南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案
2007年南京大学考博英语真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(255)
2007年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(总分110, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.We were______in the middle of our conversation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cut offB cut downC cut inD cut out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：cut off中断，切断。
cut down砍倒，胜过。
cut in把……插进，插入。
cut out切掉，取代。
2.______fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.SSS_SINGLE_SELA LikeB AlikeC AsD Comparing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：此处as就如……，像……一样。
like像。
alike相同的，相似的。
3.My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ______I keep to this day.SSS_SINGLE_SELA and thusB andC soD and which该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：先行词是the watch，由两个并列的定语从句共同修饰。
关系代词which 在两个定语从句的成分不同：一个作主语，一个作宾语，故第二个which不能省略。
4.I don't mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive ______for dinner.SSS_SINGLE_SELA unusuallyB excessivelyC consequentlyD unexpectedly该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：unexpectedly出乎意料地，忽然的。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2003年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．This platform would collapse if all of us______on it.A．standB．stoodC．would standD．had stood正确答案：B解析：本题是说如果我们都站在讲台上，它就会塌了。
本题考查的是一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式，因此B项正确。
2．The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police.A．plungedB．plungeC．was plungingD．to plunge正确答案：B解析：本题意为“看见车陷入河里的年轻人给警察局打了电话”。
see sth．do 表示看到事物动作的整个过程，因此B项为正确答案。
3．You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for haft an hour.A．unlessB．so far asC．exceptD．if正确答案：D解析：本题意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧”。
只有D项符合题意。
4．We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______.A．inexplicableB．healthyC．soundD．straight正确答案：C解析：本题后半句是说他的判断总是很正确。
2009年度江苏南京大学考博英语试卷及解答
2009年江苏南京大学考博英语试卷及解答题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and Vocabulary1． The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take______ when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well-known scenic spot.A．solutionB．sightC．intellectD．precedence正确解答：D解析：句子大意为：当准备穿过这个著名的风景区修建一条道路的时候，是成本第一还是环境第一，政府必须做个决定。
在给出的选项中：solution“解决方案”；sight“视力、景象”；intellect“智力”：precedence“优先”。
所以，正确解答是D。
2． Trimmer is known as a tough manager who demands ______results.A．credibleB．undeniableC．dynamicD．tangible正确解答：B解析：句子大意为：特里默是一位严厉的经理，他只要无可争辩的好结果。
在给出的选项中：credible“可信的”；undeniable“大家公认的、无可争辩的”；dynamic“动态的”；tangible“有形的、可感的”。
所以，正确解答是B。
3． He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a ______ of Henry Kissinger.A．casualtyB．criteriaC．dissectionD．necessity正确解答：C解析：句子大意为：他正在阅读林登·约翰逊的传记和亨利·基辛格的解析。
(完整)2006年考研英语真题及答案,推荐文档
2006年考研英语试题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.” 1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain 3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward 4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep 5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not 6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ 7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that 8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers 10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only 12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas 15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up 17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating 18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus 19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes 20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing 22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A.played a role in the spread of popular culture. B.became intimate shops for common consumers. C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. A.are resistant to homogenization. B.exert a great influence on American culture. C.are hardly a threat to the common culture. D.constitute the majority of the population. 24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants. D. To show the powerful influence of American culture. 25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to themwhen the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment. B. small species survived as large animals disappeared. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago. C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount. D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old. 33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D. the data collected so far are out of date. 34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time. B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level. D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation 35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ A.management efficiency B.biomass level C.catch-size limits D.technological application. Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music. B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling. C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness. D. Artist have changed their focus of interest. 37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means somethingA. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial 38.In the author’s opinion, advertising A.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part. B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peer C.replace the church as a major source of information D.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes A.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness. B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing. C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied. D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms 40.Which of the following is true of the text? A.Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B.Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C.People feel disappointed at the realities of morality. D.mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter notingthe medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________. The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business. (A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected. (B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative? (C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit. (D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government. (E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it. (F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. (G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so? Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual. First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics. The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) Part B 52. Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should 1.describe the photos briefly, 2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3.give your point of view. 有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上图2 花300元做“小贝头” 注：Beckham 是英国足球明星 有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006年医学考博英语真题附答案
2006年医学考博英语真题附答案31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.B.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。
32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her raceA.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance withC.with respect toD.on account of 由于33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried.publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A..put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻ugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利 y offv.解雇, 停止工作,休息, 划出36.It is sheer （完全的; 十足的） ___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise 天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。
2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Error Identification 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you?A．that I callB．for callingC．that I am callingD．to my calling正确答案：D解析：object to (doing) sth. 不赞成，反对做某事。
句中my是calling的逻辑主语；object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。
2．______ initial recognition while still quite young.A．Most famous scientists achievedB．That most famous scientists schievedC．Most famous scientists who achievedD．For most famous scientists to achieve正确答案：A解析：根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分。
while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A项是独立、完整的句子。
3．The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred ______.A．the area in which dinosaurs roamedB．when dinosaurs roamed the areaC．did dinosaurs roam the areaD．dinosaurs roaming the area正确答案：B解析：本题空缺部分应该在句中做状语，选项B符合。
南京大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
南京大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B.Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the______donor.A．commonB．universalC．generalD．popular正确答案：B解析：固定用法。
根据常识O型血的人是“万能献血者”，固定表达为universal donor。
故答案为B。
2．His total worldly possessions______little more than the clothes he stood up in.A．amounted toB．turned upC．settled forD．came at正确答案：A解析：动词词组辨析。
amount to“数量上达到，意义上等于”；turn up“到达，来到”；settle for“勉强接受，同意”；come at“扑向，冲向”。
根据句意，他所有的财产“就是”他身上穿的衣服。
故答案为A。
3．This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.A．introductionB．combinationC．applicationD．conception正确答案：C解析：名词词义辨析。
2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
1 9H e
his own life to savethatchild. B) gave D) immersed
A) jeopardized C) devoted
201
the fishing rod back and lost the fish.
