2018年考研管理类联考综合英语二真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析完整版) )年考研英语二试题与答案解析((完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：：DirectionsRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another tw enty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the r oom, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clic ked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with othe r stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs ofdisgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicag o. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific a dvances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight th at curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy c uriosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants wh o were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results sugg est that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about l ong-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. "Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points））pointsText 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books andtests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he he’’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family ofs for kids who can’’vocational education “have that stereotype..that ithave that stereotype..that it’’s for kids who can t make it academically,””he says.t make it academically,On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’’s degrees for all -and the subtle But the headlong push into bachelordevaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’’s not the only devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:Thatthing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’’s degree opens more thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelordoors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’t equipped to do them.Koziatek ’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’’s diversiy of gifts.21.21.【题干】【题干】【题干】A A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students students’’ lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.22.【题干】【题干】【题干】There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.【题干】We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high schoolgraduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.24.【题干】【题干】【题干】The headlong push into bacheloi The headlong push into bacheloi The headlong push into bacheloi’’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.25.【题干】【题干】【题干】The The author author’’s attitude toward Koziatek Koziatek’’s school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the pathto economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed windpower as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play wellwith many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun d oesn'tshine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storageapacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing bigbets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarityon roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there's a long way to go,the trend lines forrenewables are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in ti me to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a tim e of a global shift in thought.26.26.【题干】【题干】【题干】The The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to ______【选项】A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27. 【题干】According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______【选项】A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. 28. 【题干】【题干】【题干】It can be learned that in Iowa,______. It can be learned that in Iowa,______.【选项】A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. 【题干】Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30.30.【题干】【题干】【题干】 It It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn service, which doesn’’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users ’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, whatparty whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May groups in which Theresa May’’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops ft owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don ’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them — and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they The product they’’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe31.31.【题干】【题干】【题干】According According to Paragraph1 to Paragraph1，，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its its 。
(完整版)2018年英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 eachparticipant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard andphotographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the sameas the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee ofthe University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a goodinstinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-butsometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity candrive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a finalexperiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how theywould feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest thatimagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosityahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workingwith your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have thatstereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that itonce was. The job security that the US economy once offered tohigh school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfullyso.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need.Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such asconstruction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turnedthe country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunitythat once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution isstaring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology HighSchool is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education isfor kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high schoolgraduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The moveto renewables is picking up momentum around the world: Theynow account for more than half of new power sources going online.Some growth stems from a commitment by governmentsand farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices ofrenewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines byclose to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already aprincipal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. Whilethe rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, forthe first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the USEnergy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa, where windturbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity ofbatteries is making their ability to keep power flowing aroundthe clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, whoare placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, thismassive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardlyprotect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, CalNewport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in aDistracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art ofdeep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout theday. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your lengthof focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly thenext mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is torethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craftour to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some wereadvised to set out monthly goals and study activities; otherswere told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, dayby day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structureddaily plans would be most effective when it came to theexecution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, whileleaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the bestresults.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we alsoneed to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it isas indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at HarvardMedical School, believes this counterintuitive link betweendowntime and productivity may be due to the may our brainsoperate. When our brains switch between being focused andunfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to completethese tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuitsin their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford showsthat .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have aconversation with a new person a link gets formed and everyconversation you have after that moment will strengthen thelink.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first moveand start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. Youwanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’tcome out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feelingand here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word outeverything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of theenthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say“Hi”。
