催化剂重复使用困难催化效果不理想(任填两种)(4)①C ②乙醇脱水生成了乙醚四、本题包括2小题,共计18分。
19.(8分)NH OH-(1)H2O NH34(2)()33243Al ++3NH +3H O=Al OH 3NH +↓+Al 3++3NH 3+3H 2O()23242222Mg NH H O Mg OH NH ++++=↓+20.(10分)(1)NH 4Cl ....2....[::][::]Cl Ca Cl -+- (2)()32232632Ca N H O Ca OH NH +=+↑(3)Cl 2+2OH -=ClO -+Cl -+H 2O五、本题包括1小题,共计10分。
21.(10分)(1)2H 2SO 3+0===2H 2SO 4 2(NH 4)2SO 3+O 2===2(NH 4)2SO 42NH 4HSO 3+O 2===2NH 4HSO 4(任填两个)(2)①反应吸热②(NH 4)2SO 3·H 2O ③防止亚硫酸铵被氧化(3)BC六、本题包括2小题,共计18分。
22.(8分)(1)加成反应 氧化反应 还原反应(2)3322NaOH CH CHO CH CH CHCHO H O ∆−−−−→=+溶液 (3)23.(10分) (1)(2)(3)5七、本题包括2小题,共计18分。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(海南卷)化学试卷参考答案
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(海南卷)化学试卷参考答案第I卷一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题3分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的。
1.B2.B3.C4.B5.C6.D7.A8.A9.D10.D11.A12.A第II卷二、本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。
第13题~第17题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须做答。
第18题~第29题为选考题,考生根据要求做答。
13.(1)Si Ar(2)K F(3)铝(或Al)2A l(O H)3 + 3H2SO4==Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2OA l(O H)3 + KOH==KAlO2 +2H2O(4)在NaBr溶液中通入氯气(或加入氯水),溶液液变红棕色(或橙色)。
14.(1)Cu AgNO3(2)正极Ag+ +e-=Ag↓Cu-2e-=Cu2+(3)X Ag15.(1)C2H6O(2)2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2↑(3)CH3CHO(4)Z为CH3COOH,与X反应的化学方程式为CH3COOH + C2H5OH 浓硫酸△CH3COOH + H2O已知n (CH3COOH)==120g60g·mol-1=2moln (C2H5OH)==184g46g·mol-1> 2mol所以乙醇过量,应以乙酸计算产率2mol乙酸完全酯化可生成乙酸乙酯2mol×88g·mol-1=176g 所以该反应的产率为106g176g×100%=60.2%16.(1)K==c(PCl3)·c(Cl2)c(PCl5)(2)PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+ Cl2(g)c(起始)(mol/L)2.0010.0=0.200 0 0c(变化)(mol/L)0.150 0.150 0.150 c(平衡)(mol/L)0.050 0.150 0.150所以平衡常数K==c(PCl3)·c(Cl2)c(PCl5)=0.150×0.1500.050=0.4517.(1)固体反应物的表面积表面积越大1和2(2)3和4(3)开始反应温度6和7(4)一定量的金属跟足量的硫酸反应放出的热量相同。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标)参考答案
1PD CBAAOSCB2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B7.C8.B9.C10.D11.D12.B13.3 14.1 15.44i - 16.121.【解析】由{}{}|1|22A x x B x x =>-=-<<,,可得A B = {}|2x x >-.答案:A 2.【解析】p ⌝是对p 的否定,故有:,x ∃∈R sin 1.x >答案:C3.【解析】π3()sin 2,32f ππ⎛⎫=-=- ⎪⎝⎭排除B、D,π()sin 20,663f ππ⎛⎫=⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭排除C。
也可由五点法作图验证。
答案:A 4.【解析】1322-=a b (12).-,答案:D 5.【解析】由程序知,15021222502502550.2S +=⨯+⨯++⨯=⨯⨯= 答案:C 6.【解析】曲线223y x x =-+的顶点是(12),,则:1, 2.b c ==由a b c d ,,,成等比数列知,12 2.ad bc ==⨯=答案:B7.【解析】由抛物线定义,2132()()(),222p p px x x +=+++即:2132FP FP FP =+.答案:C 8.【解析】如图,18000202020.33V =⨯⨯⨯=答案:B(8题图) (11题图)9.【解析】22cos 2cos sin 22(sin cos ),π22sin (sin cos )42αααααααα-==-+=-⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭1cos sin .2αα⇒+=答案C10.【解析】:(),x x y e e ''⇒==曲线在点2(2)e ,处的切线斜率为2e ,因此切线方程为22(2),y e e x -=-2C BFAOyx则切线与坐标轴交点为2(1,0),(0,),A B e -所以:2211.22AOBe S e ∆=⨯⨯=答案:D 11.【解析】如图,2,90,2,AB r ACB BC r ⇒=∠==3111122,3323ABC V SO S r r r r ∆∴=⨯⨯=⋅⋅⋅⋅=三棱锥 333441,::4.333V r V V r r πππ=∴==球球三棱锥答案:D12.【解析】(78910)58.5,20x +++⨯== 甲2222215[(78.5)(88.5)(98.5)(108.5)]1.25,20s ⨯-+-+-+-== (710)6(89)48.5,20x +⨯++⨯==乙2222226[(78.5)(108.5)]4[(88.5)(98.5)]1.45,20s ⨯-+-+⨯-+-== (710)4(89)68.5,20x +⨯++⨯==丙2222234[(78.5)(108.5)]6[(88.5)(98.5)]1.05,20s ⨯-+-+⨯-+-== 22213213.s s s s s s >>>>2由得 答案:B13.【解析】如图,过双曲线的顶点A 、焦点F 分别向其渐近线作垂线, 垂足分别为B 、C ,则:||||63.||||2OF FC c OA AB a =⇒== 答案:3 14.【解析】(1)(1)2(1)0, 1.f f a a =-⇒+=∴=- 答案:-1 15.【解析】238i 2i 3i 8i i -2-3i +4+5i -6+7i +8=4-4i.++++= 答案:44i -16.【解析】46563,a a a +=⇒=1515135510 1.22a a a S a ++=⨯=⨯=⇒= 511.512a a d -∴==-答案:1217.解:在BCD △中,πCBD αβ∠=--.由正弦定理得sin sin BC CDBDC CBD=∠∠.所以sin sin sin sin()CD BDC s BC CBD βαβ∠==∠+·.在ABC Rt △中,tan sin tan sin()s AB BC ACB θβαβ=∠=+·.318.解:(Ⅰ)取AB 的中点E ,连结DE CE ,,因为ADB 是等边三角形,所以DE AB ⊥.