初中英语定语从句
初中英语语法之——定语从句
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代who, 如: / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
定语从句
(Attributive clause)
一. 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或 代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式 短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中 常用‘……的’表示。 主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词, 分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任, 也可以由一个句子来担任。 作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作 后置定语。
“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代 替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主 语。
三、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人,在从句中做主语 1)The boys who ____are playing soccer are from Class 1. 2)Yesterday I helped an old man who ____lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,在口语和 非正式语体中常用who代替,常可省略。 1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who) _____________you talked about. who/whom 2) The man ______________you met just now is my friend.
初中英语定语从句知识点总结
初中英语定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它是一个句子作为定语修饰一个名词或代词的成分。
定语从句通常用于描述、限制被修饰的名词或代词,进一步说明该词的用途、性质、特征等。
二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与被修饰词的关系,可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对被修饰词的内涵进行限制,没有它则意思不完整;非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词的补充说明,起到一种附加说明的作用,如果去掉,意思仍然完整。
三、定语从句的关系词关系词是连接定语从句和主句的纽带,关系词包括that、which、who、whom、as等。
它们在定语从句中充当一定的成分,并且可以替代先行词。
1. that:既可以作为关系代词,也可以作为副词。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,指人或事物。
作主语时,谓语动词为人称代词,如:The girl that I like is standing over there.(我喜欢的女孩正在那站着。
)作宾语时,可省略。
作表语时,多用于there be结构之后。
2. which:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物。
可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如:This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这就是我昨天买的书。
)3. who/whom:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
指人。
who在从句中做主语,whom在从句中做宾语。
如:The teacher who is standing there is my English teacher.(站在那的老师是我的英语老师。
)4. as:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,既可指人也可指物。
例如:He is an artist as we all know.(他是一位我们大家都知道的艺术家。
)四、定语从句的用法1. 限制性定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰词之后,有逗号隔开。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的运用
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的运用初中英语知识点归纳——定语从句的运用定语从句(Adjective Clause)是英语语法中一个重要的部分,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,对名词或代词进行进一步的说明或者限定。
正确运用定语从句能够让我们的表达更加准确、清晰。
下面将归纳总结初中英语中定语从句的运用。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由引导词引导,根据引导词的不同可以分为以下几种情况。
1.关系代词(Relative Pronouns):- 主格:who, whom, that, which- 宾格:whom, that, which- 所有格:whose, of which2.关系副词(Relative Adverbs):- 地点:where(在某地)- 原因:why(原因)- 方式:how(方式)二、关系代词的使用关系代词引导的定语从句用来修饰人或物,并且在从句中充当句子成分。
1. 主格关系代词- who用来修饰人,做主语或者宾语。
例句1:The girl who is standing there is my sister.(那个站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。
)例句2:I met the man who you talked about yesterday.(我见到了你昨天谈论的那个男人。
)- which用来修饰物,做主语或宾语。
例句1:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)例句2:I lost the pen which you gave me.(我丢了你给我的那支笔。
)2. 宾格关系代词- whom用来修饰人,在从句中做宾语。
例句1:I have a friend whom I trust.(我有一个我信任的朋友。
)例句2:She met a boy whom she fell in love with.(她遇到了一个她爱上的男孩。
)- that用来修饰人或物,在从句中做宾语。
初中英语语法定语从句
初中英语语法—定语从句定义:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。
被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系词关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which关系副词有:when, where, why关系词作用:1起连接作用2替代作用3成分作用Mary is a beautiful girl.(形容词作定语)Mary is a girl who has long hair.(句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句。
)根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
This is the car which I bought last month.The car, which I bought last month, is very nice.一、关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)1.当先行词指人时,用关系代词that/who在从句中作主语或宾语。
whom在从句中作宾语。
如:The man who/ that gave a speech on TV is the president.昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。
(作主语)This is the strange man that/who/whom I met yesterday..这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。
We live in a house whose windows open to the south.我们居住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。
3.当先行词指物时,用关系代词that/which在从句中作主语或宾语。