A) towed C) hauled
B) drew D) jerked
( 60minutes 50points) Comprehension PartII Reading
in Directions:There are six passages this part. Each passage followed by some questions unfinished statements. each of them there are four For or which one is the best choices markedA B C andD, you shoulddecide then mark the corresponding letter on the answerto the question, with a singlelinethrough center. the AnswerSheet Passagel. Questions2l to 24 arebasedon the following passage on The United NationsConference Drug Abusethat took placeearlierthis year in Vienna,was a very productive As of meeting. neverbefore,the nations the world to and individual differences demonstrated willingn.r, to'out asid" iO*ologi.al a confronta common threat. gatherings this subjecthavenot seenthe same on Most previousinternational intensity of the delegateinterest.Many nations have gone through a shock of ago,only thosenationsidentifiedas "consuming countries" recognition. decade A werethoughtto havea serious Today, only havemany"producing drugproblem. not alsobecome countries" countries", manyhavewitnessed growth the but "consuming within their bordersof drug trafficking(often allied with leftist guerrillff and to Many developing temorists) powerfulthey present danger the state's so a stability. countries now havethe worstof bothworlds,in that they grow their own narcotics and addictlargenumbers their own people. of Thereis a growingsense fright in of many govemments matters out of controland the singleway to recoveris that are throughcooperation othercountries. with The high pointsof the conference werethe draftingof two documents, of both withouta dissenting which were adopted vote.One was a joint declaration intent of to combat drug abuse and trafficking. Tlre other consistedof many detailed policies\. suggestions particular for regional national and Overall,the conference developed two-levelaction plan.The focuswas on a ways to curb the demand dangerous for drugsand on methods destroying at of or process. leastinterrupting distribution the
2008年南京大学考博英语部分参考答案
2008年南京大学考博英语部分参考答案（此项为赠送）不能做标准答案Section 1Part 11-5 BDABD 6-10 ABACCPart 211-15 CCCBB 16-20 BDACDPart 321-25 BCABC 26-30DDCCDSection 226-30 C A B D D 31-35 B B D C B 36-40 D ? C B A 41-45 D B A C CTranslationPart A (此文节选自新概念英语第四本第25课)在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会他们认为对这个问题进行调查中浪费时间, 甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。
另一方面，那些讨厌噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。
要求减少噪音是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很遗憾的。
对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究,看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。
例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。
即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难受。
但是，不管进行精神病学的调查访问，还是进行客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。
这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话，那也一定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法还发现不了。
这并不是证实不存在噪音对健康的影响。
Part B1.Science and technology constitute a primary productive force. To revitalize the economy, whatwe first do is to promote science. We can gain initiative in drastic competition only when we confirmedly propel the development of science. Our economy is confronted with the great task of accelerating development and adjusting structure so as to improve economic performance. To accomplish the task, scientific consciousness must be improved all around the society and more must be invested in science and technology to make progress with the help of science and technology.2.World Intellectual Property Organization is an inter-governmental organization, theheadquarter of which is located in Geneva. It is one of many specialized agencies attached to UN. It is in charge of boosting the protection of world intellectual property through international cooperation. Intellectual property involves two mains: industrial property right and copyright. At present, the protection of world property should be attached special importance by us.3.Cultural exchange came into being since people got culture. By and large, culture originatesfrom the communication among countries and nationalities. The communication propels cultural development and mutual study, and favors the construction of cultural diversities. In the new period, we should attach much importance to communication with foreign countries, constantly drawing lessons from them and enrich Chinese culture as time goes by.。
考博复习中科院考博2006年英语试题
助力考博复习真题及解析中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试SAMPLE TESTTHE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESPAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.A. postB. statusC. positionD. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.A. legibleB. legitimateC. legislativeD. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A. endB. handC. coreD. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.A. impededB. impartedC. imploredD. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.A. spell outB. call uponC. fall overD. resort to6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grosslyB. severelyC. rapidlyD. drastically7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.A. elitismB. eloquenceC. eminenceD. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.A. alteredB. criticizedC. incorporatedD. translated9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.A. overB. withC. downD. through10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.A. discriminatingB. distributingC. disagreeingD. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to____________ them.A. find fault withB. make the most ofC. look down uponD. get even with12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveB. evasiveC. intensiveD. exhaustive13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.A. intoleranceB. pessimismC. injusticeD. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.A. countB. insistC. fallD. dwell15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their__________ and ran into the elevator.A. heartsB. tempersC. headsD. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price of17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.A. honestlyB. graciouslyC. coherentlyD. flexibly19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance inB. imagination atC. resemblance toD. predominance over20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.A. shout downB. get roundC. comply withD. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources.It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists,and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996)21. A. one B. it C. this D. there22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably28. A. in B. with C. as D. to29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31. A. on B. up C. down D. out32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track35. A. if B. or C. while D. asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materialsavailable to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective.The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological,etc., factors within a common base.As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.A. finding the most important cause for a particular historicaleventB. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the eventC. determining the common strands that make up a historicaleventD. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be______________.A. combining elements of different material into a unified wholeB. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an eventC. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventD. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because ____________.A. the events in history are more important than the people who make historyB. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical eventsC. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actionD. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses.C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage 2When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task for a large department.Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos.A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area.(Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.)Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the car—patrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, thecomputer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.A. Computers and CrimesB. Patrol Car DispatchingC. The Powerful ComputersD. The Police with Modern Equipment42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.A. locate every patrol carB. guarantee cars on regular patrolsC. keep in touch with each police carD. find out which car should respond to the incoming call43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.A. the dispatchers will be bored with itB. the officers may become carelessC. the criminals may take advantage of itD. the streets will be in a state of chaos44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at______________.A. assigning cars to regular patrolsB. responding to the incoming callsC. ordering officers to report their locationD. making routine patrols unpredictable45. According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?A. Police officers report their status constantly.B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell astory than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think,well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. Iftheir case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.46. According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to ______________.A. tell it in a creative wayB. take from it what the child likesC. add to it whatever at handD. read it out of the story book.47. In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author’s attitude towards fairy stories?A. He sees in them the worst of human nature.B. He dislikes everything about them.C. He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.D. He is expectant of the experimental results.48. According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to ____________.A. make children aggressive the whole lifeB. incite destructiveness in childrenC. function as a safety valve for childrenD. add children’s enjoyment of cruelty to others49. If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be______________.A. scared to deathB. taking it and even enjoying itC. suffering more the pain of fearD. dangerously terrified50. The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that ___________.A. old fairy stories keep updating themselves to cater for modern needsB. fairy stories have claimed many lives of victimsC. fairy stories have thrown our world into chaosD. fairy stories are after all fairy storiesPassage 4There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod.Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.” More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’ conduct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.51. The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a childfrom violent parents of ____________.A. a family on welfareB. a poor uneducated familyC. an educated black familyD. a middle-class white family52. “Sparing the rod” (in boldface) means ____________.A. spoiling childrenB. punishing childrenC. not caring about childrenD. not beating children53. Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _____________.A. taken as illegal in the New York StateB. considered being in the teacher’s provinceC. officially approved by lawD. disapproved by school teachers54. From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably thevictim of ____________.A. teachers’ corporal punishmentB. misjudgment of the courtC. parents’ ill-treatmentD. street violence55. The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run _____________.A. prevent violence of adultsB. save more childrenC. protect children from ill-treatmentD. better the systemPassage 5With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university scholars, literary economists, scientists or evenpoets. Disastrous deaths may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate acquaintances. A story set in a more remote African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably true background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant” novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly take delight in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two brokenribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler, He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with anear-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.56. The crime novel is regarded by the author as _________________.A. a not respectable form of the traditional novelB. not a true novel at allC. related in some ways to the historical novelD. a distinct branch of the traditional novel57. The creation of detective stories has its origin in _______________.A. seeking rest from work or worriesB. solving mysterious deaths in this societyC. restoring expectations in polite societyD. preventing crimes58. The characters of the detective stories are, generally speaking,_____________.A. more