当平面ADB ⊥平面ABC 时,因为平面ADB 平面ABC AB =,所以DE ⊥平面ABC ,可知DE CE ⊥ 由已知可得31DE EC ==,,在DEC Rt △中,222CD DE EC =+=.(Ⅱ)当ADB △以AB 为轴转动时,总有AB CD ⊥. 证明:(ⅰ)当D 在平面ABC 内时,因为AC BC AD BD ==,,所以C D ,都在线段AB 的垂直平分线上,即AB CD ⊥.(ⅱ)当D 不在平面ABC 内时,由(Ⅰ)知AB DE ⊥.又因AC BC =,所以AB CE ⊥. 又DE CE ,为相交直线,所以AB ⊥平面CDE ,由CD ⊂平面CDE ,得AB CD ⊥. 综上所述,总有AB CD ⊥.19.解:()f x 的定义域为32⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭,∞.(Ⅰ)224622(21)(1)()2232323x x x x f x x x x x ++++'=+==+++. 当312x -<<-时,()0f x '>;当112x -<<-时,()0f x '<;当12x >-时,()0f x '>.从而,()f x 分别在区间312⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭,,12⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭,∞单调增加,在区间112⎛⎫--⎪⎝⎭,单调减少. (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知()f x 在区间3144⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦,的最小值为11ln 224f ⎛⎫-=+ ⎪⎝⎭.又31397131149lnln ln 1ln 442162167226f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--=+--=+=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭0<. 所以()f x 在区间3144⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦,的最大值为117ln 4162f ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭.20.解:设事件A 为“方程2220a ax b ++=有实根”.当0a >,0b >时,方程2220x ax b ++=有实根的充要条件为a b ≥.(Ⅰ)基本事件共12个:(00)(01)(02)(10)(11)(12)(20)(21)(22)(30)(31)(32),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.其中第一个数表示a 的取值,第二个数表示b 的取值.事件A 中包含9个基本事件,事件A 发生的概率为93()124P A ==. (Ⅱ)试验的全部结束所构成的区域为{}()|0302a b a b ,,≤≤≤≤. 构成事件A 的区域为{}()|0302a b a b a b ,,,≤≤≤≤≥. EDBCA4所以所求的概率为2132222323⨯-⨯==⨯.21.解:(Ⅰ)圆的方程可写成22(6)4x y -+=,所以圆心为(60)Q ,,过(02)P ,且斜率为k 的直线方程为2y kx =+.代入圆方程得22(2)12320x kx x ++-+=,整理得22(1)4(3)360k x k x ++-+=.① 直线与圆交于两个不同的点A B ,等价于2222[4(3)]436(1)4(86)0k k k k ∆=--⨯+=-->, 解得304k -<<,即k 的取值范围为304⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,. (Ⅱ)设1122()()A x y B x y ,,,,则1212()OA OB x x y y +=++ ,,由方程①,1224(3)1k x x k -+=-+ ②又1212()4y y k x x +=++.③ 而(02)(60)(62)P Q PQ =-,,,,,. 所以OA OB + 与PQ 共线等价于1212()6()x x y y +=+, 将②③代入上式,解得34k =-.由(Ⅰ)知304k ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,,故没有符合题意的常数k .22.A(Ⅰ)证明:连结OP OM ,. 因为AP 与O 相切于点P ,所以OP AP ⊥. 因为M 是O 的弦BC 的中点,所以OM BC ⊥. 于是180OPA OMA ∠+∠=°.由圆心O 在PAC ∠的内部,可知四边形APOM 的对角互补,所以A P O M ,,,四点共圆. (Ⅱ)解:由(Ⅰ)得A P O M ,,,四点共圆,所以OAM OPM ∠=∠.由(Ⅰ)得OP AP ⊥.由圆心O 在PAC ∠的内部,可知90OPM APM ∠+∠=°. 所以90OAM APM ∠+∠=°. 22.B解:以极点为原点,极轴为x 轴正半轴,建立平面直角坐标系,两坐标系中取相同的长度单位.(Ⅰ)cos x ρθ=,sin y ρθ=,由4cos ρθ=得24cos ρρθ=. 所以224x y x +=.即2240x y x +-=为1O 的直角坐标方程. 同理2240x y y ++=为2O 的直角坐标方程.APO MCB5(Ⅱ)由22224040x y x x y y ⎧+-=⎪⎨++=⎪⎩,解得1100x y =⎧⎨=⎩,,2222x y =⎧⎨=-⎩. 即1O ,2O 交于点(00),和(22)-,.过交点的直线的直角坐标方程为y x =-. 22.C解:(Ⅰ)令214y x x =+--,则1521334254x x y x x x x ⎧---⎪⎪⎪=--<<⎨⎪⎪+⎪⎩, ,, ,, .≤≥...............3分作出函数214y x x =+--的图象,它与直线2y =的交点为(72)-,和523⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,.所以2142x x +-->的解集为5(7)3x x ⎛⎫--+ ⎪⎝⎭,,.(Ⅱ)由函数214y x x =+--的图像可知,当12x =-时,214y x x =+--取得最小值92-.12- O 2y =4xy。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
绝密 ★ 启用前2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
参考公式: 样本数据12,,,n x x x 的标准差锥体体积公式 222121[()()()]n s x x x x x x n=-+-++-13V Sh =其中x 为样本平均数 其中S 为底面面积,h 为高 柱体体积公式球的表面积、体积公式 V Sh =2344,3S R V R =π=π 其中S 为底面面积,h 为高其中R 为球的半径第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
