2015年12月12日雅思阅读预测

2015年12月12日雅思阅读预测---外朗教育
The Gap of Ingenuity2 创新的空白2
Matching
1. C 【Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.】
2. A 【How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including……, an easy climate or a pushing one, whatever the case may be.】
3. D 【We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. conventional factors = traditional resources】
4. B 【Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, or
at least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power.】
选择题
5. B 【根据"incremental change of the last 100 years"定位到E段第一行，然后往后看可找到答案。

"Because these changes have accumulated slowly, it's often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping they've.】
6. B 【In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, and
pace of our inter actions with each other…】
7. C【…, because they are often very sensitive to the smallest of changes and perturbations, and their behavior can flip from one mode to another suddenly and dramatically.】
判断题
8. YES 【The good news, though, is that the last century’s stunning changes in our societies and technologies have not just increased our need for ingenuity;… 】
9. YES 【…we can't always rely on the right kind of ingenuity appearing when and where we need it. 我们不能总指望在我们有需要的时候，恰好就有相应的创造产生。

】
10. YES 【Very few of us have more than a rudimentary understanding of how these systems work.】
11. NO 【explore a wide range of other factors that will limit our ability to supply the ingenuity required in the coming century.】
12. NOT GIVEN 【文章并没有提到说下一代对政府管理的责备的问题】
13.YES 【题干说科学在某些领域会发展得比其他领域快，本意是科学各个方面分支发展快慢不一的现实。

原文见L 段的第6行, and science's rate of advance ...意思是有些现象或领域就是比其他的现象或领域难，那么这些领域中的知识进步会非常缓慢。

】
14.NO 【Progress in the social sciences is especially slow, for reasons we don't yet understand. 文章中说的是由于某些未知的原因，社会科学的进步尤其缓慢，而不是题干中说的，社会科学不如自然科学重要。

】
Density and Crowding 拥挤和人口密度
1. iv Problems that result in crowding 【.., there are three significant trends ...All of these trends are producing increased crowding and perception of crowding.】
2. vii definitions of crowding and density【...crowding and density are no necessarily the same. Density is ...Crowding is ...】
3. x Nature and results of Calhoun’s experiment 【A classic crowding study was done by Calhoun,.......B段讲述了Calhoun的一个关于拥挤的研究，当受到空间限制的时候，出现的一些列负面影响。

】
4. i Other experiments on the base of Calhoun’s experiment【D段首句有说other research啊~主要是D段首句就明确提及＂Calhoun的result使得后面进行了其他研究＂这就体现了选项中的＂on the base of Calhoun's experiment＂】
5. vi What cause the upset feel of crowding【There are several reasons why crowding makes us feel uncomfortable.】
6. ii The effects of crowding in the social scope on people 【F 段中监狱的性别（male and female）的举例子这是本段几个支持细节中的一个，所以选择ix （明显迷惑选项），因为无法概括第1句中心句和后面低个例子offered helping diffusion（提供帮助减少）例子就没有性别概念；F段首句即说了social density is associated with negative effects on human beings。

讲density对人类的影响，段落接下来具体举了很多了例子进行支持。

与选项ii意思相符。

B段区分的是纯粹的＂density＂的概念。

而F段用的是＂social density＂】
7. viii Advice for crowded work environment【Facing all these problems, what are we going to do with them?....The ability to cope with crowding is also influenced by the relationship the individual has with the other people in the situation.面临问题该怎么办，体现了选项中的advice】
8. privacy 【There are strong feelings of a lack of privacy-being unable to pay attention to what you want without being repeatedly interrupted or observed by
others.】
9. male prison 【题目问的是inmates。

其实可以这么想，如果你填small rooms 成立的话，其实后半句里的large rooms也就有可能也是答案了。

9题与F段第三句替换了：inmates in high density settings = inmates living in conditions of higher
densities;9题与F段第三句间的关系：inmates in high density settings = inmates
living in conditions of higher densities，more aggressive = more likely to suffer from
fight。

因此答案就浮出水面了：male prison】
10. personal space【These differences relate to the different personal space
requirements of the genders.因为need就是requirement的意思再填requirement就多余了;且10题gender已经与题目中的male and female替换了】
11. attraction/attraction levels【Besides, baum and Greenberg found that high density leads to decreased attraction, both physical attraction and link towards others and it appears to have gender differences in impact that density has on attraction levels, with males experiencing a more extreme reaction】
12. help 【This may be due to the fact that people diffuse responsibility among
themselves with no-one feeling that they ought to be the one to help. 12题be
reluctant to do sth. 判断词性为动词原形。

