【英语】2014年高考英语语法讲解名词性从句
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【英语】2014年高考英语语法讲解——名词性从句
I.语序问题
规律一:名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序
II.引导词的选择
1.从句是陈述句转化而来的,不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句
中不作成分
2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来,含有疑问意义的。由whether,if 引导
3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来,含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且 wh-连
词在从句中作成分。连接代词what / who/ which / whose /whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副词where /when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 规律二:whether和if的区别
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用 whether。如:
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan
③主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it ornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不
定式连用但if不能。如:
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑥ whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能,但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如:
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
If I have time tomorrow, I'll go to visit Tom。
规律三:主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it” 而后置。
1.主语从句可以用it (作形式主语)来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that…
(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...
(C)It is said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested that …
(D)It seems/happens that…
2.宾语从句可以用it(作形式宾语)来替换的句型为:
主语+谓语+it+Adj/N+从句如:
I think it necessary that we have the meeting.
规律四:whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句,而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
规律五:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词
suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中,从句谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she(should )be operated on.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词
advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句
和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.