(1)已知命题 :p x ∀∈R ,sin 1x,则(A ):p x ⌝∃∈R , sin 1x(B ):p x ⌝∀∈R , sin 1x(C ):p x ⌝∃∈R , sin 1x > (D ):p x ⌝∀∈R , sin 1x >(2)已知平面向量(1,1),(1,1),==-a b 则向量1322-a b =(A )(2,1)-- (B )(2,1)- (C )(1,0)- (D )(1,2)-(3)函数sin(2)3y x π=-在区间[,]2π-π的简图是(A)(B)(C)(D)(4)已知{}na是等差数列,1010a=,其前10项和1070S=,则其公差d=(A)23-(B)13-(C)13(D)23(5)如果执行右面的程序框图,那么输出的S=(A)2 450(B)2 500(C)2 550(D)2 652(6)已知抛物线22(0)y px p=>的焦点为F,点111(,)P x y、222(,)P x y、333(,)P x y在抛物线上,且2132x x x=+,则有(A)123FP FP FP+=(B)222123FP FP FP+=(C)2132FP FP FP=+(D)2213FP FP FP=⋅(7)已知0,0x y>>,,,,x a b y成等差数列,,,,x c d y成等比数列,则2()a bcd+的最小值是(A)0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)4(8)已知某个几何体的三视图如下,根据图中标出的尺寸(单位:cm),可得这个几何体的体积是(A)34000cm3(B)38000cm3(C)32000 cm开始k≤50?k=1S=S+2k输出S否是S=0k=k+1结束2020正视图侧视图20(D )34000 cm (9)若cos 2sin()4αα=π-cos sin αα+的值为 (A ) (B )12- (C )12(D (10)曲线12e x y =在点2(4,e )处的切线与坐标轴所围三角形的面积为(A )29e 2(B )24e (C )22e (D )2e(11)甲、乙、丙三名射箭运动员在某次测试中各射箭20次,三人的测试成绩如下表1s 、2s 、3s 分别表示甲、乙、丙三名运动员这次测试成绩的标准差,则有(A )312s s s >> (B )213s s s >> (C )123s s s >>(D )231s s s >>(12)一个四棱锥和一个三棱锥恰好可以拼接成一个三棱柱.这个四棱锥的底面为正方形,且底面边长与各侧棱长相等,这个三棱锥的底面边长与各侧棱长也都相等. 设四棱锥、三棱锥、三棱柱的高分别为h 1、h 2、h ,则 h 1﹕h 2﹕h = (A 1﹕1 (B 2﹕2 (C ﹕2 (D 2第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。
2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷参考答案
2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷参考答案第Ⅰ卷1.D2.A3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.B10.B11.C12.C13.D14.B15.A 16.D17.Blair 18.Friday 19.513 0318 20.Italian21.Food Hill 22.in another world 23.electricity24.customers and sales 听力评分标准1.17-24题,每小题1分。
2.17、18、19、20、23题,每拼错/漏写/误写一个单词扣1分。
3.21、22、24题,每拼错/漏写/误写一个单词扣0.5分。
4.17、18、22题首字母必须大写,否则扣1分,其余大小写均不扣分。
第二大题至第三大题,每小题1分。
共40分。
25.D 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.C30.D 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.A35.D 36.C 37.A 38.D 39.B40.D 41.C 42.C 43.D 44.B45.D 46.C 47.A 48.C 49.A50.B 51.B 52.D 53.A 54.B55.B 56.A 57.C 58.A 59.C60.C 61.D 62.B 63.D 64.A第四大题第65至79小题,每题2分;第80至84小题,每题1分。
共35分。
65.B 66.B 67.D 68.D 69.A70.A 71.C 72.C 73.D 74.C75.A 76.B 77.C 78.C 79.A80.B 81.A 82.C 83.F 84.E第Ⅱ卷(共45分)Ⅰ.翻译共20分。
参考答案(仅供阅卷老师参考)1.Their new house is far from the school.2.Don’t leave the light on when you are not in the room.3.I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.4.Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.5.No matter how hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts.6.Doctors door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.评分标准1.第1~4题,每题3分。
2007年高考全国一卷化学试题
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)化学试题一、选择题(本题共13小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)6. 下列有关环境问题的说法正确的是( )A. 燃煤时加入适量石灰石,可减少废气中SO2的量B. 臭氧的体积分数超过10-4%的空气有利于人体健康C. pH在5.6~7.0之间的降水通常称为酸雨D. 含磷合成洗涤剂易于被细菌分解,故不会导致水体污染7. 室温时,下列混合溶液的pH一定小于7的是( )A. pH=3的盐酸和pH=11的氨水等何种混合B. pH=3的盐酸和pH=11的氢氧化钡溶液等体积混合C. pH=3的醋酸和pH=11的氢氧化钡溶液等体积混合D. pH=3的硫酸和pH=11的的氨水等体积混合8. 以惰性电极电解CuSO4溶液,若阳极上产生的气体的物质的量为0.0100 mol,则阳极上析出Cu的质量为( )A. 0.64 gB. 1.28 gC. 2.56 gD. 5.12g9. 在三个密闭容器中分别充入Ne,H2,O2三种气体,当他们的温度和密度都相同时,这三种气体的压强(p),从大到小的顺序是( )A. p(Ne)>p(H2)>p(O2)B. p(O2)> p(Ne)> p(H2)C. p(H2)> p(O2)> p(Ne)D. p(H2)> p(Ne)> p(O2)10. 已知氧气还原反应2Cu(IO3)2+24KI+12H2SO4=2CuI4+13I2+12K2SO4+12H2O 其中1mol氧化剂在反应中得到的电子为( )A. 10 molB. 11 molC. 12 molD. 13 mol11. 等物质的量的下列化合物在相应条件下完全分解后得到氧气最多的是( )A. KClO3(加MnO2催化剂,加热)B. KMnO4加热C. H2O2(水溶液,加MnO2催化剂)D. HgO(加热)12. 某有机化合物仅由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成,其相对分子质量小于150,若已知其中氧的质量分数为50%,则分子中碳原子的个数最多为( )A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 713. 右图是恒温下某化学反应的反应速率随反应时间变化的示意图。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)化学试卷
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)化学试卷可能用到的原子量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Mn 55 Fe 56 Pt 195第Ⅰ卷选择题(共70分)一、选择题(本题包括10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
每小题只有..1.个.选项符合题意)1.铋(Bi)在医药方面有重要应用。
下列关于20983Bi和21083Bi的说法正确的是A.20983Bi和21083Bi都含有83个中子B.20983Bi和21083Bi互为同位素C.20983Bi和21083Bi的核外电子数不同D.20983Bi和21083Bi分别含有126和127个质子2.下列可用于测定溶液pH且精确度最高的是A.酸碱指示剂B.pH计C.精密pH试纸D.广泛pH试纸3.下列叙述正确的是A.48gO3气体含有6.02×1023个O3分子B.常温常压下,4.6gNO2气体含有1.81×1023个NO2分子C.0.5mol·L-1CuCl2溶液中含有3.01×1023个Cu2+D.标准状况下,33.6LH2O含有9.03×1023个H2O分子4.许多国家十分重视海水资源的综合利用。
