国际财务管理填有答案

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《国际财务管理》随堂习题及答案(超全)

《国际财务管理》随堂随练第一章绪论1、企业财务管理的目标就是要使资金成本（），资金利润率（），从而实现所有者权益最大化。

A、最低、最低B、最低、最高C、最高、最高D、最高、最低2、财务管理中最重要的关键环节是（）。

A、财务预测B、财务决策C、财务预算D、财务分析3、国际财务管理是指对企业与其他国家的（）之间发生的财务所进行的管理活动。

A、政府B、企业C、单位D、个人4、国际财务管理是指对国际财务所进行的（）等一系列活动。

A、组织B、协调C、指挥D、计划E、控制5、国际财务管理是以（）为主体进行的一系列管理活动。

A、国家B、政府C、企业D、个人6、国际金融是以（）为主体进行的一系列研究活动。

A、国家B、政府C、企业D、个人7、国际财务管理学与（）学科都有一定的联系。

A、国际贸易B、国际信贷C、国际投资D国际税收E、国际结算8、国际财务管理人员最应该通晓（）知识。

A、国际贸易B、国际投资C、国际金融D、国际税收9、在实际应用时，国际财务与国际金融在（）方面是没有区别的。

A、英文名称B、角C、范围D、内容10、关于国际财务管理学与财务管理学的关系表述正确的是（）。

A、国际财务管理是学习财务管理的基础B、国际财务管理与财务管理是两门截然不同的学科C、国际财务管理是财务管理的一个新的分支D、国际财务管理研究的范围要比财务管理的窄11、西方财务管理是按照（）进行分类得出的结论。

A、社会性质B、地理位置C、财务活动是否跨越本国国界D、政治制度12、国际财务管理与跨国企业财务管理两个概念（）。

A、完全相同B、截然不同C、仅是名称不同D、内容有所不同13、国际财务管理与国际企业财务管理（）。

A、完全相同B、截然不同C、仅是名称不同D、对象不同14、站在一个跨国公司的角度来考虑，国际财务管理与跨国公司财务管理的范围（）。

A、前者大于后者B、前者等于后者C、前者小于后者D、二者没有任何关系15、国际财务管理与世界财务管理的关系是（）。

国际财务管理(填有答案),DOC

《国际财务管理》章后练习题及参考答案第一章绪论一、单选题1.关于国际财务管理学与财务管理学的关系表述正确的是(C)。

A.国际财务管理是学习财务管理的基础B.国际财务管理与财务管理是两门截然不同的学科C.国际财务管理是财务管理的一个新的分支D.国际财务管理研究的范围要比财务管理的窄2.A.3.A.资金B.4.A.4.A.C.5.A.二、多选1.A.C.2.A.3.A.稳定性4.A.世界统一财务管理观B.比较财务管理观C.跨国公司财务管理观D.国际企业财务管理观5.我国企业的国际财务活动日益频繁，具体表现在()。

A.企业从内向型向外向型转化B.外贸专业公司有了新的发展C.在国内开办三资企业D.向国外投资办企业E.通过各种形式从国外筹集资金三、判断题1.国际财务管理是对企业跨国的财务活动进行的管理。

（）2.国际财务管理学是着重研究企业如何进行国际财务决策，使所有者权益最大化的一门科学。

（）3.国际财务管理与国际金融在研究角度上来说是相同的。

（）4.国际财务管理的目标是单一的，即“股东财富最大化”。

（）5.国际财务管理体系，是以经典财务学理论为指导，将财务学知识体系和实践经验应用于国际化经营的背景下所形成的一套完整的学科体系。

（）6.国际财务管理与一般公司财务管理具有相同的基础，研究对象，适用背景和解决问题的方式。

（）7.我国小企业在越南、缅甸等国设立一个工厂，不能称为跨国公司。

（）8.国际企业财务经理经常利用套期保值功能。

（）9.跨国公司主要是指发达资本主义国家的，以本国为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构或子公司，从事国际化生产和经营活动的垄断企业。

（）四、简答题略1.1.√2.√一、单选1.A.2.A.C.D.3.A.4.A.5.A.6.一国外汇市场的汇率完全由外汇市场的供求关系决定，这种汇率制度称为(B)。

A.固定汇率制B.自由浮动汇率制C.管理浮动汇率制D.单独浮动汇率制7.（D）是指世界各国在货币兑换、国际收支调节、国际储备和结算等方面所共同遵守的惯例或规则而形成的一种制度。

国际财务管理考试答案

1. S(￡/$)=，F1 (￡/$)=，F3(￡/$)= ，F6(￡/$)=。

.计算欧式标价法下美元对英镑1个月、3个月、6个月期的远期升水或贴水。

（假设每个月只有30天）你对结果如何解释答：f1 = [F1 (￡/$) - S (￡/$)]/ S (￡/$)*360/30 = =%f3 = [F3 (￡/$) - S (￡/$)]/ S (￡/$)*360/90 = =%f6 = [F6 (￡/$) - S (￡/$)]/ S (￡/$)*360/180 ==%2. 目前S($/￡) = ，F3($/￡) = ，在你对汇率进行分析的基础上，你认为S3($/￡) = 。

假如你愿意买入或者卖出￡1 000 000；(1) 如果在远期市场上进行投机的话，你需要采取那些行动投机美元的预期收益是多少(2) 如果即期汇率最终事实上是S3 ($/￡) = ，那么你投机美元的收益将是多少答：卖出英镑，买入美元￡ 1 000 000 × S($/￡) = $ 1 950 000(1) S3($/￡) =做多头——买入远期英镑$ 1 950 000 ÷ F3($/￡) = $ 1 950 000 ÷ = ￡1 026 316￡ 1 026 316 × S3($/￡) = ￡ 1 026 316 × = $1 970 527 $ 1 970 527 – $ 1 950 000 = $ 20 527(2) S3($/￡) =￡ 1 026 316 × S3($/￡) = ￡ 1 026 316 × = $1 908 948 $ 1 908 948 – $ 1 950 000 = –$ 41 0523. Cray研究所赊销给德国Max Planck研究院一台超级计算机，6个月后应收1000万欧元。

