专题17 非谓语动词

专题17 非谓语动词
专题17 非谓语动词

2014全国高考汇编之非谓语动词

一(2014安徽卷)32.While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.

A. promote

B. promoted

C. promoting

D. to promote

【考点】考察谓语动词用法

【答案】B

【解析】本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid 获得报酬;本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义:在等待着背提拔的机会的时候,Herry 全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。

二(2014北京卷)25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.

A.watch

B. to watch

C. watched

D. watching

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】D

【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词中的现在分词短语做定语的用法,因为动词watch与前面的名词millions of people构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以使用现在分词做定语。本句中的watching the opening ceremony live on TV相当于定语从句who were watching the opening ceremony live on TV.同时本句只是一个简单句,已经有了一个主谓结构了。句意:昨天晚上有成千上万人在电视里观看了开幕式。故D正确。

【举一反三】The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being started

C. to start

D. to be started

【答案】A

【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生,故排除C、D(不定式常表将来),B(being done)一般表进行,也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语

三(2014北京卷)28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on

the Moon.

A. solving

B. solved

C. being solved

D.to be solved

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】D

【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词的基本用法。现在分词doing表示主动或者正在进行的动作;过去分词done表示被动或者已经完成的动作,不定式to do 表示主动或者将要发生的动作。句意:在我们准备在月球上长期生活之前,还有很多问题有待于解决。根据句意可知很多问题还没有被解决,都是未来将要发生的事情,所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的,所以使用不定式的被动语态。故D正确。

【举一反三】We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

【答案】C

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为work与do为被动关系,而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义,或用不定式的被动形式,故选C。谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。

四(2014北京卷)35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..

A. recognizing

B. being recognized

C. having recognized

D. having been recognized

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】B

【解析】在非谓语动词中,介词的后面常常接动名词做宾语,所以本句中的介词without后面接动名词。句意:这位电影明星带着太阳镜,因此他可以去买东西而不被认出。根据句意可知使用的是动名词的被动语态形式。故B正确。

五(2014大纲卷)23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.

A. carry

B. carrying

C. carried

D. to be carrying

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【答案】B

【解析】本题查看的是非谓语动词中的分词做定语用法。动词carry与前面的名词airplanes 构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以使用现在分词短语carrying more people than ever before在句中做定语。相当于短语从句which carry more people than ever before.句义:现在太空中有更多的能够运载比以前的飞机运载更多的乘客的飞机。故B正确。

【举一反三】Mark lives in a big pleasant room ______ approximately 5 meters by 6 meters.

A. measures

B. measuring

C. to be measured

D. having measured

【答案】B

试题分析:本句中的动词measure可以作为及物动词vt.测量;估量;也可以表示:距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为…;本句中的measure表示的就是第2层含有距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为….;动词measure与前面的名词room构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用现在分词measuring approximately 5 meters by 6 meter来修饰前面的名词room。句义:Mark生活在一个面积大约为5米乘6米的很大的舒服的房子里。故B正确。

考点:考察分词做定语

六(2014福建卷)27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

A. Spending

B. Spent

C. Having spent

D. To spend

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】本句考察的是分词做状语的用法。动词spend与主句主语Linda构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以使用现在分词在句中做状语。而spend the past year…这个动作是在主句谓语appears more mature之前就发生的,所以使用现在分词的完成式。句义:作为交换生在香港过了一年,Linda表现得比她的同龄人更为成熟。故C正确。

【举一反三】“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ____ away.

A. run

B. running

C. to run

D. ran

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:分词running与句中主语Janet为逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词shout同

时发生。本题大意,“你不能抓住我!”Janet喊着,逃跑了,故B正确。分词作状语的用法需要注意分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。

七(2014福建卷)30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.

A. connected

B. connecting

C. to connect

D. to be connected

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】A

【解析】系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词,如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt 被烫伤;本句中的stay connected保持联系。句义:对于那些家人在远方的人,电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。

八(2014湖南卷)23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

A. Understanding

B. To be understood

C. Being understood

D. Having understood

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【答案】A

【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中的动名词做主语的用法。本句中的动名词定语understanding your own needs and styles of communication在句中是主语,单个的非谓语动词做主语,谓语动词要使用单数形式。句义:理解你自己的需要和交流方式和知道表达你的爱和情绪一样重要。本句不存在被动关系,排除BC项。D项是现在分词的完成式,表示的是已经完成的动作,与句义不相符。故A正确。

【举一反三】—What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?

— ______ to go hiking with his brother.

A. Having not been allowed

B. Not having allowed

C. Having not allowed

D. Not having been allowed

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:考查非谓语动词。本题考查动名词短语作主语,根据句意可知是“没有被允许”,故用被动语态。句意:——什么使得小托尼不开心,在房间里哭呢?——没有允许和他哥哥一起去徒步旅行。故D正确。

九(2014湖南卷)27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.