不需要化学变化就能够从海水中获得的物质是A.氯、溴、碘B.钠、镁、铝C.烧碱、氢气D.食盐、淡水5.氯气是一种重要的工业原料。
工业上利用反应在3Cl2+2NH3=N2+6HCl检查氯气管道是否漏气。
下列说法错误..的是A.若管道漏气遇氨就会产生白烟B.该反应利用了Cl2的强氧化性C.该反应属于复分解反应D.生成1molN2有6mol电子转移6.下列说法正确的是A.硅材料广泛用于光纤通讯B.工艺师利用盐酸刻蚀石英制作艺术品C.水晶项链和餐桌上的瓷盘都是硅酸盐制品D.粗硅制备单晶硅不涉及氧化还原反应7.下列说法中正确的是A.石油裂解可以得到氯乙烯B.油脂水解可得到氨基酸和甘油C.所有烷烃和蛋白质中都存在碳碳单键D.淀粉和纤维素的组成都是(C6H10O5)n,水解最终产物都是葡萄糖8.下列符合化学实验“绿色化”的有:①在萃取操作的演示实验中,将CCl4萃取溴水改为CCl4萃取碘水②在铜和浓硝酸反应的实验中,将铜片改为可调节高度的铜丝③将实验室的废酸液和废碱液中和后再排放A.①②B.①③C.②③D.①②③9.科学家近年来研制出一种新型细菌燃料电池,利用细菌将有机物转化为氢气,氢气进入以磷酸为电解质的燃料电池发电。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科数学(必修+选修II)注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共4页,总分150分考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前,考生须将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在本试题卷指定的位置上。
3. 选择题的每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上的对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,不能答在试题卷上。
4. 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米的黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡上书写,字体工整,笔迹清楚。
5. 非选择题必须按照题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域或在其它题的答题区域内书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、本试题卷上答题无效。
6. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I 卷(选择题)本卷共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题意要求的。
参考公式:如果事件A B ,互斥,那么 球的表面积公式()()()P A B P A P B +=+24πS R =如果事件A B ,相互独立,那么其中R 表示球的半径 ()()()P A B P A P B ⋅=⋅球的体积公式如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是p ,那么34π3V R =n 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率其中R 表示球的半径()(1)(012)k k n k n n P k C p p k n -=-=,,,…,一、选择题1.sin 210=( )A .32B .32-C .12D .12-2.函数sin y x =的一个单调增区间是( )A .ππ⎛⎫- ⎪44⎝⎭,B .3ππ⎛⎫ ⎪44⎝⎭,C .3π⎛⎫π ⎪2⎝⎭,D .32π⎛⎫π⎪2⎝⎭,3.设复数z 满足12ii z+=,则z =( ) A .2i -+ B .2i -- C .2i -D .2i + 4.下列四个数中最大的是( )A .2(ln 2)B .ln(ln 2)C .ln 2D .ln 25.在ABC △中,已知D 是AB 边上一点,若123AD DB CD CA CB λ==+,,则λ=( )A .23B .13C .13-D .23-6.不等式2104x x ->-的解集是( ) A .(21)-,B .(2)+∞,C .(21)(2)-+∞,, D .(2)(1)-∞-+∞,,7.已知正三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧棱长与底面边长相等,则1AB 与侧面11ACC A 所成角的正弦值等于( ) A .64B .104C .22D .328.已知曲线23ln 4x y x =-的一条切线的斜率为12,则切点的横坐标为( ) A .3B .2C .1D .129.把函数e xy =的图像按向量(23)=,a 平移,得到()y f x =的图像,则()f x =( )A .3e2x -+ B .3e2x +- C .2e3x -+ D .2e3x +-10.从5位同学中选派4位同学在星期五、星期六、星期日参加公益活动,每人一天,要求星期五有2人参加,星期六、星期日各有1人参加,则不同的选派方法共有( ) A .40种 B .60种 C .100种 D .120种11.设12F F ,分别是双曲线2222x y a b-的左、右焦点,若双曲线上存在点A ,使1290F AF ∠=且123AF AF =,则双曲线的离心率为( )A .52B .102C .152D .512.设F 为抛物线24y x =的焦点,A B C ,,为该抛物线上三点,若0FA FB FC ++=,则FA FB FC ++=( ) A .9B .6C .4D .3第II 卷(非选择题)本卷共10题,共90分。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试化学试卷及答案-江苏卷
化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Si 28S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80一、单项选择题:本题包括8小题,每小题4分。
共计32分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1.据估计,地球上的绿色植物通过光合作用每年能结合来自CO 2中的碳1500亿吨和来自水中 的氢250亿吨,并释放4000亿吨氧气。
光合作用的过程一般可用下式表示:下列说法不.正确的是 A .某些无机物通过光合作用可转化为有机物 B .碳水化合物就是碳和水组成的化合物 C .叶绿素是光合作用的催化剂 D .增加植被,保护环境是人类生存的需要 2. 下列叙述正确的是A .聚丙烯的结构简式为: —[CH 2-CH 2-CH 2—] nB .石英的化学式为:CaSiO 3C .在CS 2、PCl 3中各原子最外层均能达到8电子的稳定结构D .Ar 原子的结构示意图为 +202 88 3.三聚氰酸[C 3N 3(OH)3]可用于消除汽车尾气中的NO 2。
其反应原理为:C 3N 3(OH)3 ====△ 3HNCO ; 8HNCO+6NO 2 ====△7N 2+8CO 2+4H 2O下列说法正确的是A .C 3N 3(OH)3与HNCO 为同一物质B .HNCO 是一种很强的氧化剂C .1 molNO 2在反应中转移的电子为4molD .反应中NO 2是还原剂 4.下列说法正确的是A .原子晶体中只存在非极性共价键B .稀有气体形成的晶体属于分子晶体C .干冰升华时,分子内共价键会发生断裂D .金属元素和非金属元素形成的化合物一定是离子化合物 5.下列有关实验的说法正确的是A .除去铁粉中混有的少量铝粉。