2018年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案解析[完整版]
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范文 范例 指导 学习2018 考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text . Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviouslybe painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicago andthe Wisconsin school of Business testedstudents ’ willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5 , each participantwas shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven wer e told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernail s on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — itcan 12 new scientific advances, forinstance —butsometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity i possible to 15 ,however.In a final participantss experiment,who were encouraged to 16how theywould feel afterviewinganunpleasantpicturewereless likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggestthatimaginingthe 18of following throughon one’scuriosity ahead of timecanhelp determine 19 it isworththe endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegativeeffects of curiosity, ”Hsee says. In other words,don’t read onlinecomments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interru pt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwith B.rest on C.lead to D.learn fromword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequencesD.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C]or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his effortsto give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, butpractical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13thpresident of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarilygained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generationsof discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he ’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seenas almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it ’s for kids who can ’t make it academically, ” he says .On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution.Manufacturingis not the economic engine that it once was.The job security thatthe US economy once offeredto high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.Wewant more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s d egrees for all —and the subtle devaluing ofanything less —misses an important point:That ’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor ’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but theworkerswho need those jobs most aren ’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School ofTechnology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. Wheneducation becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students ’ lack of .A.academic trainingB.practical abilityword 版本整理分享范文 范例 指导 学习C.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. A.have a stereotyped mind B.have no career motivation C.are financially disadvantaged D.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates. ed to have more job opportunities ed to have big financial concerns C.are entitled to more educational privileges D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all. A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 25.The author ’s attitude toward Koziatek ’s school can bedescribed as . A.tolerant B.cautious C.supportive D.disappointedText 2 While fossil fuels —coal ， oil ， gas —stillgenerat e roughly 85percent of the world ’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources suchas wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking upmomentumaround the world ： Theynow account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources. But increasing ly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables ， especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80 percentand the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland ， for example ， wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent ofhomes.Whilethe rest of the world takesthelead ，notablyChina and Europe ， the UnitedStatesis alsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，for the firsttime ，wind andsolarpoweraccountedfo r morethan10percent ofthepowergeneratedin theUS，reportedthe US EnergyInformationAdministrati on.Presiden t Trump hasunderlined fossil fuels—especiallycoal — asthe pathtoeconomicgrowth. In a recent speech in Iowa ，hedismissedwind power as anunreliable energy source.Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa ， where wind turbines dot the fields andprovide 36 percent of thestate ’s electricitygeneration— and where tech giants likeMicrosoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir datacenters.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteriesis making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change thepicture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go ， the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The paceof change in energy sources appears to be speeding up — perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What W ashington does—or doesn’t do— to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word “plummeting ”（L ine 3 ， Para.2 ） is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3 ， the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power andambition of thegiantsofthedigitaleconomyis astonishing— Amazonhasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain WholeFoods for$13.5bn ， but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsAppmessaging service ，which doesn ’t have any physical ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook wasproduct at a anintricate and finely detailed web of itsusers’friendships and sociallives ．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebookidentities，but it broke thepromisealmostas soon as thedealwentthrough ．Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages ， the knowledge of who sent them and towhom wasenormouslyrevealing and still couldbe． Whatpolitical journalist， whatpartywhip ，wouldnot want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which TheresaMay ’ s enemies arecurrentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazonisnot so much the460shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchasedwhat.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower ． Butit is clumsy. For onething, itis veryslowcomparedto the pace ofchangewithin the digitalword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习economy. By the time a problem has beenaddressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to bereplacedby new abuses of power． Butthere isa deeperconceptual problem,too. Competitionlaw as presentlyinterpreted deals with financial disadvantage toconsumers and thisis not obviouswhen theusers of theseservicesdon’t pay forthem． Theusers of their services are not theircustomers ． That would bethepeople who buyadvertisingfrom them — and Facebook and Google ， the two virtualgiants， dominate digitaladvertisingto the disadvantage of all other media and entertainmentcompanies ．Theproduct they ’re selling is data ， and we， the users ，convertourlives to data forthe benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor thehoneydew they producewhen theyfeed,so Google farms usfor the data that ourdigital livesyield ． Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps thespammers out of ourinboxes. It doesn ’t feel like a human or democraticrelationship ，even if both sidesbenefit ．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquiredWhatsApp for its. A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants ’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and theirusersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deepwork”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic ”approach to seizing m oments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling ” to c ombat constant interruptions and getword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughlythe next m onth.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’s appointmentor important meeting ”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritizeyour day— in particular how we craft our to-do l ists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Powerof Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be mosteffective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions oftenrender the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room forimprovisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We a lso need to embrace downtime,oras Newport suggests, “be lazy. ”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believesthis counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focusedand unfocused on a task,theytend to be more efficient.