A. to stare

B. staring

C. stared D, having stared

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【答案】B

【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。前面句中的隐含主语是I,主语I和后面的动词stare之间构成主动关系,所以使用现在分词做状语,表示该动词与前面句中的动词同时发生。句义:没有什么快乐可能和躺着草地上看着夜晚的天空更让人快乐!A项不定式表示的将来的动作故B正确。

【举一反三】how to work out the difficult physics problem ,he asked the teacher for help .

A. Not to know

B. Not knowing

C. Knowing not

D. Not known

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意是:不知道怎么解决这个难的物理问题,他向老师求助。因为he和know 是主动关系,用现在分词做状语,否定式是在现在分词前面加not,选B。

十(2014湖南卷)35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought

and inner quietness.

A.Having freed

B. Freed

C. To free

D. Freeing

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】不定式做目的状语是不定式的一个经典用法。而且本句的主语we和动词free之间构成主动关系,可以使用不定式或者现在分词。但是A项使用的是不定式的完成式,表示已经完成的动作,这不符合上下文语境。句义:为了让我们免受精神和身体压力的伤害,我们每个人都需要深入的思考和内心的安宁。

【举一反三】With Father’s Day around the corn er ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.

A. buy

B. to buy

C. buying

D. to have bought

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词

〖解析〗句意:父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B。

十一(2014江苏卷)29. His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.

A. being given

B. having given

C. to be given

D. having been given

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】D

【解析】本题较难,a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子,本题的两部分之间缺少连词,所以逗号前面的不能是句子,只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动,排除B项。A项表示正在进行,C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义,D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意:他的演讲结束后,将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。

【举一反三】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.

A.having B had C. have D. to have

【答案】A

【考点】考查独立主格结构。

【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式,题中没有连词,无法并存两个句子。to have表将来;having表伴随,因此,选A。

十二(2014江苏卷)35.—! Somebody has left the lab door open.

—Don't look at me.

A. Dear me

B. Hi, there

C. Thank goodness

D. Come on

【考点】考察交际用语

【答案】A

(表示惊讶)Hi,there嗨,你好;Thank goodness 【解析】本题考察的是交际用语。Dear me天哪!

谢天谢地;Come on加油;得了吧!句意:—天哪!有人让实验室的门开着。—不要看着我!不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。

十三(2014江西卷)31. ___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel .

A. Having spent

B. To spent

C. Spent

D. To have spent

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】A

【解析】本题考察的是分词做状语用法。动词spend与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以使用现在分词spending的形式,而本句中spend all our money是发生在谓语动词之前的,所以使用现在分词的完成式having spent。句义:几乎把所有的钱都花完了,我们没有钱住宾馆了。B项通常在句中做目的状语。CD项表示被动。故A正确。

【举一反三】________ many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

A. Having been told

B. Having told

C. Telling

D. Told

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:他虽然被告诉过许多次但仍旧犯同样的错误。这里是非谓语动词做状语,having done在谓语动词之前发生表示主动。having been done在谓语动词之前发生表示被动。选A。

十四(2014江西卷)34.He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .

A. to act

B. to have acted

C. acting

D. having acted

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】B

【解析】本句考察的是固定句式:Sb be though to…某人被认为…;如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作,就使用不定式的完成式,如果是正在进行的动作,就使用不定式的进行式。句义:他被认为表现很糟糕,现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句义可知他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前,所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正确。

【举一反三】A ship loaded with expensive goods was reported ________ into the sea with its oil ________ .

A. to sink ; given out

B. to have sunk ; run out

C. having sunk ; used up

D. to have sunk ; run out of

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:本题第一空是一个固定句式sth be reported to have done据说做了某事;使用不

定式的完成式表示已经完成,已经发生的动作。第二空是with的复合结构,名词its oil与动词短语run out of构成被动关系,故使用run out of。Run out是没有被动语态。句义:据报道一艘装满昂贵货物的船由于汽油用完而沉没在大海里。故D正确。

十五(2014山东卷)6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again.

A. saying

B. says

C. said

D. having said

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【答案】A

【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词中的分词做定语的用法。本句中的名词note与动词say 之间构成主动关系,所以使用现在分词短语作定语。D项是现在分词的完成式,表示已经完成的动作,这在上下文中没有体现。句义:有一个纸条被钉在门上,写着:商店什么时候再开门。本句中的saying相当于定语从句which says…。故A正确。

【试题延伸】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。

【举一反三】Mark lives in a big pleasant room ______ approximately 5 meters by 6 meters.

A. measures

B. measuring

C. to be measured

D. having measured

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:本句中的动词measure可以作为及物动词vt.测量;估量;也可以表示:距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为…;本句中的measure表示的就是第2层含有距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为….;动词measure与前面的名词room构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用现在分词measuring approximately 5 meters by 6 meter来修饰前面的名词room。句义:Mark生活在一个面积大约为5米乘6米的很大的舒服的房子里。故B正确。

考点:考察分词做定语

十六(2014山东卷)9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.