profound than those of the traditional novelsB. as real as life itselfC. not like human beings at allD. not very profound but not unlikely59. The setting of the detective stories is sometimes in a more remote place because ___________.A. it is more realB. our friends are familiar with itC. it pleases the readers in a wayD. it needs the readers’ support60. The writer of this passage thinks _____________.A. what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB. people like to feel that justice and goodness will always triumphC. they know in the real world good does not prevail over evilD. their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction readingPassage 6Whenever we are involved in a creative type of activity that isself-rewarding, a feeling overcomes us—a feeling that we can call “flow.” When we are flowing we lose all sense of time and awareness of what is happening around us; instead, we feel that everything is going just right.A rock dancer describes his feeling of flow like this: “If I have enough space, I feel I can radiate an energy into the atmosphere. I can dance for walls, I dance for floors. I become one with the atmosphere.” “You are in an ecstatic state to such a point that you don’t exist,” says a composer, describing how he feels when he “flows.” Players of any sport throughout the world are familiar with the feeling of flow; they enjoy their activity very much, even though they can expect little extrinsic reward. The same holds true for surgeons, cave explorers, and mountain climbers.Flow provides a sort of physical sensation along with an altered state of being. One man put it this way: “Your body feels good and awake all over. Your energy is flowing.” People who flow feel part of this energy; that is,they are so involved in what they are doing that they do not think of themselves as being separate from their activity. They are flowing along with their enjoyment. Moreover, they concentrate intensely on their activity. They do not try to concentrate harder, however; the concentration comes automatically. A chess player compares this concentration to breathing. As they concentrate, these people feel immersed in the action, lost in the action. Their sense of time is altered and they skip meals and sleep without noticing their loss. Sizes and spaces also seem altered: successful baseball players see and hit the ball so much better because it seems larger to them. They can even distinguish the seams on a ball approaching them at 165 kilometers per hour.It seems then that flow is a “floating action” in which the individual is aware of his actions but not aware of his awareness. A good reader is so absorbed in his book that he knows he is turning the pages to go on reading, but he does not notice he is turning these pages. The moment people think about it, flow is destroyed, so they never ask themselves questions such as “Am I doing well?” or “Did everyone see my jump?”Finally, to flow successfully depends a great deal on the activity itself; not too difficult to produce anxiety, not too easy to bring about boredom; challenging, interesting, fun. Some good examples of flow activities are games and sports, reading, learning, working on what you enjoy, and。
2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．Hunting is thought to be______for the extinction of some wildlife.A．responsibleB．blamedC．chargedD．denounced正确答案：A解析：形容词词义辨析。
句意：狩猎被认为导致了一些野生动物的灭绝。
选项中可以与be…for搭配的只有选项A和选项B，responsible“负责任的”，短语搭配为be responsible for；B选项blame与for连用时，通常结构为to be blame for，主动结构表被动意义，不能使用blamed被动形式；becharged with为固定搭配，意为“被控告”；denounce“公然抨击”与语境不符。
故答案为A。
2．The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs.A．reciprocalB．bilateralC．considerateD．rewarding正确答案：A解析：近义词辨析。
bilateral着重双边的、双方的关系。
reciprocal表示“互惠的，相应的”，强调有来有往和行为上有共同点。
句中提及在美国学生参观了我们学校之后，我们也要去参观他们的。
语境强调有来有往的互访，bilateral更合适。
considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”；rewarding“有益的”不符合句意。
南京大学考研基础英语真题2008年_真题-无答案
南京大学考研基础英语真题2008年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)Part One: Reading Comprehension and VocabularyRead the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.The Ethics of Foreign PolicyBy Felix Morley1. The architects of foreign policy throughout the ages have frequently asserted that morality plays an important part in their official planning and conduct.2. This dubious claim has received much partisan support, but relatively little objective examination. The failure to exercise~ the critical faculty toward the acts of one"s own government, while readily believing the worst in respect to the acts of other governments, is a tribute to the virtue of patriotism rather than to the quality of scientific analysis. The law of averages alone would indicate, without reference to cases, that in countless number of disputes between sovereignties, no single government is likely to have demonstrated superior morality consistently, except in the opinion of its own adherents.3. The logical assumption would be that the foreign policy of any government is **pletely "good", in the sense of being a perfect exponent of the moral code of its time and place, and equally seldom is it absolutely "evil", in the sense of being wholly oblivious to current moral standards.4. From the ethical viewpoint **plexion of foreign policy would seem to be a habitual, though not uniform, gray. It is therefore the more desirable to indicate precisely why moral considerations, while seldom altogether ignored, are nevertheless of wholly secondary importance in determining the relations of governments.5. Men are endowed by their Creator with a moral sense. They possess an intangible organ, to which we give the name "conscience", that distinguishes between the more and the less admirable choices in all the countless occasions of decision that occur in an individual lifetime.6. Conscience may be strong to the extreme of obduracy or weak to the point of impotence, but it is seldom altogether non-existent. Men have this inborn sense of "knowing with", or being privy to, a code of moral conduct. Without conscience, all aspects of social life would be far more chaotic than is actually the case. To the degree that men will not obey natural law, it is therefore reasonable to subject them to the artificial law that the state imposes.7. But the state, which is the **plicated product of social development as yet folly achieved, has no moral sense; and, in spite of its law courts and enforcement agencies, it possesses no organ that can be compared with the human conscience. The church, as distinct from the state, is of course deeply and continuously concerned with moral issues. The