初中英语知识点总结定语从句
初中英语知识点总结定语从句1.定语从句用来修饰限定名词,一般放在被修饰名词之后。
2. 引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。
关系代词的用法:1. that:指代人或物,常用于非限定性定语从句。
e.g. The book that I bought is very interesting.2. which:指代物,用于非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句。
e.g. The camera, which is very expensive, belongs to my friend.The camera which belongs to my friend is very expensive.3. who:指代人,用于限定性定语从句。
e.g. The girl who is playing basketball is my sister.4. whom:指代人,用于限定性定语从句,作为宾语时用。
e.g. The boy whom I met yesterday is from America.5. whose:指代人或物,表示所有关系,用于限定性定语从句。
e.g. The man whose car was stolen reported to the police.6. as:指代人或物,用于非限定性定语从句。
e.g. She bought a new dress, as I expected.注意事项:1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,可以省略,但在宾语位置不能省略。
e.g. I know the boy who/that broke the window.The girl (who/whom/that/which) I met yesterday is my classmate.2. 关系代词在宾语位置时,如果是指人,可以用"whom"来代替"who"。
初中英语语法之定语从句
初中英语语法之定语从句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的种类及用法
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的种类及用法定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来修饰名词或者代词。
在初中英语中,掌握定语从句的种类及用法对于提高语言表达能力具有重要意义。
本文将对初中英语中定语从句的种类及用法进行归纳总结。
一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行进一步的限制和说明,如果去掉限制性定语从句,句子的意思就会发生改变。
1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那儿的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2.关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词where, when, why可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:This is the school where I study.(这是我上学的学校。
)I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
)二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明,如果去掉非限制性定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。
1.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导非限制性定语从句。
与限制性定语从句不同的是,非限制性定语从句之后要用逗号与主句分开。
例如:Tom, who is my best friend, is very good at playing basketball.(汤姆,他是我的最好的朋友,非常擅长打篮球。
)This is my car, which was a gift from my parents.(这是我父母送给我的车。
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- which用于修饰物,既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- who用于修饰人,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- whom用于修饰人,在非正式情况下,常省略为who,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- whose表示所属关系,修饰人或物;- when表示时间,在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句;- where表示地点,在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾,用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例:1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友,他的父亲是医生。
初中英语中的定语从句解析
初中英语中的定语从句解析定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中充当定语的作用,用来修饰名词或代词。
在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个相对复杂的语法结构,需要我们掌握一定的规则和技巧。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose,关系副词包括where、when、why。
定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/关系副词 + 句子。
例如,我们可以说:I have a friend who is a doctor.(我有一个朋友,他是医生。
)这里的“who is a doctor”就是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词“a friend”。
二、关系代词和关系副词的使用1. 关系代词的使用(1)that:用于修饰人或物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如,The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)(2)which:用于修饰物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如,The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。
)(3)who:用于修饰人,只能用于非限制性定语从句。
例如,Tom, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.(汤姆,我的最好朋友,明天要来看我。
)(4)whom:用于修饰人,只能用于非限制性定语从句,作为宾语时常常被省略。
例如,The girl whom I met yesterday is a famous singer.(我昨天遇到的那个女孩是一位著名的歌手。
)(5)whose:用于修饰人或物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,表示所属关系。
例如,The boy whose father is a teacher is very smart.(那个父亲是老师的男孩非常聪明。
初中英语定语从句-课件(共29张ppt)
关系副词和先行词的关系
I still remember the day when I came here. on the day =when
关系副词实际上是介词+先行词
几种易混的情况
1.I’ll never forget the days__w_h_e_n__/i_n_w__h_ic_h_ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ___w__h_ic_h____ we spent together.
4)若主句中有疑问代词 who, which 为了 避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which.
只能用which(表示物)的情况
1. 介词后面 The room in which there was a lot of money was broken into last night.
2. 非限制性定语从句
as 引导的限制性定语从句
Please complete the following sentences and compare:
This is such an interesting book _a_s__ we all like. This is so interesting a book ___a_s_ we all like.