目前，6个月的远期汇率是美元/欧元，而Cray研究所的外汇顾问预测6个月后的即期汇率是美元/欧元。

国际财务管理知识分析及练习题参考答案

国际财务治理?练习题参考答案第1章国际财务治理导论一、名词解释1.国际企业:超越国界从事商业活动的企业，包括各种类型、各种规模的参与国际商务的企业。

国内生产、国际销售是国际企业最简单的国际业务。

跨国公司是国际企业开展的较高时期和典型代表。

2.许可经营:许可方企业向受许可方企业提供技术，包括版权、专利技术、技术诀窍或商标以换取使用费的一种经营方式。

当许可方企业与受许可方企业分不位于不同国家时，就形成了国家间的许可经营。

这种方式也能够被瞧作技术出口。

3.特许经营：是一种特殊的许可经营方式，许可方通过向被许可方提供全套专业化企业经营手段，包括商标、企业组织、销售或效劳策略和培训、技术支持等定期取得特许权使用费，被许可方那么必须同意遵守严格的规那么和程序以实现经营的标准化。

特许权使用费通常以被许可方的销售收进为根底收取。

4.分部式组织:称事业部制组织结构。

其特点是在高层治理者之下，按地区或产品设置假设干分部，实行“集中政策，分散经营〞的集中领导下的分权治理。

5.混合式组织：事实上非常少有哪家企业是单纯采纳一种结构类型的，采纳两种以上组合方式的称为混合式结构。

6.分权模式:子公司拥有充分的财务治理决策权，母公司关于其财务治理操纵以间接治理为主。

二、简答题1.国际财务治理与国内企业的财务治理内容有哪些的重要区不。

【答案】国际财务治理是指对国际企业的涉外经济活动进行的财务治理。

财务治理要紧涉及的是如何作出各种最正确的公司财务决定，比方通过适宜的投资、资产结构、股息政策以及人力资源治理，从而到达既定的公司目标〔股东财宝最大化〕。

国际财务治理与国内财务治理之间的区不要紧表达在以下几个方面：〔1〕跨国经营和财务活动受外汇风险的妨碍；〔2〕全球范围内融资，寻求最正确全球融资战略；〔3〕跨国经营中商品和资金无法自由流淌；〔4〕对外投资为股东在全球范围内分散风险。

2.试述国际财务治理体系的内容。

【答案】国际财务治理体系的内容要紧包括：〔1〕国际财务治理环境。

国际财务管理习题及答案

01
3. 国际融资风险管理
02
• 国际融资风险的识别与评估
03
• 国际融资风险的控制与防范措施
国际营运资金管理的答案
1. 国际营运资金管理概述 • 国际营运资金管理的定义和目标
• 国际营运资金管理的主要内容和方法
国际营运资金管理的答案
2. 国际现金管理
• 国际现金流入与流出的管理
• 国际现金预算与控制的方法和步骤
国际投资决策
1. 简答题
简述国际投资的优势和风险。
4. 案例题
分析某公司如何进行国际投资决策。
2. 论述题
论述国际投资决策需要考虑的因素。
3. 计算题
计算国际投资组合的预期收益率和风险。
国际融资决策
1. 简答题
简述国际融资的渠道和方式。
3. 计算题
计算国际融资的成本和效益。
2. 论述题
论述国际融资决策需要考虑的因素。
国际财务管理涉及多国经济环境、货币汇率变动、国际税务法规、政治风险等因素，需要综合考虑多种因素，制定合适的财务策略。
国际财务管理的重要性
1. 全球化经营的需要
随着全球化进程加速，跨国公司需要有效的国际财务管理来整合全球资源，优化资源配置，提高经营效率。
2. 降低财务风险
国际财务管理有助于跨国公司识别、评估和控制财务风险，降低经营风险。
国际营运资金管理的答案
3. 国际应收账款管理
• 国际应收账款的信用政策制定与执行
• 国际应收账款的催收与保理业务
04 国际财务管理案例分析
跨国公司外汇风险管理案例
案例背景
某跨国公司在多个国家设有子公司，由于各国的汇率波动，公司面临外汇风险。

国际财务管理作业(1)答案

第一次作业1.美元与日元的汇率是$1=¥200.01，日元与欧元的汇率是Euro1=¥189.12，那么欧元与美元的兑换比率是多少？答：¥189.12/¥200.01，euro1=$0.94552.假设在纽约，直接标价法下英镑与美元的汇率是1.1110-5。

那么在纽约500000英镑价值多少美元？在伦敦，直接标价法下的美元汇率是多少？答：卖英镑500000磅，买美元500000*1.1115=555750美元；0.9001-0.8997 3.一个投资者想以0.9080美元的价格购买欧元现货，然后以0.9086美元的价格卖出一个180天的欧元远期。

请问欧元的掉期率是多少？180天欧元的升水是多少？答：（0.9086-0.9080/0.9080）*（360/180）=0.0013；0.00064.一家英国公司向美国某公司出售引擎并从其购买零件。

假设有一笔15亿美元的应收账款和一笔7.4亿美元的应付账款。

他还有6亿美元的借款，现汇汇率是$1.5128/£。

这家英国公司用美元和用英镑表示的美元交易风险各是多少？假设英镑升值到$1.7642/£,这家英国公司用英镑表示的美元交易风险损益是多少？答：用美元表示的美元交易风险暴露=15亿美元-7.4亿美元-6亿美元=14.8660亿美元。

用英镑表示的美元交易风险暴露=（15亿美元-7.4亿美元-6亿美元）/1.5128=9.8268亿英镑。

5.假设美国贝尔公司的英国分公司在年初和年末的流动资产是100万英镑，固定资产200万英镑，流动负债是100万英镑，它没有长期负债。

在流动/非流动折算法、货币/非货币折算法、时态法和现行汇率法下的英国贝尔分公司的会计风险是多少？答：流动/非流动折算法下英国贝尔分公司的会计风险为：流动资产100万英镑+流动负债100万英镑。

货币/非货币折算法下英国贝尔分公司的会计风险为：货币性资产100万英镑+货币性负债100万英镑。

国际财务管理(作业)答案

国际财务管理作业答案书31页习题4、美元与日元的汇率是$1=￥200.01，日元与欧元的汇率是 Euro=￥189.12，那么欧元与美元的兑换比率是多少？日元=1/200.01 美元日元=1/189.12 欧元所以欧元和美元的比率是189.12/200.01=0.94555、假设在纽约，直接标价法下英镑与美元的汇率是1.1110-5.那么在纽约500000 英镑价值多少美元？在伦敦，直接标价法下的美元汇率是多少？英镑与美元的汇率是1/1.1110-5，那么在纽约英镑值555500-555750 在伦敦直接标价法下美元汇率是 1/0.9 1/0.896、一个投资者想以0.9080 美元的价格购买欧元现货，然后以0.9086 美元的价格卖出一个 180 天的欧元远期。