“What people d on’t realise is that in order to complete t hese tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain ”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________. A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that________. A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable tostudying C. students are hardlymotivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is________. A.a desirable mental state forbusy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains ’ shift between being focusedand unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done inless timeword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in theleft column to its corresponding information in the right column. Thereare two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too ”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new persona link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting aconversation with them will form alink.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know andsomething within you says“Iwant to talk with this person ”— this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something — the first word —but it justwon ’t come out. I t feels like itisstuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, theyare not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: “Hi ”, “Hey”or “Hello ”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi ”.42.______F______It ’s a problem all of us face : you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi ”, “hello ” , “how are you? ”and“what’s going on? ”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that ’s can make itso memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you ’ll be surprised tosee how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which youand that person have in commonso that you can build the conversation f rom that point. Whenyou start conversation from there a nd then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden thatthe conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习Imagine you are pouring y our heart o ut to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in thatcommunication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some timeyou may have met a gain and have forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps theplaces they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing thehate —whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically becomeinvestor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’s it . Five amazing ways that you can make conversationwith almost anyone. Everyperson is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future careerpath from a listof occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fictionnovels. He reads so passionately t hat his parents h ave to institute a “no reading p olicy ”atthe dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet —not even after becomingone of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he readsat least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explainhow the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。
考研英语二真题答案 解析
2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;anothertwenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligenceSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Worki ng with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomesone-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees fo r all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be desc ribed as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。
2018年英语二考研真题及答案解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent needto 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven w ere told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this ef fect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 o r shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often consid ered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes suc h 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participant s who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is wo rth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove7. A.Unless8. A.happen9. A.rather thanB.IfB.continueB.such asC.deliverC.ThoughC.disappearC.regardless ofD.interruptD.WhenD.changeD.owing to10. A.disagree11. A.pay12.A.begin with13.A. withdrawalB. forgiveB.marriageB.rest onB. inquiryC.forgetC.foodC.learn fromC .persistenceD.discoverD.schoolingD.lead toD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive16.A.predict17. A.remember18. A.relief19.A. whetherB.defineB.overlookB.chooseB.planB.whyC.replaceC.designC.promiseC.outcomeC.whereD.traceD.concealD.pretendD.dutyD.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences1. 【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
2018年管理类英语二真题-详尽解析
[同义词] blackball minus veto disconfirming
[反义词] positive affirmative neutral
painful [-fl]
[释义] adj. 疼痛的，使痛苦的
[同义词] atrocious sore irritating afflictive
[反义词] painless
①27 个学生被告知哪些钢笔是带 电的;另有 27 个只被告知一些是带电 的，当独自一个人在房间的时候，那
room, the students who did not know
些不知道会产生电击的学生比那些知
which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would __8__. ②Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,
[释义] v. 繁殖，再生，复制，使...在脑海中重现
[构词] [re- 再，produce 生产 → 再生产，再造，复制]
[同根词] abduct abduction educate education induce
[同义词] regurgitate procreate multiply
photograph [ˈfəutəgrɑ:f]
inherent [ɪnˈhɪərənt, -ˈher-]
[释义] adj. 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的
[构词] [in- 加强意义，her 粘，-ent …的 → 生来的，固有的，原有的]
2018年英语二考研真题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determi ne 19 it is worth the endeavor. ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitations Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it ris ks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewableenergy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for ＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doc tor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgenc e or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these ta sks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay beli eves that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t tal k with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。
2018年管理类联考-英语真题+答案详解
2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity, e ” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B.trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen 15. A resist2. C seek 9. B such as 16. A predict3. D hurt 10. D discover 17.B choose4. C expose 11. C food 18. C outcome5. B trial 12. D lead to 19. A whether6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 20. D consequences7. D when 14. A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuckwithgenerations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling abicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it ’ s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That ’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor ’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation ’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ___ ’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’ senergy supply, it ’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh suc as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US government Dis not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple whichwas not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____. A.digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____. A.worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author ofDeep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building ahabit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time andstick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptionsand get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this timelike Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Anotherapproach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-rein pd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goalsIn much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embracedowntime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy ”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary togetting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don ’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain ” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific dailyplansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the mostsuitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversationwith them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won ’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “ Just it out ”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won ’ t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple “ Hi ” , ” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “ Hi ”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “ h” , “ hello ” , “ how are you ” and going on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you ’ ll besurpristo see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation fromthat point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards fromthere you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading “policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。