可加人过量的氢氧化钠溶液,完全反应后过滤B .为测定熔融氢氧化钠的导电性,可在瓷坩埚中熔化氢氧化钠固体后进行测量C .制备Fe(OH)3胶体,通常是将Fe(OH)3固体溶于热水中D .某溶液中加入盐酸能产生使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体,则该溶液中一定含有CO 32-6. 向存在大量Na +、Cl -的溶液中通入足量的NH 3后,该溶液中还可能大量存在的离子组是A .K +、Br -、CO 32-B .Al 3+、H +、MnO 4-光能叶绿素 (蛋白质、碳水化台物、脂肪等)+O 2CO 2 + H 2O + 微量元素(P 、N 等)44D .Ag +、Cu 2+、NO 3-7.甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池中将甲醇蒸气转化为氢气的两种反应原理是 ①CH 3OH(g)+H 2O(g)=CO 2(g)+3H 2(g); △H= + 49.0 kJ·mol -1②CH 3OH(g)+12O 2(g)=CO 2(g)+2H 2(g); △H=-192.9 kJ·mol -1下列说法正确的是A .CH 3OH 的燃烧热为192.9 kJ·mol -1B .反应①中的能量变化如右图所示C .CH 3OH 转变成H 2的过程一定要吸收能量D .根据②推知反应:CH 3OH(l)+12O 2(g)=CO 2(g)+2H 2(g)的△H >-192.9kJ·mol -18.阿伏加德罗常数约为6.02×1023mol -1,下列叙述正确的是A .2.24LCO 2中含有的原子数为0.3 ×6.02×1023B .0.1L3 mol·L-1的NH 4NO 3溶液中含有的NH 4+数目为0.3 ×6.02×1023C .5.6g 铁粉与硝酸反应失去的电子数一定为0.3 ×6.02×1023D .4.5 SiO 2晶体中含有的硅氧键数目为0.3 ×6.02×1023二、不定项选择题:本题包括8小题.每小题4分。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学试卷及答案-上海卷
2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)数学试卷(理工农医类)考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、高考准考证号、校验码等填写清楚.2.本试卷共有21道试题,满分150分.考试时间120分钟.请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上.一.填空题(本大题满分44分)本大题共有11题,只要求直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分.1.函数3)4lg(--=x x y 的定义域是 .2.若直线1210l x my ++=: 与直线231l y x =-:平行,则=m . 3.函数1)(-=x xx f 的反函数=-)(1x f .4.方程 96370x x -∙-=的解是 .5.若x y ∈+R ,,且14=+y x ,则x y ∙的最大值是 . 6.函数⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=2πsin 3πsin x x y 的最小正周期=T .7.在五个数字12345,,,,中,若随机取出三个数字,则剩下两个数字都是奇数的概率是 (结果用数值表示).8.以双曲线15422=-y x 的中心为焦点,且以该双曲线的左焦点为顶点的抛物线方程是 . 9.对于非零实数a b ,,以下四个命题都成立: ① 01≠+aa ; ② 2222)(b ab a b a ++=+; ③ 若||||b a =,则b a ±=; ④ 若ab a =2,则b a =.那么,对于非零复数a b ,,仍然成立的命题的所有序号是 . 10.在平面上,两条直线的位置关系有相交、平行、重合三种. 已知αβ,是两个相交平面,空间两条直线12l l ,在α上的射影是直线12s s ,,12l l ,在β上的射影是直线12t t ,.用1s 与2s ,1t 与2t 的位置关系,写出一个总能确定1l 与2l 是异 面直线的充分条件: .11.已知P 为圆1)1(22=-+y x 上任意 一点(原点O 除外),直线OP 的倾斜角为θ弧度,记||OP d =. 在右侧的坐标系中,画出以()d θ,为坐标的点的轨迹的大致图形为二.选择题(本大题满分16分)本大题共有4 题,每题都给出代号为A ,B ,C ,D 的四个结论,其中有且只有一个结论是正确的,必须把正确结论的代号写在题后的圆括号内,选对得4分,不选、选错或者选出的代号超过一个(不论是否都写在圆括号内),一律得零分.12.已知a b ∈R ,,且i ,i 2++b a (i 是虚数单位)是实系数一元二次方程02=++q px x 的两个根,那么p q ,的值分别是( ) A.45p q =-=, B.43p q =-=, C.45p q ==,D.43p q ==,13.设a b ,是非零实数,若b a <,则下列不等式成立的是( ) A.22b a < B.b a ab 22< C.ba ab 2211< D.b a a b < 14.直角坐标系xOy 中,i j ,分别是与x y ,轴正方向同向的单位向量.在直角三角形 ABC 中,若j k i AC j i AB+=+=3,2,则k 的可能值个数是( )A.1 B.2 C.3 D.415.设)(x f 是定义在正整数集上的函数,且)(x f 满足:“当2()f k k ≥成立时,总可推出(1)f k +≥2)1(+k 成立”.那么,下列命题总成立的是( )A.若(3)9f ≥成立,则当1k ≥时,均有2()f k k ≥成立 B.若(5)25f ≥成立,则当5k ≤时,均有2()f k k ≥成立CB1C 1B1AAC.若49)7(<f 成立,则当8k ≥时,均有2)(k k f <成立 D.若25)4(=f 成立,则当4k ≥时,均有2()f k k ≥成立三.解答题(本大题满分90分)本大题共有6题,解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤.16.(本题满分12分)如图,在体积为1的直三棱柱111C B A ABC -中,1,90===∠BC AC ACB .求直线B A 1与平面C C BB 11所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示). 17.(本题满分14分)在ABC △中,a b c ,,分别是三个内角A B C ,,的对边.若4π,2==C a ,5522cos=B ,求ABC △的面积S .18.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.近年来,太阳能技术运用的步伐日益加快.2002年全球太阳电池的年生产量达到670兆瓦,年生产量的增长率为34%.以后四年中,年生产量的增长率逐年递增2%(如,2003年的年生产量的增长率为36%).(1)求2006年全球太阳电池的年生产量(结果精确到0.1兆瓦);(2)目前太阳电池产业存在的主要问题是市场安装量远小于生产量,2006年的实际安装量为1420兆瓦.假设以后若干年内太阳电池的年生产量的增长率保持在42%,到2010年,要使年安装量与年生产量基本持平(即年安装量不少于年生产量的95%),这四年中太阳电池的年安装量的平均增长率至少应达到多少(结果精确到0.1%)?19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分7分,第2小题满分7分. 已知函数0()(2≠+=x xax x f ,常数)a ∈R .(1)讨论函数)(x f 的奇偶性,并说明理由;(2)若函数)(x f 在[2)x ∈+∞,上为增函数,求a 的取值范围.20.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分3分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分9分.如果有穷数列123n a a a a ,,,,(n 为正整数)满足条件n a a =1,12-=n a a ,…,1a a n =,即1+-=i n i a a (12i n =,,,),我们称其为“对称数列”.例如,由组合数组成的数列01mm m mC C C ,,,就是“对称数列”. (1)设{}n b 是项数为7的“对称数列”,其中1234b b b b ,,,是等差数列,且21=b , 114=b .依次写出{}n b 的每一项;(2)设{}n c 是项数为12-k (正整数1>k )的“对称数列”,其中121k k k c c c +-,,,是首项为50,公差为4-的等差数列.