请问欧元掉期率是多少？180 天欧元升水是多少?(0.9086-0.9080)/0.9080*360/180=0.0013 升水是0.000669页习题2、一家英国公司向美国某公司出售引擎并从其购买零件。

假设有一笔15 亿美元的应收账款和一笔7.4 亿美元的应付账款。

他还有6 亿美元的借款，现汇汇率是$1.5128/£。

这家英国公司用美元和英镑表示的美元交易风险各是多少？假设英镑升值到$1.7642/£，这家英国公司用英镑表示的美元交易风险损益是多少？用美元表示的美元交易风险15 亿美元-7.4 亿美元-6 亿美元=14.8660 亿美元用英镑表示的美元交易风险（15 亿美元-7.4 亿美元-6 亿美元）/1.5128=9.8268 亿英镑用英镑表示的美元交易风险损益=9.8268 亿英镑-14.8660 亿美元/1.7642=1.4003 亿英镑。

3、假设美国贝尔公司的英国分公司在年初和年末的流动资产是 100 万英镑，固定资产 200 万英镑，流动负债是100 万英镑，它没有长期负债。

在流动/非流动着算法、货币/非货币折算法、时态法和现行汇率法下的英国贝尔分公司的会计风险是多少？流动/非流动性折算法下英国贝尔分公司的会计风险为：流动资产100 万英镑+流动负债100 万英镑货币/非货币则算法下英国贝尔分公司的会计风险为：货币性资产100 万英镑+货币性负债 100 万英镑。

《国际财务管理》在线作业答案

A 国际保理业务 B 保付代理 C 福费廷业务 D 卖方信贷正确答案:C 单选题
5.每种货币在本国都有购买商品和劳务的能力，不同货币购买力的比率构成了相互间汇率的基础。这是（）。
A 购买力平价理论 B 国际费雪效应理论 C 利率平价理论 D 无偏估计理论
正确答案:A 单选题
6.只有（）的变化才会对经营风险产生影响，即影响营业现金流。
28.国内企业股票不直接在境外上市，而是通过已在境外证券交易所上市或能够比较容易取得境外证券交易所上市资格的公司来达到间接上市、获取国际资本市场资金目的的融资方式称为（）。
10.国际转移定价的基本方法不包括（）。
A 以市场为基础的定价 B 以成本为基础的定价 C 交易自主的定价 D 双重定价正确答案:D
单选题
11.关于货币升值与贬值的说法正确的是：
A 本币升值有利于本国商品出口 B 本币贬值有利于本国商有助于消除资本账户的逆差正确答案:B 单选题
3.由东道国对跨国公司在当地业务的政策的不确定性引起的政治风险称为（）。
A 制度风险 B 转移风险 C 经营风险 D 控制风险正确答案:D 单选题
4.出口方把经进口方承兑和进口方银行担保的期限在6个月-10年的远期汇票或本票，在无追索权的基础上出售给出口地银行或金融公司，从而提前获得现金的融资方式为（）
单选题
1.国际企业在合并财务报表过程中由于不同货币计价所产生的企业报表反映价值改变的风险称为（）。
A 经济风险 B 交易风险 C 折算风险 D 金融风险正确答案:C 单选题
2.根据无偏估计理论，如果外汇市场是有效的，则远期汇率应该是（）的一个无偏估计。
A 现时即期汇率 B 未来即期汇率 C 远期折现汇率 D 远期合同汇率正确答案:B 单选题

国际财务管理课后习题答案

International Financial Management
国际财务管理
第四章外汇汇率预测
• 1、
St 5
1 8%
1 5% • 2、 iA =（1+6%）×（1+5%）－1≈11.3% iB =（1+6%）×（1+8%）－1≈14.48%
SF 5 1 14 . 48 % 1 11 . 3 % 5 . 1429
108
1
110
1
9月1日，98 100 0 . 010204 0 . 01 0 . 000204 由此造成收益为：6250×（0.000204-0.0001683）≈0.23万美元
5、
卖出应收款100万英镑应收美元数
执行汇率应收款到期日的期权协即期汇率定价格（汇率） 1英镑=1.58美元 1英镑=1.60美元 1英镑=1.63美元 1英镑=1.65美元 1英镑=1.67美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.63美元 1.65美元 1.67美元
第六章外汇风险管理的策略与方法
外汇现货市场
外汇期货市场
3月1日，
6250 110 56 . 82 万美元 62 . 5 万美元
3月1日，
9月1日，
6250 108
57 . 87 万美元
9月1日，
6250 100
6250 98
63 . 78 万美元
损失：62.5－56.82=5.68万美收益：63.78－ 57.87－0.5 元 =5.41万美元 • 现货市场的损失没有全部被期货市场的收益所抵补，相差 0.27万美元，其原因是：（1）支付外汇期货交易佣金0.5万美元（2）期汇市场与现汇市场的汇率变动幅度不一致 3月1日，1 1 0 . 0092592 0 . 0090099 0 . 0001683

国际财务管理考试题及答案

国际财务管理考试题及答案一、选择题1. 国际财务管理中，汇率变动对跨国公司的影响主要体现在哪些方面？A. 产品定价B. 利润分配C. 投资决策D. 所有以上选项答案：D2. 在国际金融市场中，哪种货币被称为“避险货币”？A. 美元B. 欧元C. 日元D. 英镑答案：C3. 跨国公司进行国际投资时，主要考虑哪些风险因素？A. 政治风险B. 汇率风险C. 信用风险D. 所有以上选项答案：D二、简答题1. 简述国际资本流动对国内经济的影响。

答案：国际资本流动对国内经济的影响主要体现在以下几个方面：- 资本流入可以增加国内投资，促进经济增长。

- 资本流出可能导致国内资金短缺，影响经济发展。

- 资本流动可能引起汇率波动，影响出口和进口。

- 国际资本流动还可能带来技术转移和知识溢出效应，提升国内产业竞争力。

2. 解释什么是“三角套汇”并给出一个简单的例子。

答案：三角套汇是指利用三个不同货币之间的汇率差异进行套利交易的过程。

例如，如果美元兑欧元的汇率为1:1，欧元兑日元的汇率为100:1，而美元兑日元的汇率为100:1，那么可以通过先用美元兑换欧元，再用欧元兑换日元，最后用日元兑换回美元，实现无风险利润。