【7A版】2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonth eANSWERSHEET.(10points) Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent，withacademics，writers，andactivistsonceagain 1 thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefined by 2 .Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital，andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland..AdifferentandnotmutuallyeGclusive 3 holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort，one 4 bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives 5 ，peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmerican swhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7 Americans.Also，someresearchsuggeststhatthe 8 forrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhyman y10 theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t 11 followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebased onthe 12 ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe 13 ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould 14 strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today，the 15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthy，andawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays，becauseleisuretimeisrelatively 16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional 17 oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork，Ioftenfeel 18 ，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself 19 ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor 20matters.1. [A]boasting [B]denying [C]warning [D]ensuring2. [A]inequality [B]instability[C]unreliability [D]uncertainty3. [A]policy [B]guideline[C]resolution [D]prediction4. [A]characterized [B]divided[C]balanced [D]measured5. [A]wisdom [B]meaning[C]glory [D]freedom6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus [D]Nevertheless7. [A]rich [B]urban[C]working [D]educated8. [A]eGplanation [B]requirement[C]compensation [D]substitute9. [A]under [B]beyond[C]alongside [D]among10. [A]leavebehind [B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside11. [A]statistically [B]occasionally[C]necessarily [D]economically12. [A]chances [B]downsides[C]benefits [D]principles13. [A]absence [B]height[C]face [D]course14. [A]disturb [B]restore[C]eGclude [D]yield15. [A]model [B]practice[C]virtue [D]hardship16. [A]tricky [B]lengthy[C]mysterious [D]scarce17. [A]demands [B]standards[C]qualities [D]threats18. [A]ignored [B]tired[C]confused [D]starved19. [A]off [B]against[C]behind [D]into20. [A]technological[B]professional[C]educational [D]interpersonalSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.Marky ouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）TeGt1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.ThePar krunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Events arefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesra ngefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasan nouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.Planningdocumentspledgedthatthegre atlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwou ldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklyspor tdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun－upto20GG－butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Th eoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesit yhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon20GGfailedto"ins pireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.The reisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.T heOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.T hedualaimwasmiGedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers. Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally "grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybeg ettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods－makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragin gtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggree nspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofw ordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Ora tleastnotmakethemworse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas_____.A．gainedgreatpopularityB．createdmanyjobsC．strengthenedcommunitytiesD．becomeanofficialfestival22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto_____. A．boostpopulationgrowthB．promotesportparticipationC．improvethecity'simageD．increasesporthoursinschools23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit_____.A．aimsatdiscoveringtalentsB．focusesonmasscompetitionC．doesnotemphasizeelitismD．doesnotattractfirst-timers24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould_____. A．organize"grassroots"sportseventsB．superviselocalsportsassociationsC．increasefundsforsportsclubsD．investinpublicsportsfacilities25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis_____.A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticTeGt2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Tec hisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsar etheretopromotemaGimalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothe familyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafo od-testingeGercise.ShefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheeGercisestarted20percentfewer verbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shes awthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechi ldrenwouldbemakingeGcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,and ifthosefacesareblankand unresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice－itcanbeeG tremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfacee G periment”devisedbydev elopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormal waybeforeputtingonablankeGpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecome sincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobee Gquisitelyp arentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsivean dsensitivetoachild’sve rbalornonverbaleGpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornouto fan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sb asedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoe G poseyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tle arningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit－particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Pa rents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscan makethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______. A．simplifyroutinemattersB．absorbuserattentionC．betterinterpersonalrelationsD．increaseworkefficiency27.Radesky’sfood-testingeG erciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______. A．takesawaybabies’appetiteB．di stractschildren’sattentionC．slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopmentD．reducesmother-childcommunication28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfacee G periment”toshowthat_______. A．itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankeGpressions B．verbaleGpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionaleGchange C．childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood D．parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______. A．protectkidsfromeGposuretowildfantasiesB．teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear C．ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildrenD．remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.A．givetheirparentssomefreetimeB．maketheirparentsmorecreativeC．helpthemwiththeirhomeworkD．helpthembecomemoreattentiveTeGt3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhigheGpe ctationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapy ear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?An daftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstan tfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesocia llyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowa rdgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoe snothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits－infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetter preparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyea rpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges －allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.GapyeareGperiencescanlessentheblowwhe nitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocuson academicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoeGploreinterests,thenconsideritsfin ancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly 80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringth ebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingo nemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessari lyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegam e.AtBostonCollege,foreGample,youwouldhavetocompleteaneGtrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursin gschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressands avemoneylateron.31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat_____. A．theythinkitacademicallymisleadingB．theyhavealotoffuntoeGpectincollegeC．itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersD．itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps_____. A．keepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticB．lowerrisksinchoosingcareersC．easefreshmen’sfinancialburdensD．relievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaningto_____.A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem_____.A．avoidacademicfailuresB．establishlong-termgoalsC．switchtoanothercollegeD．decideontherightmajor35.ThemostsuitabletitleforthisteGtwouldbe_____.A．InFavoroftheGapYearB．TheABCsoftheGapYearC．TheGapYearComesBackD．