church, however, no longer dominates the state, even in countries where a particular religion is legally "established".8. Of course, the state as an instrument may be utilized to forward morality and to oppose immorality. And in doing this whether by legislative action or executive fiat, it reflects both the influence of the individual conscience and the prevalent morality of a particular time and place. Nevertheless, it remains true that the state can achieve good only by the application of coercion to its subjects. It substitutes the **pulsion of man-made law for the less well codified but morally more impelling influence of the natural law.9. The state, in short, is the repository of physical rather than moral power. While this physical strength can be used for moral ends, it can equally well be, and often has been, placed at the service of an immoral philosophy. The American case against Soviet Russia rests on the evidence that this distortion is currently dominant there.10. Although the state has no conscience, its so-called welfare aspects substitute for the function of this organ in the social activities of the individual. To the extent that the welfare state deprives the individual of power to do good or evil as he sees fit, there is, of course, encroachment on the sphere of personal morality, in behalf of governmentally defined morality.11. In Soviet Russia, where God is virtually outlawed, this encroachment of positive law on natural law has reached the stage of **plete substitution. In the United States, there is still a valiant and partially successful effort to oppose socialism, which may be accurately defined as the political system that seeks to take the right of moral decision from free individuals in order to vest it in officials serving the state.12. It is frequently, and often persuasively, argued that the **plexity of human life and the growing interdependence of men in modem society make the expansion of state authority inevitable and indeed imperative.13. Much that is specious can be detected in this argument, but even if it were wholly conclusive, an issue of great political and moral moment would still remain to be reconciled. Whenever and however the state assumes the power of decision, there must be an equivalent surrender of power on the part of the subjects. Encroachment may be on the freedom of the market, in the economic sphere; on the freedom of worship, in the religious sphere; on the freedom of criticism, in the political sphere. But fundamentally, the encroachment is always on freedom, in one or another aspect of this condition for which the human being has not merely a biological but also an often passionate and deeply spiritual yearning.14. Properly speaking, there is no such thing as freedom from something. Freedom, being the political condition in which the individual retains his natural power of choice, must always be for something. The choice of the free individual may be neither intelligent nor moral, but it is alwaysa definite choice in behalf of some selected course out of many that are usually available.15. The socialist believes that it is socially advantageous when the state assumes the power of choice for the individual. Sometimes the argument is that the average person has no opportunity, and sometimes that he has no capacity, to choose wisely and well. But whether the emphasis in the argument is humanitarian or autocratic, the net result of its successful application is the same. The power in the people is contracted and the power of the state is enlarged.16. Much more is involved here than the amount of spending power left to the taxpayer after Big Government has taken its ever-increasing slice. The power of the individual to act as his conscience dictates is also taken from him by the state. Government may, because of the heritage of freedom, be patient and relatively gentle with the conscientious objector. It may, when the political heritage is tyrannical, dispose of him by firing squad. But either way, his right to followthe dictates of conscience is called in question.17. Since the state does not and cannot possess the organ of conscience, and since the individual conscience alone gives human life a moral direction, it follows that the enlargement of state power is necessarily at the expense not only of freedom, but also of morality. This means that the socialist, whether he realizes it or not, has actually a very low regard for the human race. The criticism that he lavishes on "Wall Street" or other products of free enterprise system is basically criticism of the concept of freedom.18. Although the state is an amoral instrumentality, without a conscience and with no inherent sense of right and wrong, its actions towards its subjects are always to some extent restrained and guided by the prevalent morality of the people. The **plete autocrat must give consideration to the inborn sense of justice and decency among those over whom he rules.19. In dealing with other sovereignties, however, political rules have never been and are not now much influenced by ethical considerations as such. Rulers raise no taxes from those outside the area Of their control and therefore have no **pelling reason to treat the subjects of other sovereignties with respect. It is not that the ruler is less humanitarian in his instincts or more immoral in his behavior than any other individual, but that, having the responsibility of the state on his shoulders, the ruler tends to put what seems to be the state"s immediate interest above all other considerations, including those of an ethical nature. In time of war, of course, this subordination of ethical considerations is especially pronounced.20. The absence of any ethical content in foreign policy during time of war is too obvious to need much citation or emphasis. Many would be inclined to discount this characteristic, however, by saying that war represents a break-down rather than an aspect of forging policy, and by asserting further that even in wartime the chief executive of a democratic nation is under constitutional restraints which tend to check immoral conduct on his part.21. Unfortunately, both qualifications are more apparent than real. The President of the United States is nominally subject to many Constitutional restraints, in time of war as well as in time of peace. However, aside from the indication that the United States can now be plunged into a major war by Presidential edict, it is also clear that during the fighting, foreign policy decisions of the greatest moment will be made by the President alone.22. As against the theory that war is a mere interruption