三、计算题1. 假设某公司在美国有100万美元的销售额，预期利润率为10%，如果该公司决定在欧洲设立分公司，预计欧洲分公司的销售额为80万欧元，利润率为12%。

请计算该公司在两个地区的总利润。

答案：美国分公司的利润 = 100万美元 * 10% = 10万美元欧洲分公司的利润 = 80万欧元 * 12% = 9.6万欧元假设1美元兑换1欧元，则总利润 = 10万美元 + 9.6万欧元 = 19.6万美元四、论述题1. 论述跨国公司在进行国际财务管理时，如何平衡全球战略与地方适应性。

答案：跨国公司在进行国际财务管理时，需要在全球化战略与地方适应性之间找到平衡点。

首先，公司需要制定一个全球统一的财务政策框架，确保在全球范围内的一致性和效率。

国际财务管理(第四版)习题答案

国际财务管理计算题答案第3章二、计算题1、（1）投资者可以这样做：在乙银行用100港币=105.86人民币的价格，即100/105.86（港币/人民币）的价格购入港币100万×（100/105.86）港币=94.46万港币在甲银行用105.96/100（人民币/港币）卖出港币94.46×（105.96/100）=100.09万人民币投资者的收益：100.09-100=0.09万人民币2、（1）如果美元未来没升值到利率平价，则海外投资者具有获利机会。

最大的获利水平：1美元兑换人民币8.28元，在中国境内存款投资，1年后换回美元获利：（1+1.98%）-1=1.98%与在美国存款投资收益率1.3%相比，获利更多。

随着美元汇率接近利率平价，这个收益率会向1.3%靠近，最终与美元利率相同。

（2）由于美元存款利率低于人民币存款利率，中国投资者没有套利获利机会。

（3）投资者套利交易面临美元升值的风险，如果必要，可以采用抛补套利防范。

（4）如果存在利率平价，此时美元远期汇率升水，升水幅度：K=（1+1.98%）/（1+1.3）-1=0.67%1美元=8.28×（1+0.67%）=8.3355（元人民币）（5）处于利率平价时，投资者无法获得抛补套利收益。

（6）如果目前不存在利率平价，是否抛补套利，取决于投资者对未来美元升值可能性和可能幅度的判断，以及投资者的风险承受能力。

4、公司到期收回人民币：5000×81.21/100=4060（万元）5、如果掉期交易，则卖掉美元得到的人民币: 50×6.79=339.5(万元)美元掉期交易下支付美元的人民币价格：50×6.78=339(万)买卖价差人民币收入净额=339.5-339=0.5(万元)如果不做掉期交易,则美元两周的存款利息收入为50×0.4%×14/365=0.00767(万美元)折合人民币利息收入:0.00767×6.782=0.052(万元)两者相比,掉期交易比较合适.6、201X年11月16日合约执行价格1澳元=1.02美元即期汇率1澳元=1.024美元合约价格低于即期汇率，企业应该履行该合约，企业履约支付的澳元加上期权费：1澳元=1．02+（2.6834/100）=1.0468（美元）与即期交易相比，企业亏损：50×100×（1.0468-1.024）=114（美元）8、远期汇率低于及其汇率，故远期贴水为：远期汇率-即期汇率=0.188-0.190=-0.0029、行权，因为行权价低于实施期权时的即期汇率。

国际财务管理作业3(题目及参考答案)

国际财务管理作业31、远期外汇交易（1）（远期汇率计算）某日英国伦敦的外汇市场报价如下：英镑对美元的即期汇率为：1GBP ＝USD1.5392 / 1.5402，2个月的远期点数21/24；英镑对法国法郎的即期汇率为：1GBP＝FRF7.6590 / 7.6718，2个月的远期点数252/227，试计算：英镑对美元以及英镑对法国法郎两个月的远期汇率分别为多少？解：英镑对美元两个月的远期汇率1GBP＝USD（1.5392+0.0021）/ （1.5402+0.0024）1GBP＝USD1.5413/1.5426英镑对法国法郎两个月的远期汇率1GBP＝FRF(7.6590-0.0252) / (7.6718-0.0227)1GBP＝FRF7.6338/7.6491（2）巴黎外汇市场美元对欧元的即期汇率是1美元=0.8200-0.8240欧元，三个月远期贴水为340-330，我某公司出口一批机床，原报价每台机床30 000欧元。

现法国进口商要求我改用美元向其报价，且三个月后才能收汇。

问我应改报多少美元?解：（1）首先弄清l美元=0.8200-0.8240欧元为直接标价法，直接标价法下升水加贴水减三个月后美元对欧元的汇率：1美元=(0.8200-0.0340)-(0.8240-0.0330)欧元即l美元=0.7860-0.7910欧元（2）其次清楚0.7860为买入价，0.7910为卖出价（3）再有改报多少美元，最初报价30 000欧元，表明最后要得到的是欧元，这样改报的美元数应该能够换回所需要的欧元数，那么卖给银行美元用买入价即改报美元数：30 000／0.7860=38170美元（3）P教材85：第四题解：收：5000÷100×81.21=4060.5万元人民币减少损失为50万元（4）某个澳大利亚进口商从日本进口一批商品，日本厂商要求澳方在3个月内支付10亿日元的货款。

当时外汇市场的行情是：即期汇率：1澳元＝100.00～100.12日元3月期远期汇水数：2.00～1.90故3月期远期汇率为：1 澳元＝98.00～98.22日元如果该澳大利亚进口商在签订进口合同时预测3个月后日元对澳元的即期汇率将会升值到：1澳元＝80.00—80.10日元问题：1）若澳大利亚进口商不采取避免汇率风险的保值措施，现在就支付10亿日元，则需要多少澳元?2)若现在不采取保值措施，而是延迟到3个月后支付10亿日元，则到时需要支付多少澳元?3)若该澳大利亚进口商现在采取套期保值措施，应该如何进行?3个月后他实际支付多少澳元?解：1)该澳大利亚进口商签订进口合同时就支付10亿日元，需要以1澳元＝100.00日元的即期汇率向银行支付10亿/100.00=0.1亿澳元，即10,000,000澳元。

国际财务管理(带答案)

《国际财务管理》综合练习一、单项选择题（下列每小题的备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选、不选均不得分。

本题共30个小题，每小题2分）1. 国际证券组合投资可以降低（）。

A .系统风险B .非系统风险C .市场风险D .不可分散风险2. 如果票面利率小于市场利率，此时债券应该（）发行。

A .溢价B .折价C .平价D .以上答案都可以3. 以下风险中最重要的是（）。

A .商品交易风险B .外汇借款风险C .会计折算风险D .经济风险4. 如果某项借款名义贷款期为10年，而实际贷款期只有5年，则这项借款最有可能采用的偿还方式是（）。