3.关系副词when, where, why
as 1. the same…as
2. such+n.+ as
初中英语语法——定语从句
初中英语语法——定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which。
as。
关系副词有:when。
where。
why。
how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句1) who。
whom。
that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that XXX在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3) which。
that它们所替代的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,比方:A prosperity which / that had never been XXX在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped。
(which / that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:不用that的情况:a)在引导非限定性定语从句时错)The tree。
that is four hundred years old。
初中英语定语从句(全,含练习及答案解析)
(一)定语从句的概念定语从句:一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
因此,Handsome boy = the boy who is handsomeBeautiful flower = the flower which is beautiful被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词可分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分,它所替代的相应成分应省去。
在定语从句中,当who, which, that作主语时,谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密,没有它,主句的意思也清楚,因此用逗号隔开。
关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。
(二)关系代词用法作用例句关系代词指示对象That人/物主(宾)The student that answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是约翰。
The book (that)you lent me was interesting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。
Which物主(宾)Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.Who人主(宾) A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.The man(who)you met just now is my friend. Whom人(宾)The man(whom)you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人.物定He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一:1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
初中英语 定语从句
要点一:概念请看例句:Della prefers friends who are outgoing.句中画线部分是定语从句。
【收藏夹】在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。
相关术语:先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
如上句中的 friends。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose ;关系副词有where, when等。
如上句中的who就是关系代词。
关系词常有3个作用:1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
图表分析:I like music that / which I can dance to.先行词关系代词定语从句: that / which I can dance to.要点二:关系代词的意义与功能请看例句:The number of people who lost their lives in this earthquake reached 69,107 yesterday.(从句中作主语)Environment is the topic (which / that) they are discussing. (从句中作宾语,可省略)【收藏夹】如何选用关系代词呢?关系代词在定语从句中作何成分呢?关系代词在从句中的功能作主语或宾语作主语或宾语指代指人或物指物(可与that互换)正式文体中也常用作宾语,此时可省略语,可省略后面名词的定语作主语;在口语或非指人(可与that 互换)是who 的宾格, 作宾指人是who 的所有格, 作指人或物定语从句是一种主从复合句,老师在讲述或提炼其用法时,一般都采纳教材的二合一方法,即把两个单句合称为一个主从复合句。
如:① This is a factory. ② The factory produces toys. 这两个句子可以合成: This is a factory that(which) produces toys. 可是当这个句子在成为一个试题,如 This is a factory ______ produces toys 时,就会有好多同学填或选 where 这个错误答案。
初中英语中的定语从句详解
初中英语中的定语从句详解在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个重要的语法结构。
它可以帮助我们更准确地描述人或事物,并且丰富我们的语言表达。
在本文中,我们将详细解析定语从句的使用方法和注意事项。
一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,用来进一步说明或限定名词的特征。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系代词有who、whom、whose、which和that,关系副词有where、when和why。
例如,我们可以说:“The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.”(穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
)这里的定语从句“who is wearing a red dress”修饰了名词“girl”,进一步说明了这个女孩穿着红裙子。
二、定语从句的引导词和用法1. 关系代词的用法a) who和whom:用来修饰人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
例如,“The boy who is playing basketball is my friend.”(正在打篮球的男孩是我的朋友。
)b) whose:用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
例如,“The book whose cover is torn belongs to me.”(封面破损的书是我的。
)c) which:用来修饰物,也可以修饰人。
例如,“The car which is parked outside is mine.”(停在外面的车是我的。
)d) that:既可以修饰人也可以修饰物,通常在口语和非正式写作中使用。
例如,“The movie that we watched last night was amazing.”(我们昨晚看的电影很棒。
)2. 关系副词的用法a) where:用来修饰地点。
例如,“I still remember the place where we first met.”(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的地方。
定语从句初中知识点汇总
定语从句初中知识点汇总定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,从而充实句子的信息量。
在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
本文将对定语从句的定义、结构、使用方法以及一些常见问题进行汇总和解答。
一、定语从句的定义定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,在句中充当名词的修饰成分。
它可以在句子中形成修饰成分,使句子更加丰富和具体。
定语从句通常直接跟在被修饰的名词之后,用来对名词进行说明,限定其范围或提供更多信息。
二、定语从句的结构1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词有关系主代词和关系宾代词两种。
关系主代词:who,whom,whose,that,which关系宾代词:whom,whose,that,which2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词有关系地点副词和关系时间副词两种。
关系地点副词:where关系时间副词:when,why三、定语从句的使用方法1. 修饰人的名词:The man who is standing there is my uncle.(那个站在那儿的人是我的叔叔。
)2. 修饰物的名词:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的书是我的。
)3. 修饰指代整个句子的名词:He didn't accept the offer, which surprised me.(他没有接受那个提议,这让我感到惊讶。
)4. 对所修饰的名词进行进一步限定:The car that was parked outside was stolen.(停在外面的那辆车被盗了。
)四、常见问题解答1. 关系代词that和which的区别是什么?关系代词that通常只用来修饰物的名词,而which可以用来修饰人或物的名词。
此外,that在定语从句中不能省略,而which可以省略。
例如:The car that I bought is red.(我买的那辆车是红色的。
初中英语之定语从句知识点_初中定语从句知识点归纳
初中英语之定语从句知识点_初中定语从句知识点归纳定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
初中定语从句的知识点有哪些?今天小编分享一些有关初中英语之定语从句知识点_初中定语从句知识点归纳,希望对你有帮助。
定语从句知识点:定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用的表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。
关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。
初中英语定语从句课件(23张)
1) I prefer shoes that cool. 2) I like a pizza that really delicious. 3) I love singers who beautiful. 4) I have a friend who sports.
who/that
who/that/whom
that/which
who/that/whom
主语
宾语
宾语
宾语
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用who,不能用that:
√当one, ones, anybody, anyone, those 等作先行词时〔 指人〕一般用who,不用that.