of the normal conduct of foreign policy, one recalls the aphorism of von Clausewitz, to the effect that war has always been definitely an instrument of national policy and that peacetime diplomacy only fills in the chinks until the time **e for the state to strike with military force. Certainly in the Prussian tradition, from Hegel on, there is little to indicate that peace is the normal condition of a nation; war a mere unfortunate aberration. Though Prussia is destroyed, the "Prussian doctrine" of Nietzsche—that the state is "beyond good and evil", determining morals for itself—is stronger than ever before.23. Because individuals for the most part possess a moral sense, there has been, usually under religious leadership, a long and valiant effort to introduce an ethical content into the theory and practice of foreign policy. This effort has taken two distinct forms. One is the long-standing attempt to make those who control foreign policy strictly accountable to elected representatives of the people. The other is the more recent endeavor to establish an enforceable international law, involving the creation of an international political authority empowered **petent to take preventive action against a government whose foreign policy threatens a breach of peace.24. The latter effort was obviously impractical until nations as we know them today had takenform as disciplined political units, with **petent to keep order at home as a preliminary to making **mitments. Also, there had to be development of communications, trade, and travel on a large scale before the need for any international political authority became apparent to people as a whole.25. Aside from these positive factors, two of a negative nature helped pave the way for interest in world government. One was the decline of vital religious interest, which followed the fragmentizing of the Christian church throughout the European counties that once had recognized the spiritual supremacy of Rome. The other was the increasing destructiveness of war. With no universally recognized religious authority and with all existing political authorities seriously menaced by the effects of scientific war, argument for international organization was greatly strengthened.26. The effort to establish popular control over the forging policy of an individual sovereign, however, had made great headway long before concerts, or leagues, or unions of nations had become more substantial than the dreams of idealistic philosophers. Instances of this effort that could be cited from many countries would be found to rest on the principle that arbitrary executive authority in this field is an intolerable infringement of "the liberty of the subjects".27. Liberty, of course, is an ethical concept based on the religious belief that men "are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights", as the Declaration of Independence asserts. And it is in no way accidental that the endeavor to give an ethical content to foreign policy has made the most headway under representative government, especially in those countries where men with a deep religious faith are willing to challenge the authority of the state.For questions 1 to 10, choose the best answer according to the passage you have just read.1. In spite of its law courts and enforcement agencies, the state has no **parable to the ______.A. natural lawB. executive fiatC. human conscienceD. disciplined political unitesE. "Prussian doctrine" of Nietzche2. The choice of the free individual must always be a definite choice ______.A. between an easily lead minority and a highly educated group of citizensB. between genuine public spirit and personal official dutyC. that is socially advantageous to the average personD. within the limits set down by the stateE. of some selected course from the many choices available3. One argument about modern society, which the author terms "specious", is that ______.A. the **plexity and interdependence in our lives make the expansion of state authority imperative and inevitableB. the foreign policy of any nation is **pletely "good"C. conscience may be strong to the point of "obduracy or weak to the point of impotence"D. all aspects of social life would be more chaotic without conscienceE. the state imposes an artificial law to the degree that men will not obey the natural law4. In dealing with countries other than their own, political rulers have been influenced chiefly by the ______.A. immediate interests of their own sovereigntiesB. ethical considerations of a high orderC. humanitarian motives of the good of mankindD. inborn feelings of justice and decencyE. democratic constitutional restraints5. One of the author"s major points is that the enlargement of state power is necessarily at the expense of ______.A. Wall Street and free enterpriseB. freedom and moralityC. critical faculties and logical assumptionD. worker productivity and rising wagesE. ideal democracy and the "man on the street"6. One of the positive factors not included in the effort to introduce an ethical content into the theory and practice of forging policy is that of ______.A. perpetuating the American ideal on a worldwide scale by **ing the evils of indifferenceB. realizing the need for an international political authority after trade, travel, **munications mushroomedC. making governments orderly at home prior to making **mitmentsD. establishing an enforceable international law to contain foreign policyE. making foreign policy strictly accountable to elected representatives of the people7. Of the negative factors which paved the way for greater interest in world government, the one not mentioned in the article is the ______.A. decline of vital religious interestB. fragmentizing of the church in EuropeC. variety of adverse postwar economic factorsD. loss of spiritual supremacy by RomeE. increasing destructiveness of war8. The author strongly believes that liberty ______.A. is the **plicated product of social developmentB. encroaches on the sphere of personal responsibility and moralityC. should never be confined by any constitutional restrainsD. is beyond any concept of good and evil but determines morals for itselfE. is an ethical concept based on the religious belief that men are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights9. The author apparently believes that in determining relations between governments, it is desirable to remember that ______.A. arbitrary executive authority is a tolerable infringement of "the liberty of subjects"B. moral considerations are usually of secondary importanceC. evils of indifference destroy true patriotism and international