A .到期一次偿还B .分期等额偿还C .逐年分次等额还本D .以上三种都可以5. 在国际信贷计算利息时以365/365来表示计息天数与基础天数的关系称为（）。

A .大陆法B .欧洲货币法C .英国法D .时态法6. 欧洲货币市场的主要短期信贷利率是（）。

A .LIBORB .SIBORC .HOBORD .NIBOR7. 一国政府、金融机构、公司等在某一外国债券市场上发行的，不是以该外国的货币为面值的债券是（）。

A .普通债券B .国内债券C .欧洲债券D .外国债券8. 在对国外投资的子公司进行财务评价时，应扣除的子公司不可控因素不包括（）。

A .转移价格B .利率波动C .通货膨胀D .汇率波动9. 在国际技术转让中，利润分享率一般认为应是（）。

A .1/2B .1/3C .1/4D .1/510. 美国A公司预测美元对英镑美元升值，美元对马克美元贬值，则A公司（）。

A .从英国的进口，应加快支付B .对英国的出口，应推迟收汇C .从德国的进口，应推迟支付D .对德国的出口，应推迟收汇11. "使用外资收益率"这一指标等于1减去（）。

A .可偿还期B .外资偿还率C .补偿贸易换汇率D .补偿贸易利润率12. 国际商业银行贷款中不属于短期的是（）。

国际财务管理作业及答案

1.若美元对人民币的即期汇率为￥7.9/$，6个月的远期汇率为￥7.8/$，已知中国6个月存款利率为2.9%，美元6个月存款利率为 4.2%。

如果投资者有一笔美元（假定100万美元），你认为应该到哪投资？为什么？答：我认为应该投资中国。

如果100万美元直接存在美国银行中：6个月到期值＝$100×（1＋4.2%×6/12）＝$102.1（万元）如果100万美元按即期汇率换成人民币，存入中国银行，按远期汇率将人民币到期值换成美元：6个月到期值＝$100×7.9×（1＋2.9%×6/12）÷7.8＝$102.75（万元）$102.75－102.1＝$0.65（万元）在中国投资比在美国投资增加收入$6500。

2.论述交易风险管理的范围和策略，并选择某一方法展开论述。

3.国内某企业按9%的利率取得一笔期限为1年的100万港币。

企业收到该比款项后将其兑换为人民币并向供应商支付货款，此时汇率为￥1.02/HK$，一年后偿还时汇率为￥0.96/HK$，该企业所负担的所得税税率为40%。

要求：（1）计算港元的汇率变动率；（2）分别计算该企业考虑和不考虑所得税下的借款实际融资成本。

解：（1）汇率变动率＝（0.96－1.02）/1.02＝-5.88％（2）不考虑所得税，实际融资成本＝（1＋9％）×（1－5.88％）－1＝2.59％考虑所得税，实际融资成本=[（1＋9％）×（1－5.88％）－1]×（1－40％）=1.55％4.为什么国际直接投资决策时大多数公司以母公司为评价主体？答：（1）流向母公司现金流量受到税收差异、外汇管制、收费过量和汇率变动等的影响，与子公司现金流量不同。