】
13. control 【The more control a person has over the crowded environment the less negatively they experience it, thus the perceived crowding is less(Schmidt and Keating).】
汽车发展史
Matching
1. D【Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of
automobiles in 1888 in a company later became the famous Mercedes-Benz.】
2. A【This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers enough to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing.】
3. B 【BMC’s revolutionary space-saving Mini, which first appeared in 1959, captured large sales worldwide.】
4. G 【On the technology front, the biggest developments in post-war era were the ...... The hott est technologies of the 1960s were NSU’s “Wankel engine”, the gas turbine, and the turbocharger.】
5. F 【..and made a huge leap in sale during World War II, as well as the postwar period.】
问答题
6. Petrol-fueled internal combustion.【In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. 题干要求的是
“late 19th century (19世纪末期)”，因此答案不是“internal combustion”。

】
7. Token of identity.【Everyone in town knew who owned what car and the cars were
soon to become each individual’s token of identity.】
8. 1 hour 33 minutes (或者93 minutes).【The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted Ford’s cars came off the line in fifteen minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing productivity eight fold (requiring 12.5 man-hours before, 1 hour 33 minutes after). 文中的15分钟
是指生产两辆车之间的间隔。

Interval：间隔，间距】
9. Polluting gas-guzzler.【Mazda had much success with its “Rotary” engine which,
however, acquired a reputation as a polluting gas-guzzler. 文中“reputation”意为“名声，荣誉”。

】
10. Oil crisis.【But everything changed in the 1970s as the 1973 oil crisis, automobile emissions control rules, Japanese and European imports, and stagnant innovation wreaked havoc on the American industry.】
11. Power.【Once the automobile emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with computerised engine management systems, power began to rise rapidly.】
12. Fuel (或者gasoline or diesel).【Most automobiles in use today are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline or diesel. Both fuels are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming.】
选择题
13. B【本文通篇叙述的都是汽车设计发展与革新，B答案与此内容相符。

而A、C答案是文中的某部分，不够完整；D答案的人类发展史则并未提及。

】
解密记忆力
1. E【此题不是很好定位，根据顺序原则定位到E段末句，讲到“大量有关于记忆力的书籍出版，并且记忆力和语法，逻辑以及修辞学并列被视为传统教育的一部分”原文所述与题目的“significant"相对应，但题目还问了” reason“，那可以往前找，此段前面讲到，因此一次灾难，让人发现我们大脑擅长记忆形象和空间信息。

后面又说因此，位置记忆法开始流行，这里就对应了题目中的"the reason why competence of super memory".因此答案为E】
2. A【In the 14 years since the World Memory Championships was founded, no one has memorized the order of a shuffled deck of playing cards in less than 30seconds. 】
3. C 【Cooke,23-year-old cognitive-science graduate student with...he can memorize the order of 10 grand master off brain storage.】
4. G【When he reviewed original case studies of naturals, he found that exceptional memorizers were using techniques-sometimes without realizing it -and lots of practice.】
5. F
6. specific person【specific person D段开始第一句How did he do it? Cooke has already memorized a specific person, verb, and object..】
7. three cards/3 cards【Every three-cards group forms a single image of a person doing something to an object.】
8. mental walk【...Cooke takes a mental walk along his route...】
9. loci method 【After Simonides' discovery, the loci method became popular across ancient Greece as a trick for memorizing speeches and texts.】
10. education【education ,on a par with grammar ,logic, and rhetoric.】
11. A【How did he do it? Cooke has already memorized a specific person, verb, and object.】
美国电影导演
Matching
1. iii 【“many films of the early silent era dealt with gender relations."这里面讲到从无声电影开始就有处理两性之间的关系。

“while D.W. Griffith’s films presented an idealized picture of the frail Victorian child-woman, and showed an almost obsessive preoccupation with female honor and chastity, other silent movies presented quite different images of feminity."这里面讲到“虽然D.W. Griffith的电影提供了一个理想化的虚弱维多利亚小妇女,和几乎是十分投入的展示了关注女性的荣誉和贞洁,
呈现出与其他无声电影完全不同的女性的形象"。

这两部分分别讲到从无声电影到D.W. Griffith的电影”，对应题目中的“development of American film",因此，正确答案为iii.】
2. i 【B段整段都在讲D.W. Griffith与他的团队，一直在通过对镜头的处理，然后怎样获利，进行讲解，因此正确答案为i。

】
3. iv
4. V
5. ii
6. vi 【"big five"..."little Three"这些对应了题目中的“increasing market”，因此，正确答案为vi】
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