amityD. war is always an instrument of national policy with short periods of peace to recoup energiesE. war represents a breakdown rather than an aspect of foreign policy10. According to the author, the endeavor to give ethical content to foreign policy ______.A. has resulted in the theory that war is a mere interruption of the normal conduct of foreign policyB. has favored those who consider peacetime diplomacy as a respite between strikes with militaryforceC. has proved no single government likely to have superior morality except in the opinion of its own subjectsD. has made the most headway under representative governments where men with faith are willing to challengeE. is a tribute to the virtue of patriotism rather than to the quality of scientific analysis11. For the definition given in each item in questions 11 to 15, find a matching word in the specified paragraph (the paragraph number is given after each definition).unmindful (3)12. plausible but not genuine (13)13. without ethnical quality (18)14. a terse saying embodying a general truth or principle (22)15. violation; encroachment (26)16. For the given word in each item in questions 16 to 20, decide which semantic variation best conveys the meaning of the author. The number given after each word indicates the paragraph in which the word appears.tribute (2)A. price of peace or securityB. rent or tax paid by a subjectC. compliment; testimonial17. exponent (3)A. person who expoundsB. symbol to denote the power to be raisedC. representative or type18. intangible (5)A. incapable of being perceivedB. immaterial; incorporealC. not clear to the mind19. chinks (22)A. cracks; openingsB. sharp, ringing soundsC. beams of light20. aberration (22)A. wandering from normal courseB. deviation from moral rectitudeC. lapse from Sound mental statePart Two: PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTIONThe following passage contains 15 errors. Each numbered sentence contains ONE error. You should proofread the passage and correct the errors. In your correction: for a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧"sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a lineand put a "—" sign in the blank provided.People uncritical of technology also rationalize endangering Technologies by promoting humanistic uses of a particular technology.In 1950s, for instance, nuclear weaponry was justified by its 1 "peaceful use": cheap electricity through nuclear power. Later,when nuclear power"s excesses and dangers came under light, 2 pronuclear people tried to deflect concern by drawing attention tothe medical uses of radiation.Such rationalizations make a strong effect on both the public 3and the creators and disseminators of technologies. Since thenotion of the technical solution has so successfully engulfed our minds, social mores, institutions, the most searing judgment critics have been 4 able to muster does not even question modem technology as such. Rather it asserts where technologies are neutral: they are just tools 5 that contain no inherent political bias. If there is a problem with technology, it lay with what class of people controls it. 6There is other school of thought which views technology as 7 political: technologies serve political ends. They are invented and deployed by people who benefit and believe in a particular political 8 setup—and their very structure serves this setup. An overview ofmass technological society shows that the kinds of technologies inplace are those serve the perpetuation of mass technological society. 9 For instance, the telephone **puter may look as "people"s 10 technologies", and they do help individuals stay in communication and collect, sort, and manage information. Yet both were consciously developing to enhance systems of centralized political power. 11 According to a manually written by early telephone entrepreneurs, the 12 telephone was consciously disseminated to increase corporate command of information, resources, communications, and time.**puter is originally invented during World War Ⅱto decode 13 intercepted radio messages and later to boost military power through guided missilery. Today these technologies make globalexploitation of nature, urban centralization, and high-tech military domination not only possibly, but seemingly necessary. In a 14 decentralized, communal society, telephones or computers would be 15 neither politically necessary nor individually attractive. As jerryMander sees it, "Each technology is compatible with certain politicalAnd social outcomes, and usually it has been invented by people who have some of these outcomes in mind. The idea that technology is "neutral" is itself not neutral."1.2.3.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.Part Three: TRANSLATION1. Translate the following passage into English.今天中国幼儿园的大多数孩子都是独生子女。
南京大学真题2006年
南京大学真题2006年(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.You don't object ______ you by your first name, do you?（分数：1.00）A.that I callB.for callingC.that I am callingD.to my calling √解析：object to (doing) sth. 不赞成，反对做某事。
句中my是calling的逻辑主语； object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。
2.______ initial recognition while still quite young.（分数：1.00）A.Most famous scientists achieved √B.That most famous scientists schievedC.Most famous scientists who achievedD.For most famous scientists to achieve解析：根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分。
while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A 项是独立、完整的句子。
3.The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred ______.（分数：1.00）A.the area in which dinosaurs roamedB.when dinosaurs roamed the area √C.did dinosaurs roam the areaD.dinosaurs roaming the area解析：本题空缺部分应该在句中做状语，选项B符合。
南京大学考博英语-1
南京大学考博英语-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.（分数：1.00）A.abridge √B.rewriteC.revealD.change解析：[解析] abridge节略；rewrite重写；reveal展现；change改变。
根据句意，A最合适。
2.The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.（分数：1.00）A.haughtyB.shy √C.indifferentD.upset解析：[解析] 题中bashful“害羞的”，B项的shy“怕羞的，畏缩的”与之相符。
其他三项都不正确：haughty傲慢的；upset心烦意乱的；indifferent不关心的，冷淡的。
3.John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him. （分数：1.00）A.chronic √B.cavernousC.convincingD.choral解析：[解析] 题中cogent意为“令人胆寒的”，C项的convincing“令人恐惧的”与之相符。
其他三项不正确：chronic有希望的；cavernous严寒的；choral发人深省的。
4.He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.（分数：1.00）A.on his mind √B.out of mindC.off his mindD.to his mind解析：[解析] on sb's mind压在某人心头；out of one's mind精神不正常；off one's mind不再在某人心头；to one's mind据某人意见。
2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．Until the constitution is ______, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.A．correctedB．amendedC．remediedD．revised正确答案：B解析：句子大意为：任命部长的权利将一直属于总统，除非宪法修改。