税收差异——子公司所取得的收益要汇回母公司，而母公司与子公司面临的税率可能存在差异。

当母公司所在国对汇回的收益课以高税，子公司的可行项目在母公司看来该是不可行的。

国际财务管理答案

Solutions for International Corporate FinanceChapter 1 (2)Chapter 2 (4)Chapter 3 (6)Chapter 4 (8)Chapter 5 (12)Chapter 6 (14)Chapter 7 (16)Chapter 8 (18)Chapter 9 (21)Chapter 10 (23)Chapter 11 (26)Chapter 12 (29)Chapter 15. International Business Methods. Snyder Golf Co., a U.S. firm that sells high-quality golf clubs in the U.S., wants to expand internationally by selling the same golf clubs in Brazil.a. Describe the tradeoffs that are involved for each method (such as exporting, direct foreign investment, etc.) that Snyder could use to achieve its goal.ANSWER: Snyder can export the clubs, but the transportation expenses may be high. If could establish a subsidiary in Brazil to produce and sell the clubs, but this may require a large investment of funds. It could use licensing, in which it specifies to a Brazilian firm how to produce the clubs. In this way, it does not have to establish its own subsidiary there.b. Which method would you recommend for this firm? Justify your recommendation. ANSWER: If the amount of golf clubs to be sold in Brazil is small, it may decide to export. However, if the expected sales level is high, it may benefit from licensing. If it is confident that the expected sales level will remain high, it may be willing to establish a subsidiary. The wages are lower in Brazil, and the large investment needed to establish a subsidiary may be worthwhile.8. Comparative Advantage.a. Explain how the theory of comparative advantage relates to the need for international business. ANSWER: The theory of comparative advantage implies that countries should specialize in production, thereby relying on other countries for some products. Consequently, there is a need for international business.b. Explain how the product cycle theory relates to the growth of an MNC.ANSWER: The product cycle theory suggests that at some point in time, the firm will attempt to capitalize on its perceived advantages in markets other than where it was initially established.10. Valuation of Wal-Mart’s International Business. In addition to all of its stores in the U.S., Wal-Mart has 11 stores in Argentina, 24 stores in Brazil, 214 stores in Canada, 29 stores in China, 92 stores in Germany, 15 stores in South Korea, 611 stores in Mexico, and 261 stores in the U.K. Consider the value of Wal-Mart as being composed of two parts, a U.S. part (due to business in the U.S.) and a non-U.S. part (due to business in other countries). Explain how to determine the present value (in dollars) of the non-U.S. part assuming that you had access to all the details of Wal-Mart businesses outside the U.S.ANSWER: The non-U.S. part can be measured as the present value of future dollar cash flows resulting from the non-U.S. businesses. Based on recent earnings data for each store and applying an expected growth rate, you can estimate the remitted earnings that will come from each country in each year in the future. You can convert those cash flows to dollars using a forecasted exchange rate per year. Determine the present value of cash flows of all stores within one country. Then repeat the process for other countries. Then add up all the present values that you estimated to derive a consolidated present value of all non-U.S. subsidiaries.15. International Joint Venture. Anheuser-Busch, the producer of Budweiser and other beers, has recently expanded into Japan by engaging in a joint venture with Kirin Brewery, the largest brewery in Japan. The joint venture enables Anheuser-Busch to have its beer distributed through Kirin’s distribution channels in Japan. In addition, it can utilize Kirin’s facilities to produce beer that will be sold locally. In return, Anheuser-Busch provides information about the American beer market to Kirin.a. Explain how the joint venture can enable Anheuser-Busch to achieve its objective of maximizing shareholder wealth.ANSWER: The joint venture creates a way for Anheuser-Busch to distribute Budweiser throughout Japan. It enables Anheuser-Busch to penetrate the Japanese market without requiring a substantial investment in Japan.b. Explain how the joint venture can limit the risk of the international business.ANSWER: The joint venture has limited risk because Anheuser-Busch does not need to establish its own distribution network in Japan. Thus, Anheuser-Busch may be able to use a smaller investment for the international business, and there is a higher probability that the international business will be successful.c. Many international joint ventures are intended to circumvent barriers that normally prevent foreign competition. What barrier in Japan is Anheuser-Busch circumventing as a result of the joint venture? What barrier in the United States is Kirin circumventing as a result of the joint venture?ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch is able t o benefit from Kirin’s distribution system in Japan, which would not normally be so accessible. Kirin is able to learn more about how Anheuser-Busch expanded its product across numerous countries, and therefore breaks through an “information”barrier.d. Explain how Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share in countries outside Japan as a result of this particular joint venture.ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share to Kirin as a result of explaining its worldwide expansion strategies to Kirin. However, it appears that Anheuser-Busch expects the potential benefits of the joint venture to outweigh any potential adverse effects.24. Global Competition. Explain why more standardized product specifications across countries can increase global competition.ANSWER: Standardized product specifications allow firms to more easily expand their business across other countries, which increases global competition.Chapter 24. Free Trade. There has been considerable momentum to reduce or remove trade barriers in an effort to achieve “free trade.” Yet, one disgruntled executive of an exporting firm stated, “Free trade is not conceivable; we are always at the mercy of the exchange rate. Any country can use this mechanism to impose trade bar riers.” What does this statement mean?ANSWER: This statement implies that even if there were no explicit barriers, a government could attempt to manipulate exchange rates to a level that would effectively reduce foreign competition. For example, a U.S. firm may be discouraged from attempting to export to Japan if the value of the dollar is very high against the yen. The prices of the U.S. goods from the Japanese perspective are too high because of the strong dollar. The reverse situation could also be possible in which a Japanese exporting firm is priced out of the U.S. market because of a strong yen (weak dollar). [Answer is based on opinion.]8. International Investments. In recent years many U.S.-based MNCs have increased their investments in foreign securities, which are not as susceptible to negative shocks in the U.S. market. Also, when MNCs believe that U.S. securities are overvalued, they can pursue non-U.S. securities that are driven by a different market. Moreover, in periods of low U.S. interest rates, U.S. corporations tend to seek investments in foreign securities. In general, the flow of funds into foreign countries tends to decline when U.S. investors anticipate a strong dollar.a. Explain how expectations of a strong dollar can affect the tendency of U.S. investors to invest abroad.ANSWER: A weak dollar would discourage U.S. investors from investing abroad. It can cause the investors to purchase foreign currency (when investing) at a higher exchange rate than the exchange rate at which they would sell the currency (when the investment is liquidated).b. Explain how low U.S. interest rates can affect the tendency of U.S.-based MNCs to invest abroad.ANSWER: Low U.S. interest rates can encourage U.S.