TheGapYear:ADilemmaTeGt4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcer nbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaGdollars,saysProfessorMaGMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandman agement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfigh tingfires－nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoin gtowardstheagency'sotherwork－suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep－thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioni nfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelostt oawildfire?“It’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublice Gpenditureperspectiveforth ewholecountry,”hesays.We needtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthos efundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocus hasbeenonclimatechange－howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires. Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeatthee Gpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,"hesa ys.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Our perceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesvery limited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleash edonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevit ablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitas safeaspossible,shesays.“We’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandt ryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they_____. A．eGhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsB．consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget C．severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates D．causedahugeriseofinfrastructureeGpenditure37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to_____.A．raisemorefundsforfire-proneareasB．avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyC．findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeD．guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat_____. A．publicdebateshavenotsettledyetB．fire-fightingconditionsareimprovingC．otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedD．ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto_____. A．discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature B．eGplorethemechanismofthehumansystems C．maGimizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeD．understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould_____.A．doawaywithB．cometotermswithC．payapriceforD．keepawayfromPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingteGtandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondingi nformationintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon'tm akeanythinganymore,"hetoldFoGNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-MeGicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradede alsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing. Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanywor kers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingsti lennialsmaynotbethatinterestedin takingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers－andupwardpressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,"saysJayDunwell,presiden tofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,"Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebee npluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringing highschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangeteGposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoun dedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.R othhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$1 3anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilsh e'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcare er,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."Ilovewo rkingwithtools.Ilovecreating."hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholi vedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory. Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingreces sion,"saysBirgitKlohs,chiefeGecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMi chigan.Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to 12millionin20GG.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.N owshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels. "Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,"saysRobSpohr,abusinessp rofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandother placeswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis."JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturin g:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevaluefleGibility." Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,"shesays.SectionIIITranslationDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtra nslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46.MyDreamMydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.Twoyearsbefore graduatingfromsecondaryschool,ItookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatIwouldmoveontoafashi ondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealisedthatIwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewit hothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.Beforeapplyingfor universityItoldeveryonethatIwouldstudyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavourite activities.But,tobeabsolutelyhonest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadrea m-Iknewthatnoone,apartfrommyself,couldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!SectionIVWritingPartA51Directions: SupposeyouareinvitedbyProfessorWilliamstogiveapresentationaboutChineseculturetoagroupofinte rnationalstudents.Writeareplyto1）Accepttheinvitation,and2）Introducethekeypointsofyourpresentation. YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET. Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)52.Directions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2017英语二真题解析试题精析[答案][C]warning考点：上下文语义理解解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。
2018年考研英语二真题与答案66589
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful？Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science。
The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment。
考研英语二真题 答案 解析
2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The newresearch reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. Thetwist?Half of thepens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knewwhat would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants whowere encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggestthat imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of timecan help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligenceSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justifyhis efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th presidentof the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain? As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Worki ng with your handsis seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it's for kids who can't make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want morefor our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That's not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country onits political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined Americais vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap inworking-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.When education becomesone-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kidswho______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi's degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be describedas_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。
考研英语真题及参考答案
2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.B.protectC.discussD.resolveB.seekC.waitD.regretstC.hurtD.misleadB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.conceptB.deliverC.weakenD.interruptB.IfC.WhenD.ThoughB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing toB.forgiveC.discoverD.forgetB.foodC.marriageD.schoolingB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligenceB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructiveB.defineC.replaceD.resistB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretendB.outcomeC.planD.dutyB.whyC.whereD.whetherB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Wo rking with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s ev olution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals withfina ncial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work whenyou can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。
2018年考研英语(二)试题答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案解析1.【答案】[A]【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网上的负面评论，并做一些明显会让人伤心的事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
[A]解决；[B]保护；[C]讨论；[D]忽视。
根据语境可知[A]项。
2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。
句意：人们会___满足自己的好奇心。
[A]拒绝；[B]等待；[C]寻求，力求；[D]后悔。
结合空格前三句及选项释义可知，[C]项符合文义。
3.【答案】[D]【解析】句意：新的研究发现，人们想要知道的欲望十分强烈，即使答案明显会_____，人们也会去满足自己的好奇心。
[A]提高，增长；[B]持续；[C]误导，使误信；[D]使伤心，感到疼痛。
根据语境及转折副词even可推知，此处应选[D]项。
4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查固定搭配。
句意：在连续的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生是否会为了满足好奇心而愿意让他们自己_____不愉快的刺激。
expose sb./oneself to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使面临，使遭受”，符合语境。