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用that ,不能用who:
√当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the woman that you talked with just now?
which和that指物的区别:
只能用which,不能用that
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
√介词后面只能用which
1) 先行词既有人又有物时;
√ 只用that不用which
初中英语定语从句课件
• 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有时使用 that/which;同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用when, 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点:一是定语从句 是否完整;二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个 及物动词。请比较以下句子:
定语从句
(Attributive clause) 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词
的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
合并句子:
1.The man is a farmer. 2.The man is speaking at the meeting.
• 关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关
系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词 +which来替代。如:when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which介词的位 置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动 词之后。
Whom 作定语从句的宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
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初中英语定语从句定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
定语从句通常放在先行词之后,并由关系词引导。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that。
which。
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where。
when。
why等。
定语从句中,关系代词和关系副词起到连接作用,同时也是定语从句的重要成分。
例如,This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science。
在这个句子中,先行词是engineer,关系代词是who,定语从句修饰先行词engineer。
常见的关系代词包括who和whom,它们都指人,在定语从句中分别作主语、宾语。
在口语中,who常用来代替whom。
例如,The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。
这句话中,先行词是girl,关系代词是who,定语从句修饰先行词girl。
The girl who often helps me with English is British.Who is the teacher that Li Ming is talking to?Her brother is the young worker who invented this tool.This is the boy I helped.age of "which"Which" refers to things and can be used as the subject or object in a subordinate clause。
In informal language。
it can be omitted as an object。
For example:The building standing near the train n is a supermarket。
which we visited yesterday。
(Subject)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。
(Object) The factory that produces these cars is very large.This is the book you want.age of "whose"Whose" refers to people or things and is used as an adjective in a subordinate clause。
It cannot be omitted。
Sometimes。
"of which" can be used instead。
For example:Do you live in the room whose window opens to the west?This is the student whose n is the best in our class.age of "that"That" can refer to people or things and can be used as the subject or object in a subordinate clause。
In informal language。
it is often omitted as an object。
For example:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。
(Subject)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。
(Object)There were once six blind men who lived in a village in India.Wheat is a plant that is grown in the north of China.The letter that I received was from my father。
who lives in another city。
It was a surprise because we hadn't talked in a while。
I immediately opened it and read its contents。
The letter contained updates on my family and my father's life。
He shared that he had recently retired and was enjoying his newfound free time。
He also talked about his hobbies。
which included gardening and reading。
I was happy to hear that he was doing well and enjoying his retirement。
Overall。
it was a arming letter that reminded me ofthe importance of staying in touch with loved ones.1.The tree。
which is four hundred years old。
is very famous here.2.We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land which we get our food from.3.I don't know what he did.Summary:that" can refer to both people and things。
cannot be omittedas a subject。
and can be omitted as an object。
which" refers to things。
cannot be omitted as a subject。
and can be omitted as an object。
who" refers to people。
cannot be omitted as a subject。
and can be omitted as an object (often replaced with "whom")。
Note:1) When the relative clause contains a n and the n is placed at the end of the clause。
"who/that/which" can be omitted。
However。
when the n is placed before the relative pronoun。
only the "n + which/whom" structure can be used。
2) In fixed nal verb phrases。
the n cannot be placed beforethe relative pronoun。
and must remain in its original n。
3) When "that" is the object of a n。
the n cannot be placed before it。
and can only be placed after the verb in the clause。
2.Relative adverbs in adjective clausesEnglish relative adverbs include "when," "where," "why," etc。
They act as adverbial modifiers of time。
place。
reason。
etc。
and cannot be omitted in adjective clauses。
1."When" refers to time and modifies the preceding time-related antecedent。
acting as a time adverb in the relative clause。
equivalent to "at/in/on which."1.I thought of the days。
We studied together.I thought of the days when we studied together.2.He came。
The students needed him.He came at a time when the students needed him.3.This is the farm。
My grandfather once worked on it. This is the farm where my grandfather once worked.4.That is the place。
We lived there two years ago. That is the place where we lived two years ago.5.I don’t know the reason。
You get so angry with me.I don’t know the reason why you get so angry with me.6.Do you know the reason。
He was late for school. Do you know the reason why he was late for school?7.This is the house。
He lived in it last year.This is the house where he lived last year.8.This is the house。