-based MNCs to invest abroad, as investors seek higher returns on their investment than they can earn in the U.S.c. In general terms, what is the attraction of foreign investments to U.S. investors?ANSWER: The main attraction is potentially higher returns. The international stocks can outperform U.S. stocks, and international bonds can outperform U.S. bonds. However, there is no guarantee that the returns on international investments will be so favorable. Some investors may also pursue international investments to diversify their investment portfolio, which can possibly reduce risk.10. Exchange Rate Effects on Trade.a. Explain why a stronger dollar could enlarge the U.S. balance of trade deficit. Explain why a weaker dollar could affect the U.S. balance of trade deficit.ANSWER: A stronger dollar makes U.S. exports more expensive to importers and may reduceimports. It makes U.S. imports cheap and may increase U.S. imports. A weaker home currency increases the prices of imports purchased by the home country and reduces the prices paid by foreign businesses for the home country’s exports. This should cause a decrease in the home country’s demand for imports and an increase in the foreign demand for the home country’s exports, and therefore increase the current account. However, this relationship can be distorted by other factors.b. It is sometimes suggested that a floating exchange rate will adjust to reduce or eliminate any current account deficit. Explain why this adjustment would occur.ANSWER: A current account deficit reflects a net sale of the home currency in exchange for other currencies. This places downward pressure on that home currency’s value. If the currency weakens, it will reduce the home demand for foreign goods (since goods will now be more expensive), and will increase the home export volume (since exports will appear cheaper to foreign countries).c. Why does the exchange rate not always adjust to a current account deficit?ANSWER: In some cases, the home currency will remain strong even though a current account deficit exists, since other factors (such as international capital flows) can offset the forces placed on the currency by the current account.13. Effects of Tariffs. Assume a simple world in which the U.S. exports soft drinks and beer to France and imports wine from France. If the U.S. imposes large tariffs on the French wine, explain the likely impact on the values of the U.S. beverage firms, U.S. wine producers, the French beverage firms, and the French wine producers.ANSWER: The U.S. wine producers benefit from the U.S. tariffs, while the French wine producers are adversely affected. The French government would likely retaliate by imposing tariffs on the U.S. beverage firms, which would adversely affect their value. The French beverage firms would benefit.15. Demand for Exports. A relatively small U.S. balance of trade deficit is commonly attributed toa strong demand for U.S. exports. What do you think is the underlying reason for the strong demand for U.S. exports?ANSWER: The strong demand for U.S. exports is commonly attributed to strong foreign economies or to a weak dollar.Chapter 35. International Financial Markets. Recently, Wal-Mart established two retail outlets in the city of Shenzhen, China, which has a population of 3.7 million. These outlets are massive and contain products purchased locally as well as imports. As Wal-Mart generates earnings beyond what it needs in Shenzhen, it may remit those earnings back to the United States. Wal-Mart is likely to build additional outlets in Shenzhen or in other Chinese cities in the future.a. Explain how the Wal-Mart outlets in China would use the spot market in foreign exchange. ANSWER: The Wal-Mart stores in China need other currencies to buy products from other countries, and must convert the Chinese currency (yuan) into the other currencies in the spot market to purchase these products. They also could use the spot market to convert excess earnings denominated in yuan into dollars, which would be remitted to the U.S. parent.b. Explain how Wal-Mart might utilize the international money market when it is establishing other Wal-Mart stores in Asia.ANSWER: Wal-Mart may need to maintain some deposits in the Eurocurrency market that can be used (when needed) to support the growth of Wal-Mart stores in various foreign markets. When some Wal-Mart stores in foreign markets need funds, they borrow from banks in the Eurocurrency market. Thus, the Eurocurrency market serves as a deposit or lending source for Wal-Mart and other MNCs on a short-term basis.c. Explain how Wal-Mart could use the international bond market to finance the establishment of new outlets in foreign markets.ANSWER: Wal-Mart could issue bonds in the Eurobond market to generate funds needed to establish new outlets. The bonds may be denominated in the currency that is needed; then, once the stores are established, some of the cash flows generated by those stores could be used to pay interest on the bonds.11. Foreign Exchange. You just came back from Canada, where the Canadian dollar was worth $.70. You still have C$200 from your trip and could exchange them for dollars at the airport, but the airport foreign exchange desk will only buy them for $.60. Next week, you will be going to Mexico and will need pesos. The airport foreign exchange desk will sell you pesos for $.10 per peso. You met a tourist at the airport who is from Mexico and is on his way to Canada. He is willing to buy your C$200 for 130 pesos. Should you accept the offer or cash the Canadian dollars in at the airport? Explain.ANSWER: Exchange with the tourist. If you exchange the C$ for pesos at the foreign exchange desk, the cross-rate is $.60/$10 = 6. Thus, the C$200 would be exchanged for 120 pesos (computed as 200 ×6). If you exchange Canadian dollars for pesos with the tourist, you will receive 130 pesos.15. Exchange Rate Effects on Borrowing. Explain how the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar would affect the return to a U.S. firm that borrowed Japanese yen and used the proceeds for a U.S. project.ANSWER: If the Japanese yen appreciates over the borrowing period, this implies that the U.S. firm converted yen to U.S. dollars at a lower exchange rate than the rate at which it paid for yen at the time it would repay the loan. Thus, it is adversely affected by the appreciation. Its cost of borrowing will be higher as a result of this appreciation.20. Interest Rates. Why do interest rates vary among countries? Why are interest rates normally similar for those European countries that use the euro as their currency? Offer a reason why the government interest rate of one country could be slightly higher than that of the government interest rate of another country, even though the euro is the currency used in both countries.ANSWER: Interest rates in each country are based on the supply of funds and demand for funds for a given currency. However, the supply and demand conditions for the euro are dictated by all participating countries in aggregate, and do not vary among participating countries. Yet, the government interest rate in one country that uses the euro could be slightly higher than others that use the euro if it is subject to default risk. The higher interest rate would reflect a risk premium.21. Forward Contract. The Wolfpack Corporation is a U.S. exporter that invoices its exports to the United Kingdom in British pounds. If it expects that the pound will appreciate against the dollar in the future, should it hedge its exports with a forward contract? Explain.ANSWER: The forward contract can hedge future receivables or payables in foreign currencies to insulate the firm against exchange rate risk. Yet, in this case, the Wolfpack Corporation should not hedge because it would benefit from appreciation of the pound when it converts the pounds to dollars.Chapter 43. Inflation Effects on Exchange Rates. Assume that the U.S. inflation rate becomes high relative to Canadian inflation. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U.S. demand for Canadian dollars, (b) supply of Canadian dollars for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the Canadian dollar?ANSWER: Demand for Canadian dollars should increase, supply of Canadian dollars for sale should decrease, and the Canadian dollar’s value should increase.12. Factors Affecting Exchange Rates. Mexico tends to have much higher inflation than the United States and also much higher interest rates than the United States. Inflation and interest rates are much more volatile in Mexico than in industrialized countries. The value of the Mexican peso is typically more volatile than the currencies of industrialized countries from a U.S. perspective; it has typically depreciated from one year to the next, but the degree of depreciation has varied substantially. The bid/ask spread tends to be wider for the peso than for currencies of industrialized countries.a. Identify the most obvious economic reason for the persistent depreciation of the peso. ANSWER: The high inflation in Mexico places continual downward pressure on the value of the peso.b. High interest rates are commonly expected to strengthen a country’s currency because they can encourage foreign investment in securities in that country, which results in the exchange of other currencies for that currency. Yet, the peso’s value has declined against the dollar over most years even though Mexican interest rates are typically much higher than U.S. interest rates. Thus, it appears that the high Mexican interest rates do not attract substantial U.S. investment in Mexico’s securities. Why do you think U.S. investors do not try to capitalize on the high interest rates in Mexico?ANSWER: The high interest rates in Mexico result from expectations of high inflation. That is, the real interest rate in Mexico may not be any higher than the U.S. real interest rate. Given the high inflationary expectations, U.S. investors recognize the potential weakness of the peso, which could more than offset the high interest rate (when they convert the pesos back to dollars at the end of the investment period). Therefore, the high Mexican interest rates do not encourage U.S. investment in Mexican securities, and do not help to strengthen the value of the peso.c. Why do you think the bid/ask spread is higher for pesos than for currencies of industrialized