故选[C]项。
5.【答案】[B]【解析】根据文章第二段句首In a series of four experiments及该句后半部分a previous experiment可推知，该空处所缺词应为“实验”之意。
[A]信息；[B]实验；[C]复习；[D]观念。
故选[B]项。
6.【答案】[C]【解析】动宾搭配。
结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。
”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流。
[A]移除；[B]削弱；[C]传递；[D]打扰。
[A]项符合语境。
7.【答案】[D]【解析】考查时间状语。
句意：___被独自留在房间，学生会……”,这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。
选[D]项。
8.【答案】[A]【解析】动词辨析。
2018年管理类联考-英语真题+答案详解
2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of ChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfycuriosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,e” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1.A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3.A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7.A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8.A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9.A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10.A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11.A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17.A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1.A resolve8. A happen15.A resist2.C seek9. B such as16.A predict3.D hurt10.D discover17.B choose4.C expose11.C food18.C outcome5.B trial12.D lead to19.A whether6.C deliver13.B inquiry20.D consequences7.D when14.A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions beloweach passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assemblinga bicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it’ s for kids who can’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students___’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’ s energy supply, it’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh sucas wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about theplummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China andEurope, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, hedismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft,and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their datacenters.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keeppower flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C. techgiants are investing in clean energy D. thereis a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsAppmessaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendshipsand social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would notlink phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when theusers of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Applewhich was not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-reinpd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests,“ be lazy”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about_______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose themost suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with anew person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that momentwill strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation withthem will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice“ Just it out”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won’ t talk with you. Well they arenot talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple“ Hi” ,” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say“ Hi”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“ h” ,“hello” ,“ how are you”andgoing on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it somemorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’ ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversationfrom that point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwardsfrom there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response“ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after sometime you may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor intheir wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading“policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。
2018年考研英语二真题与答案66589
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points）Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful？Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science。
The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity。
For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment。
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2018年考研管理类联考综合英语二真题及答案解析2018年考研管理类联考综合英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 ，each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not kno w which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stim uli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Curiosity is Chicago. often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. ”Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1.A.ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2.A.refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3.A.rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4.A.alert B. expose C. tie D .treat5.A.trial B. message C. review D. concept6.A.remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7.A.Unless B .If C. When D. Though8.A.change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9.A.such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10.A.disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A.pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A.begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A.inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A.self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A.trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A.conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A.choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A.relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A.how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, butpractical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for k ids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diver sity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .A. used to have more job opportunities C. are entitled to more educational privilegesB. used to have big financial concerns D. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degree’s for all .A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provid e 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word “plummeting”(Line 2，Para.2)is closest in meaning to .A. changingB. stabilizingC. risingD. falling27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America .A. has proved to be impracticalB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. is progressing notably28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsB. wind is a widely used energy sourceC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.D. Its application has boosted battery storage.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy .A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops ft owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users o f these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefits of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed，so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed；Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .A．digital products B．user information C．physical assets D．quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Faccbook identities may .A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author，competition law .A. should serve the new market powers C. should not provide just one legal solutionB. may worsen the economic imbalance D. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users Because .A. they are not defined as customers C. the services are generally digitalB. they are not financially reliable D. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants' customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.New port also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. seize every minute to workB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can bring about greater efficiency C. is driven by task urgencyB. can result in psychological well-being D. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. approaches to getting more done in less time C. the key to eliminating distractionsB. ways to relieve the tension of busy life D. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.【题干】_________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.【题干】_________________________________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”,“hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43. 【题干】_________________________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.【题干】_________________________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45. 【题干】_________________________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their well being. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions：Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to th e list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books：recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation, and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your ow n name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2018年考研管理类联考综合英语二真题答案解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】D. resolve【解析】此题考察动词辨析。