记{}n c 各项的和为12-k S .当k 为何值时,12-k S 取得最大值?并求出12-k S 的最大值;(3)对于确定的正整数1>m ,写出所有项数不超过m 2的“对称数列”,使得211222m -,,,,依次是该数列中连续的项;当m 1500>时,求其中一个“对称数列”前2008项的和2008S .21.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.我们把由半椭圆12222=+b y a x (0)x ≥与半椭圆12222=+cx b y (0)x ≤合成的曲线称作“果圆”,其中222c b a +=,0>a ,0>>c b .如图,点0F ,1F ,2F 是相应椭圆的焦点,1A ,2A 和1B ,2B 分别是“果圆”与x ,y轴的交点.(1)若012F F F △是边长为1的等边三角形,求“果圆”的方程;(2)当21A A >21B B 时,求ab的取值范围; (3的弦.试研究:是否存在实数k ,使斜率为k 平行弦的中点轨迹总是落在某个椭圆上?若存在,求出所有可能的k 值;若不存在,说明理由.2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)数学试卷(理工农医类)答案要点一、填空题(第1题至第11题) 1. {}34≠<x x x 且 2. 32-3.)(11≠-x x x4.7log 3 5.161 6. π 7. 3.0 8. )3(122+=x y 9.②④10. 21//s s ,并且1t 与2t 相交(//1t 2t ,并且1s 与2s 相交)11.二、选择题(第12题至第15题)三、解答题(第16题至第21题) 16.解法一: 由题意,可得体积11111122ABC V CC S CC AC BC CC ====△, ∴ 211==CC AA .连接1BC .1111111AC B C AC CC ⊥⊥,,⊥∴11C A 平面C C BB 11,11BC A ∠∴是直线B A 1与平面C C BB 11所成的角. 52211=+=BC CC BC ,51t a n 11111==∠∴BC C A BC A ,则 11BC A ∠=55arctan . CB1B1A A1C即直线B A 1与平面C C BB 11所成角的大小为55arctan. 解法二: 由题意,可得 体积11111122ABC V CC S CC AC BC CC ∆====, 21=∴CC ,如图,建立空间直角坐标系. 得点(010)B ,,, 1(002)C ,,,1(102)A ,,. 则1(112)A B =--,,,平面C C BB 11的法向量为(100)n =,,.设直线B A 1与平面C C BB 11所成的角为θ,B A 1与n 的夹角为ϕ, 则116cos 6A B n A Bnϕ==-66arcsin ,66|cos |sin ===∴θϕθ, 即直线B A 1与平面C C BB 11所成角的大小为66arcsin. 17.解: 由题意,得3cos 5B B =,为锐角,54sin =B ,10274π3sin )πsin(sin =⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=--=B C B A , 由正弦定理得 710=c , ∴ 111048sin 222757S ac B ==⨯⨯⨯=.18.解:(1)由已知得2003,2004,2005,2006年太阳电池的年生产量的增长率依次为 %36,%38,%40,%42.则2006年全球太阳电池的年生产量为8.249942.140.138.136.1670≈⨯⨯⨯⨯(兆瓦).(2)设太阳电池的年安装量的平均增长率为x ,则441420(1)95%2499.8(142%)x ++≥. 解得0.615x ≥.因此,这四年中太阳电池的年安装量的平均增长率至少应达到%5.61.19.解:(1)当0=a 时,2)(x x f =,对任意(0)(0)x ∈-∞+∞,,,)()()(22x f x x x f ==-=-, )(x f ∴为偶函数.当0≠a 时,2()(00)af x x a x x=+≠≠,, 取1±=x ,得 (1)(1)20(1)(1)20f f f f a -+=≠--=-≠,, (1)(1)(1)f f f f ∴-≠--≠,,∴ 函数)(x f 既不是奇函数,也不是偶函数. (2)解法一:设122x x <≤, 22212121)()(x a x x a x x f x f --+=-[]a x x x x x x x x -+-=)()(21212121, 要使函数)(x f 在[2)x ∈+∞,上为增函数,必须0)()(21<-x f x f 恒成立.121204x x x x -<>,,即)(2121x x x x a +<恒成立.又421>+x x ,16)(2121>+∴x x x x . a ∴的取值范围是(16]-∞,. 解法二:当0=a 时,2)(x x f =,显然在[2)+∞,为增函数. 当0<a 时,反比例函数xa在[2)+∞,为增函数, xax x f +=∴2)(在[2)+∞,为增函数. 当0>a 时,同解法一.20.解:(1)设{}n b 的公差为d ,则1132314=+=+=d d b b ,解得 3=d , ∴数列{}n b 为25811852,,,,,,. (2)12112112-+--+++++++=k k k k k c c c c c c S k k k k c c c c -+++=-+)(2121 , 50134)13(42212-⨯+--=-k S k , ∴当13=k 时,12-k S 取得最大值.12-k S 的最大值为626. (3)所有可能的“对称数列”是: ① 22122122222221m m m ---,,,,,,,,,,;② 2211221222222221m m m m ----,,,,,,,,,,,; ③ 122221222212222m m m m ----,,,,,,,,,,;④ 1222212222112222m m m m ----,,,,,,,,,,,.对于①,当2008m ≥时,1222212008200722008-=++++= S . 当15002007m <≤时,200922122008222221----+++++++=m m m m S 2009212212---+-=m m m1222200921--+=--m m m .对于②,当2008m ≥时,1220082008-=S . 当15002007m <≤时,2008S 122200821--=-+m m .对于③,当2008m ≥时,2008200822--=m m S . 当15002007m <≤时,2008S 3222009-+=-mm.对于④,当2008m ≥时,2008200822--=m m S . 当15002007m <≤时,2008S 2222008-+=-mm.21. 解:(1) ()()012(0)00F c F F ,,,,,021211F F b F F ∴====,,于是22223744c a b c ==+=,,所求“果圆”方程为2241(0)7x y x +=≥,2241(0)3y x x +=≤. (2)由题意,得 b c a 2>+,即a b b a ->-222.2222)2(a c b b =+> ,222)2(a b b a ->-∴,得54<a b . 又21,222222>∴-=>a b b a c b . 45b a ⎫∴∈⎪⎪⎝⎭,. (3)设“果圆”C 的方程为22221(0)x y x a b +=≥,22221(0)y x x b c+=≤.记平行弦的斜率为k .当0=k 时,直线()y t b t b =-≤≤与半椭圆22221(0)x y x a b+=≥的交点是P t ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,与半椭圆22221(0)y x x b c +=≤的交点是Q t ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭. ∴ P Q ,的中点M ()x y ,满足 221,2a c t x b y t ⎧-⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩, 得 122222=+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-b y c a x . b a 2<,∴ 22220222a c a c b a c b b ----+⎛⎫-=≠ ⎪⎝⎭. 综上所述,当0=k 时,“果圆”平行弦的中点轨迹总是落在某个椭圆上.当0>k 时,以k 为斜率过1B 的直线l 与半椭圆22221(0)x y x a b+=≥的交点是22232222222ka b k a b b k a b k a b ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭,. 由此,在直线l 右侧,以k 为斜率的平行弦的中点轨迹在直线x ka b y 22-=上,即不在某一椭圆上. 当0<k 时,可类似讨论得到平行弦中点轨迹不都在某一椭圆上.。