本题考查近义词辨析。
在给出的选项中：correct“改正”；amend“修正”，可与表示法案的词搭配；remedy “纠正”；revise“修改”。
所以，正确答案是B。
2．Several experts have been called in to______plan for boating, tennis, refreshments and children’s game in the projected town park.A．equipmentB．instrumentsC．implementD．facilities正确答案：D解析：句子大意为：已经召集了一些专家设计拟建的城市公园的划船、网球、休息和儿童游乐设施。
本题考查近义词辨析。
在给出的选项中：equipment“设备”；instrument“仪器”；implement：“工具”；facilty“设施”。
所以，正确答案是D。
3．You can try ______ with the landlord for more time to play the money.A．pleadingB．requestingC．demandingD．dealing正确答案：D解析：句子大意为：你可以试着和房东多玩一会儿。
2008年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences (25%)1. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One【答案】B【解析】句意：任何有点常识的学生应该都能回答这个问题。
each意为“每一个”。
either 意为“两者之一”，“两者中任何一个”。
one指“一个”。
any“任何一个”，“无论哪个”。
each强调的是个体，而这里强调的是整体，故B项为最佳选项。
2. she realized it was too late to go home.A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Scarcely had it grown dark thanC. Hardly did it grow dark thatD. It was not until dark that【答案】D【解析】it is/was…that是表示强调的句型。
A项没有采用部分倒装，所以不对。
B,C 搭配出错，scarcely和hardly都和“when”搭配。
3. I know nothing about him he is from Africa.A. exceptB. besideC. besidesD. except that【答案】D【解析】只有except that后可接句子。
4. If you our teacher, what would you tell her?A. are to seeB. must seeC. were to seeD. will be going to see【答案】C【解析】这里用的是虚拟语气。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编42(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编42(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Although the two companies talked about how little ______ there is between them, they still expect to eliminate about 100,00 positions from among a combined work force of 140,000 after their mergence.(2004年厦门大学考博试题) A．overlapB．combinationC．congregationD．inundation正确答案：A解析：本题空格处意思是两家公司之间的重叠处很少。
A项“overlap重叠处”符合题意，如：The style in these two books largely overlaps．(这两本书的文体有许多处是一致的。
)其他三项“combination结合；congregation集合：inundation 洪水”都不正确。
2．My calculation was wrong because 1 ______ one tiny point.A．mistookB．failedC．exaggeratedD．overlooked正确答案：D解析：overlook vt．(本义)俯瞰，眺望；(引申)看漏，忽略；宽容。
3．The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.(2002年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．overlookedB．praiseC．condemnedD．satisfied正确答案：A解析：本题中，condoned的意思是“宽恕，赦免”。
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南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。
面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。
很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。
在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。
工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。
事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。
我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。
顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。
Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。
避暑别墅、欧洲假期、度假和宝马——此类消费品较十年前或两年前仍然大受欢迎。
不同的是今天的人们不会和从前一样公开坦承自己对成功的渴望，唯恐被人指为爱出风头、贪婪和粗俗。
对此类人或更多并不引人注目的人来说，最恰当的莫过于“不惜一切代价获取成功但又不能太过锋芒毕露”，对于野心的攻击来自方方面面，而公开的拥护者则少之又少。
昔日的美国人把雄心壮志看作健康的推动力和值得赞赏的品质，并且鼓励青年人要有抱负，而如今这种热情早已今非昔比了。
然而，这并不意味着雄心的消亡，人们再也感受不到它的驱动力；而是意味着它不再被人们公开宣扬。
鉴于此，人们采取隐蔽或迂回的战术来实现对成功的渴求。
Part B6.Scientists are the small group of people who strive to discern nature to seek for disciplines indisorderly and unsystematic surface. Having special abilities to think and analyze, they have unlimited patience to observe and collect data.7.The most crucial issue we were facing was the short of skilled labor force and teachers whocould train them, as well as the decline of research capability caused by the shortage of teachers and modern equipments used in education and research.8.Science requires us to be down-to-earth. Being solid learning, science must have no falsehoodat all and thus requires formidable labors. Meanwhile, science also needs creation and fantasy for where there is fantasy, there will be the break with tradition. Then, science grows.4. If you fail in the career for yourself, don’t despair. There is vastly difference between “I failed three times” and “I am a loser”. You may succeed in future so long as you try to draw lessons from failure , instead of having negative attitude toward yourself and equate yourself with failure.南京大学考博英语真题2008年答案Section 1Part 11-5 BDABD 6-10 ABACCPart 211-15 CCCBB 16-20 BDACDPart 321-25 BCABC 26-30DDCCDSection 226-30 C A B D D 31-35 B B D C B 36-40 D ? C B A 41-45 D B A C CTranslationPart A (此文节选自新概念英语第四本第25课)在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会他们认为对这个问题进行调查中浪费时间, 甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。
另一方面，那些讨厌噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。
要求减少噪音是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很遗憾的。
对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究,看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。
例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。
即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难受。
但是，不管进行精神病学的调查访问，还是进行客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。
这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话，那也一定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法还发现不了。
这并不是证实不存在噪音对健康的影响。
Part B1.Science and technology constitute a primary productive force. To revitalize the economy, whatwe first do is to promote science. We can gain initiative in drastic competition only when we confirmedly propel the development of science. Our economy is confronted with the great task of accelerating development and adjusting structure so as to improve economic performance. To accomplish the task, scientific consciousness must be improved all around the society and more must be invested in science and technology to make progress with the help of science and technology.2.World Intellectual Property Organization is an inter-governmental organization, theheadquarter of which is located in Geneva. It is one of many specialized agencies attached to UN. It is in charge of boosting the protection of world intellectual property through international cooperation. Intellectual property involves two mains: industrial property right and copyright. At present, the protection of world property should be attached special importance by us.3.Cultural exchange came into being since people got culture. By and large, culture originatesfrom the communication among countries and nationalities. The communication propels cultural development and mutual study, and favors the construction of cultural diversities. In the new period, we should attach much importance to communication with foreign countries, constantly drawing lessons from them and enrich Chinese culture as time goes by.。