countries? How does this affect a U.S. firm that does substantial business in Mexico?ANSWER: The bid/ask spread is wider because the banks that provide foreign exchange services are subject to more risk when they maintain currencies such as the peso that could decline abruptly at any time. A wider bid/ask spread adversely affects the U.S. firm that does business in Mexico because it increases the transactions costs associated with conversion of dollars to pesos, or pesos to dollars.14. Aggregate Effects on Exchange Rates. Assume that the United States invests heavily in government and corporate securities of Country K. In addition, residents of Country K invest heavily in the United States. Approximately $10 billion worth of investment transactions occur between these two countries each year. The total dollar value of trade transactions per year is about $8 million. This information is expected to also hold in the future. Because your firm exports goods to Country K, your job as international cash manager requires you to forecast the value of Country K’s currency (the “krank”) with respect to the dollar. Explain how each of the following conditions will affect the value of the krank, holding other things equal. Then, aggregate all of these impacts to develop an ov erall forecast of the krank’s movement against the dollar.a. U.S. inflation has suddenly increased substantially, while Country K’s inflation remains low. ANSWER: Increased U.S. demand for the krank. Decreased supply of kranks for sale. Upward pressure in the krank’s value.b. U.S. interest rates have increased substantially, while Country K’s interest rates remain low. Investors of both countries are attracted to high interest rates.ANSWER: Decreased U.S. demand for the krank. Increased supply of kranks for sale. Downward pressure on the krank’s value.c. The U.S. income level increased substantially, while Country K’s income level has remained unchanged.ANSWER: Increased U.S. demand for the krank. Upward pressure on the krank’s value.d. The U.S. is expected to impose a small tariff on goods imported from Country K. ANSWER: The tariff will cause a decrease in the United States’ desire for Country K’s goods, and will therefore reduce the demand for kranks for sale. Downward pressure on the krank’s value.e. Combine all expected impacts to develop an overall forecast.ANSWER: Two of the scenarios described above place upward pressure on the value of the krank. However, these scenarios are related to trade, and trade flows are relatively minor between the U.S. and Country K. The interest rate scenario places downward pressure on the krank’s value. Since the interest rates affect capital flows and capital flows dominate trade flows between the U.S. and Country K, the interest rate scenario should overwhelm all other scenarios. Thus, when considering the importance of implications of all scenarios, the krank is expected to depreciate.22. Speculation. Blue Demon Bank expects that the Mexican peso will depreciate against the dollar from its spot rate of $.15 to $.14 in 10 days. The following interbank lending and borrowingin the interbank market, depending on which currency it wants to borrow.a. How could Blue Demon Bank attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy.ANSWER: Blue Demon Bank can capitalize on its expectations about pesos (MXP) as follows:1. Borrow MXP70 million2. Convert the MXP70 million to dollars:MXP70,000,000 × $.15 = $10,500,0003. Lend the dollars through the interbank market at 8.0% annualized over a 10-day period. The amount accumulated in 10 days is:$10,500,000 × [1 + (8% × 10/360)] = $10,500,000 × [1.002222] = $10,523,3334. Repay the peso loan. The repayment amount on the peso loan is:MXP70,000,000 × [1 + (8.7% × 10/360)] = 70,000,000 × [1.002417]=MXP70,169,1675. Based on the expected spot rate of $.14, the amount of dollars needed to repay the peso loan is: MXP70,169,167 × $.14 = $9,823,6836. After repaying the loan, Blue Demon Bank will have a speculative profit (if its forecasted exchange rate is accurate) of:$10,523,333 – $9,823,683 = $699,650b. Assume all the preceding information with this exception: Blue Demon Bank expects the peso to appreciate from its present spot rate of $.15 to $.17 in 30 days. How could it attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy.ANSWER: Blue Demon Bank can capitalize on its expectations as follows:1. Borrow $10 million2. Convert the $10 million to pesos (MXP):$10,000,000/$.15 = MXP 66, 666,6673. Lend the pesos through the interbank market at 8.5% annualized over a 30-day period. The amount accumulated in 30 days is:MXP66,666,667 × [1 + (8.5% × 30/360)] = 66,666,667 × [1.007083] = MXP67,138,8894. Repay the dollar loan. The repayment amount on the dollar loan is:$10,000,000 × [1 + (8.3% × 30/360)] = $10,000,000 × [1.006917] = $10,069,1705. Convert the pesos to dollars to repay the loan. The amount of dollars to be received in 30 days (based on the expected spot rate of $.17) is:MXP67,138,889 × $.17 = $11,413,6116. The profits are determined by estimating the dollars available after repaying the loan:$11,413,611 – $10,069,170 = $1,344,44123. SpeculationDiamond Bank expects that the Singapore dollar will depreciate against the dollar from its spotDiamond Bank considers borrowing 10 million Singapore dollars in the interbank market andinvesting the funds in dollars for 60 days. Estimate the profits(or losses) that could be earned from this strategy. Should Diamond Bank pursue this strategy?ANSWER:Borrow S$10,000,000 and convert to U.S. $:S$10,000,000 × $.43 = $4,300,000Invest funds for 60 days. The rate earned in the U.S. for 60 days is:7% × (60/360) = 1.17%Total amount accumulated in 60 days:$4,300,000 × (1 + .0117) = $4,350,310Convert U.S. $ back to S$ in 60 days:$4,350,310/$.42 = S$10,357,881The rate to be paid on loan is:.24 × (60/360) = .04Amount owed on S$ loan is:S$10,000,000 × (1 + .04) = S$10,400,000This strategy results in a loss:S$10,357,881 – S$10,400,000 = –S$42,119Diamond Bank should not pursue this strategy.Chapter 52. Risk of Currency Futures. Currency futures markets are commonly used as a means of capitalizing on shifts in currency values, because the value of a futures contract tends to move in line with the change in the corresponding currency value. Recently, many currencies appreciated against the dollar. Most speculators anticipated that these currencies would continue to strengthen and took large buy positions in currency futures. However, the Fed intervened in the foreign exchange market by immediately selling foreign currencies in exchange for dollars, causing an abrupt decline in the values of foreign currencies (as the dollar strengthened). Participants that had purchased currency futures contracts incurred large losses. One floor broker responded to the effects of the Fed's intervention by immediately selling 300 futures contracts on British pounds (with a value of about $30 million). Such actions caused even more panic in the futures market.a. Explain why the central bank s intervention caused such panic among currency futures traders with buy positions.ANSWER: Futures prices on pounds rose in tandem with the value of the pound. However, when central banks intervened to support the dollar, the value of the pound declined, and so did values of futures contracts on pounds. So traders with long (buy) positions in these contracts experienced losses because the contract values declined.b. Explain why the floor broker s willingness to sell 300 pound futures contracts at the going market rate aroused such concern. What might this action signal to other brokers?ANSWER: Normally, this order would have been sold in pieces. This action could signal a desperate situation in which many investors sell futures contracts at any price, which places more downward pressure on currency future prices, and could cause a crisis.c. Explain why speculators with short (sell) positions could benefit as a result of the central bank s intervention.ANSWER: The central bank intervention placed downward pressure on the pound and other European currencies. Thus, the values of futures contracts on these currencies declined. Traders that had short positions in futures would benefit because they could now close out their short positions by purchasing the same contracts that they had sold earlier. Since the prices of futures contracts declined, they would purchase the contracts for a lower price than the price at which they initially sold the contracts.d. Some traders with buy positions may have responded immediately to the central bank s intervention by selling futures contracts. Why would some speculators with buy positions leave their positions unchanged or even increase their positions by purchasing more futures contracts in response to the central bank s intervention?ANSWER: Central bank intervention sometimes has only a temporary effect on exchange rates. Thus, the European currencies could strengthen after a temporary effect caused by central bank intervention. Traders have to predict whether natural market forces will ultimately overwhelm any pressure induced as a result of central bank intervention. ]。