2007年普通高中通用技术学业水平测试(样卷)
2007年普通高中通用技术学业水平测试(样卷)注意事项:1.本试卷共5页。
满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
2.用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在答卷纸上。
一、选择题:本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共计40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
1.设计的一般过程:①发现与明确问题②制作模型或原型③制定设计方案④产品的使用和维护⑤测试、评估和优化。
正确的顺序是……………………………………………………………………………()A.①②③④⑤B.①③②⑤④C.③①②④⑤D.⑤④①③②2.被称为“科学管理之父”的美国人泰勒于1898年在伯利恒钢铁公司进行了著名的“铁锹作业试验”。
“铁锹作业试验”中改进了许多具体的人机关系,它是要实现人机关系的哪个目标………………………………………………………………………………………………()A.健康目标B.舒适目标C.高效目标D.安全目标3.有一种新型快餐盒,以谷物秸杆为原料制做而成,使用后可直接转化为牲畜饲料或肥料。
这符合了设计中的哪项基本原则………………………………………………………………()A.美观性原则B.经济性原则C.创新性原则D.可持续发展原则4.去年投入使用的“新城疫重组二联活疫苗”,是中国最新自行研制的禽流感疫苗,不仅价格低廉而且使用方便,可以用滴鼻、饮水、点眼等多种方式实施。
这说明技术具有…………( ) A.保护人的作用B.发展人的作用C.改造人的作用D.限制人的作用5.技术语言是一种在技术活动中进行信息交流的特有的语言形式。
下列哪种技术语言是沟通设计和生产之间的桥梁,是工程施工和产品加工制作的直接依据。
…………………………( ) A.图表B.口头语言C.技术图样D.模型6.在人行道上设计盲道,在实现合理的人机关系,主要是处理了哪方面的关系…………( ) A.普通人群和特殊人群B.静态的人和动态的人C.人和车辆D.信息交互7. 电池的发明解决了人类的很多动力问题,但是废旧电池对环境造成了巨大的破坏,说明了技术的……………………………………………………………………………………………()A.目的性B.创新性C.综合性D.两面性8. 微波炉的发明,使我们加热食品的方式有了根本性的转变。
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学第I卷(共66分)相对原子质量:H:1 C:12 N:14 O:16 Na:23 Mg:24 S:32 K:39 Fe:56 Ba:137一、选择题(本题共10分),每小题2分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
1.近期我国冀东渤海湾发现储量达10亿吨的大型油田。
下列关于石油的说法正确的是A 石油属于可再生矿物能源B 石油主要含有碳、氢两种元素C 石油的裂化是物理变化D 石油分馏的各馏分均是纯净物2.23592U是重要的核工业原料,在自然界的丰度很低。
23592U的浓缩一直为国际社会关注。
下列有关23592U说法正确的是A 23592U原子核中含有92个中子 B 23592U原子核外有143个电子C 23592U与23892U互为同位素 D 2359223592U与23892U互为同素异形体3.下列有关葡萄糖的说法错误的是A 葡萄糖的分子式是C6H12O6B 葡萄糖能发生银镜反应C 葡萄糖是人体重要的能量来源D 葡萄糖属于高分子化合物4.下列有关物理量相应的单位表达错误的是A 摩尔质量g/molB 气体摩尔体积L/molC 溶解度g/100gD 密度g/cm35.请你运用所学的化学知识判断,下列有关化学观念的叙述错误的是A 几千万年前地球上一条恐龙体内的某个原子可能在你的身体里B 用斧头将木块一劈为二,在这个过程中个别原子恰好分成更小微粒C 一定条件下,金属钠可以成为绝缘体D 一定条件下,水在20℃时能凝固成固体二、选择题(本题共36分),每小题3分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
6.下列过程或现象与盐类水解无关的是A 纯碱溶液去油污B 铁在潮湿的环境下生锈C 加热氯化铁溶液颜色变深D 浓硫化钠溶液有臭味下列离子检验的方法不合理的是A NH4+-气体法B I--沉淀法C Fe3+-显色法D Ca2+-气体法8.下列反应的离子方程式正确的是A 氢氧化钠溶液中通入少量二氧化硫:SO2+OH-→HSO3-B 碳酸氢钠溶液与足量氢氧化钡溶液混合:HCO3-+Ba2++OH-→BaCO3↓+H2OC 盐酸滴入氨水中:H++OH-→H2OD 碳酸钙溶解于稀硝酸中:CO32-+2H+→CO2↑+H2O9.下列有关实验操作错误的是A 用药匙取用粉末状或小颗粒状固体B 用胶头滴管滴加少量液体C 给盛有2/3体积液体的试管加热D 倾倒液体对试剂瓶标签面向手心10.判断下列有关化学基本概念的依据正确的是A 氧化还原反应:元素化合价是否变化B 共价化合物:是否含有共价键C 强弱电解质:溶液的导电能力大小D 金属晶体:晶体是否能够导电11.有关物质燃烧时火焰颜色描述错误的是A 氢气在氯气中燃烧-苍白色B 钠在空气中燃烧——黄色C 乙醇在空气中燃烧——淡蓝色D 硫在氧气中燃烧——绿色12.往含I-和Cl-的稀溶液中滴人AgNO 3溶液,沉淀的质量与加入AgNO3溶液体积的关系如右图所示。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
太原理工大学
适用班级 考试日期 2007.1
普通化学 试卷 A
时间 120 分钟 共 4 页 二 三 四 五 总 分
9 、 原 电 池 : - ) Zn ︱ Zn2+(1mol . L-1)‖Cu2+(1mol . L-1) ︱ Cu(+ 的 电 池 反 应 为 。 和差异充气腐蚀。其共同特点是作为 极的金属受到腐蚀。 。 反应。 10、在电化学 腐蚀中,由于阴极反应的不同,一般可分为析氢腐蚀、吸氧腐蚀 11 、 用 两 个 铂 电 极 电 解 NaOH 溶 液 时 , 开 始 时 阳 极 反 应 是 12、原电池中,接受电子的电极是 ; 阴极反应是 极,该电极上发生
-
) )
9、欲配制 pH=9.0 的缓冲溶液,在下列缓冲对中应选用 B、NH3—NH4Cl D、NaH2PO4-Na3PO4 (NH3)=4.75,
pKa2
(密封线外不要写姓名、学号、班级;密封线内不要答题。违者试卷按零分记)
学号
(H2CO3)=10.25,
(H3PO4)=7.2]
10、在浓度都为 0.1mol/L 的 NaF 和 Na2C2O4 的混合溶液中,逐滴加入 CaCl2 溶液, 则 [已知:Ksp(CaF2)=3.4 x 10-11,Ksp(CaC2O4)=2.6x10-9] A、F-和 C2O42-同时被沉淀; C、C2O4 先被沉淀; A、SO2 不再发生反应 B、2molSO2 和 1molO2 反应,生成 2molSO3 C、SO2,O2,SO3 浓度相等 D、SO2 和 O2 生成 SO3 的速度等于 SO3 分解的速度 12、下述关系不正确的是: A、S 气>S 液>S 固 C、 S 复杂分子>S 简单分子 13、在下列溶液中,AgCl 的溶解度最大的是 A、纯水 C、0.1mol· L HCl
姓名
………………………………………….密…………….……………………………封……………………………………..线………………………..………………..