A. employed

B. being employed

C. to employ

D. employs

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】本题考察的是不定式的复合结构的用法。不定式的复合结构为:for sb to do sth;说明不定式动作的发出者。如:It is difficult for you to solve the problem.句义:对于像这样的

公司雇佣保安是非常标准的做法。故C正确。

十七(2014陕西卷)12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ f or a swim?

A. to go

B. going C go D. having gone

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】B

【解析】本题考察的是固定搭配feel like doing sth想要做某事;动词短语feel like后面只能接动名词做宾语。句义:今天很人,你想要去游泳吗?D项表示的是已经完成的动作。故B 正确。

十八(2014陕西卷)20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.

A. Working out

B. Worked out

C. To work out

D. Work out

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】本题考察的是不定式做目的状语的用法,在非谓语动词中通常只有不定式才可以表示目的状语。句义:为了算出这个数学问题,我已经咨询了拉塞尔教授好几次了。ABD三项都不能表示目的状语。故C正确。

十九(2014四川卷)5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.

A. having developed

B. to develop

C. developed

D. develop

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语,因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系,故使用过去分词。句意:经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系,B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。

【举一反三】The specialist at the meeting will give us a lecture next week .

A. referred

B. referred to

C. referring

D. referring to

【答案】B

试题分析:句意:在会议上被提到的专家将在下周给我们做个讲座。这里需要定语,修饰the specialist,refer to“提到,参考,所指”,the specialist和refer to是被动关系,用过去分

词做定语,选B。

二十(2014四川卷)7. — I hope to take the computer course.

— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.

A. To find out

B. Finding out

C. To be finding out

D. Having found out 【考点】考察不定式做目的状语

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词中的不定式用法。动词不定式可以放在句首作目的状语,译为“为了…”。句意:——我想参加这个电脑课程。——好主意。要想得到更多有关的信息,请登陆这个网站。Visit this website是一个祈使句,表示建议。故A正确。

二十一(2014天津卷)5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it d idn’t fit

A. to find

B. found

C. finding

D. having found

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】A

【解析】本题考察的是不定式做结果状语用法,在非谓语动词中,不定式常常和only连用,表示意料之外的结果。现在分词doing常常表示意料之中的结果。句义:很着急,她把裙子从包装里拿了出来,结果却发现裙子不合适。她很着急地试穿裙子,但是裙子不合适。说明这是意料之外的结果,所以使用A项。

【举一反三】George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

【答案】A

【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果;现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系,因此用to be told。句意:乔治战争后回到家,结果被告知妻子已经离开了。

二十二(2014天津卷)7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

A. writing

B. to write

C. written

D. being written

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。句中动词write与句子逐渐与the book构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AB项,因为AB项都表示主动,D 项是现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在被做。而本句的过去分词written表示被动和已经完成。句义:被写得很清楚很周到,这本书激励着那些追求自己生活中的答案的学生。故C 正确。

【试题延伸】当分词做状语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做状语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系,可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。

【举一反三】in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.

A. Opened

B. Having opened

C. Opening

D. Being opened

【答案】A

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业,与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系;D项Being opened表正在进行,但开业的事实已经发生,故选A。

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A. to appoint

B. appointing

C. appointed

D. having appointed 【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】C

【解析】本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语appointed

to guard her做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意:残疾的Annie Salmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。

【举一反三】—Who is the man ______ by a group of students there?

—A professor _____ research on physics.

A. followed; did

B. following; did

C. followed; doing

D. following; doing

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意为:----后面跟着一群学生的那位男士是谁?----做物理研究的一位教授。the man 与follow之间的关系为被动作后置定语,应为followed, a professor与do 之间的关系为主动,教授做研究。故应为C

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A.turning

B. returned

C. to turn

D. to be returned

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【答案】B

【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中分词做定语的用法。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras,从语法作用上来说相当于一个定语从句which are returned ….。D项中使用的是不定式的被动形式,表示的将来要发生的事情。句意:这位生产商经常过来收集因为质量问题被退还的相机。故B正确。

【举一反三】Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.

A. to borrow

B. to be borrowed

C. borrowed

D. borrowing

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词

〖解析〗句意:怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。题干中空格划在名词maps后, 空格后部分是对maps解释说明, 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语, 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系, borrow和maps是被动关系, 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种:to be done, being done, done, to be done表示动作将要发生, being done表示动作正在发生, done表示用作已经完成, 根据句意borrow的动作已经完成, 因此选择C。

二十五(2014重庆卷)11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.

A. helping

B. having helped

C. helped

D. to help

【考点】考察非谓语动词用法

【答案】D

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The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

A. looked at

B. to look at

C. to looking at

D. look at

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。

〖解析〗当那女明星走进教室时, 所有的孩子都转向她。用不定式表目的。答案B

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