s
A第4页
3、将下列反应组成原电池(温度为 298.15K) 2I-(aq)+2Fe3+(aq)=I2(s)+2Fe2+(aq) (1) 计算标准状态时原电池的电动势与反应的标准吉布斯函数变; (2) 用符号表示原电池的组成; (3) 计算 c(I-)=1.0×10-2mol/L 以及 c(Fe3+)=c(Fe2+)/10 时原电池的电动势。
( D、△U = UB - UA. (
) )
A第2页
B、△U<0
C、△U = 0
( D、0.059V ( D、Pb (
)
8、在下列浓度相同的水溶液中,凝固点最低的是 B、KCl 溶液 D、蔗糖溶液
A、0.059V ( ) A、Zn
+ -
B、0.118V B、Na
C、0.188V C、Cu
s
15、为保护轮船不被海水腐蚀,可作为阳极牺牲的金属是 16、下列哪一反应设计的电池不需要用盐桥 A 、H + OH → H2O B 、PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O C 、2MnO4- + 5H2O2 + 16H+→ 2Mn2+ + 5/2O2 + 13H2O D 、Zn + Cu2+ → Cu + Zn2+ 18、已知 φӨ(Br2/Br )=1.07V,φӨ(Fe3+/Fe2+)=0.77V 。则反应
-10
5 、 测得一糖水溶液的沸点为 100.13℃, 测其浓度为 ( △Kb=0.52 △Kf=1.86)
10 HCN=4.9×
6、反应2Fe3+(aq) + Cu(s)→2Fe 2+(aq)+ Cu 2+(aq)与 Fe (s) + Cu 2+ (aq)→Fe 2+(aq)+ Cu (s) 均正向自发进行,在上述反应中所有氧 化剂中最强的是 ,还原剂中最强的是 。
o m
(
)
SiCl4(g) 操作 加热 冷却 加压 减压 平衡移动方向 ∆fGmӨ (298.15 K) / kJ· mol 1
-
NH3(g)
Si3N4(s)
HCl(g)
学院(系)班级
<0 >0 >0 <0
-569.9
-16.64
-642.7
-95.27
SmӨ (298.15 K) / J· mol 1· K1
-1 2-
Br-+Fe3+→1/2Br2+Fe2+ 的电动势 EӨ 值为 A、0.3V B、 -0.3V C、1.84V
( D、-1. D、无法判断沉淀先后.
)
19、现有四杯 HAc 溶液,浓度分别为 0.2mol· dm-3,0.1mol· dm-3, 0.02mol· dm-3, 0.01mol· dm-3 则溶液的 pH 值及 HAc 的 K0a 和为 A、依次增大,K a 不变. ) C、pH 依次增大, 依次减小. A、标准压力 P =100.00KPa C、b =1.00 mol·kg ( )
姓名
………………………………………….密…………….……………………………封……………………………………..线………………………..………………..
7、 如果某一体系从状态 A 变到状态 B 有两种途径:一种是经 C 到 B 状态;另一种 是经 D 到 E,最后到 B 状态.体系内能的改变值为 A、△U > 0 A、葡萄糖溶液 C、CaCl2 溶液 A、HAc-NaAc C、NaHCO3—Na2CO3 [
8、 对某一化学反应, 其电动势 E 的数值, 随化学计量数的不同选配而不同。 (
10、金属表面因氧气分布不均匀而被腐蚀时,金属溶解处是在氧气浓度较大的 部位。 四、简答题(20 分) 1.说明下列平衡移动方向: 序号 (1) (2) (3) (4) 可逆反应 2SO2(g)+O2(g)=2SO3(g) C(s)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+H2(g) NH4Cl(s)=NH3(g)+HCl(g) N2O4(g)=2NO2(g) (5 分) r H
-1
B、S 混合物>S 纯物质 D、S 高温物质<S 低温物质 (
-1
姓名
)
B、0.1mol· L KNO3 D、0.1mol· L-1 AgNO3 ( )
17、根据酸碱质子理论,下列化学物质中既可以作为酸又可以作为碱的是 A、NH4
+
B、HCO3
-
C、H3O
+
D、HAc
………………………………………….密…………….……………………………封……………………………………..线………………………..………………..
2
B. 1 4
C.2 倍
D.4 倍 ( )
7、已知,S2- + H2O →HS- + OH-的pKθa1 = 6.3× 10-8, pKθa2 = 4.4× 10-13,其平衡常 数Kθ= ,共轭酸碱对为 。
6、原电池中,关于盐桥的叙述错误的是 A、盐桥的电解质,可中和两半电池中过剩的电荷 B、盐桥可维持氧化还原反应进行 C、电子可通过盐桥流动 D、盐桥中的电解质不参与电极反应
r H m =-1170kJ/mol
r Hm =-1530
2 、 已 知 某 温 度 时 反 应 N2O4(g)=2NO2(g) 的 平 衡 常 数 为 Kθ1, 同 温 度 下 2NO2(g)=N2O4(g)的平衡常数为 Kθ2,则其标准平衡常数 Kθ2 等于 A、Kθ1 率的条件 A、高温高压 B、低温高压 C、低温低压 D、高温低压 4、从化学动力学看,一个零级反应,其反应速率应该: A、与反应物浓度呈反比 C、随反应物浓度的平方呈正比 5、 把 0.1mol/dm ,HCN(K 来的 A. 1
学号
, K 变
。 (填变大或变小)
2、某一化学反应的反应速率方程为 v=kCA1/2CB2,若将反应物 A 的浓度增加到 原来的 4 倍, 则反应速率是原来的 来的 4 倍,则反应速率为原来的 3、已知:4NH3(g)+5O2(g)=4NO(g)+6H2O(l) 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)=2N2(g)+ 6H2O(l) 则 H 为 f m NO(g) 4、[CrCl2(NH3)4]Cl 的名称是 和 ,配位数为 。 mol· Kg-1 。 ,配位原子为 倍, 若将反应的总体积增加至原 倍。
A第 1页
题 号 分 数
一
s
一、填空题(每空 1 分,共 20 分) 1、已知反应:2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g) r H m =-566kJ/mol;随反应温度升高,反应
的 r Gm 变
(密封线外不要写姓名、学号、班级;密封线内不要答题。违者试卷按零分记)
二、单项选择题 (本大题分 20 小题, 每小题 1 分, 共 20 分) 1、下列反应或过程中熵变数值为负值的是 A、 少量 Na2CO3 溶解于水中 C、活性炭表面吸附氧气 D、液态水变为气态水 ( ) ( ) B、 纯碳与氧气反应生成一氧化碳
+ 2-
s
(密封线外不要写姓名、学号、班级;密封线内不要答题。违者试卷按零分记)
(
)
4.25℃时在 100g 水中可溶解 PbF20.04655g,试计算 PbF2 在 25℃时的 KspӨ