基于单片机的万年历的设计与制作

基于单片机的万年历的设计与制作

摘要：

单片机应用技术飞速发展，纵观我们现在生活的各个领域，从导弹的导航装置，到飞机上各种仪表的控制，从计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，到工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处理，以及我们生活中广泛使用的各种智能IC卡、电子宠物等，这些都离不开单片机。单片机是集CPU 、RAM 、ROM、定时、计数和多种接口于一体的微控制器。它体积小，成本低，功能强，广泛应用于智能产业和工业自动化上。电子万年历是一种非常广泛日常计时工具，对现代社会越来越流行。它可以对年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒进行计时，还具有闰年补偿等多种功能，而且DS1302的使用寿命长，误差小。对于数字电子万年历采用直观的数字显示，可以同时显示年、月、日、周、时、分、秒和温度等信息，还具有时间校准等功能。该电路采用AT89S52单片机作为核心，功耗小，能在3V的低压工作，电压可选用3～5V电压供电。

本设计是基于51系列的单片机进行的电子万年历设计，可以显示年月日时分秒及周信息，具有可调整日期和时间功能。在设计的同时对单片机的理论基础和外围扩展知识进行了比较全面准备。在硬件与软件设计时，没有良好的基础知识和实践经验会受到很大限制，每项功能实现时需要哪种硬件，程序该如何编写，算法如何实现等，没有一定的基础就不可能很好的实现。在编写程序过程中发现以现有的相关知识要独自完成编写任务困难重重，在老师和同学的帮助下才完成了程序部分的编写。

万年历的设计过程在硬件与软件方面进行同步设计。硬件部分主要由AT89S52单片机，LCD1602显示电路，以及调时按键电路等组成。单片机使用了AT89S52单片机，该单片机适合于许多较为复杂控制应用场合。显示由LCD1602并行输出。软件方面主要包括日历程序、时间调整程序，显示程序等。程序采用C语言编写，以便更简单地实现调整时间功能。所有程序编写完成后，在Keil 软件中进行调试，确定没有问题后，在Proteus软件中嵌入单片机内进行仿真。最后在老师同学的帮助以及自己的努力下完成了此次电子万年历的设计。

关键词：

时钟电钟；DS1302；动态扫描；51单片机

Abstract

SCM application technology develop rapidly, looking around us now in all spheres of life, from missiles, navigation equipment, to the various instruments on the aircraft control from a computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation to real-time process control and data processing, and our lives extensive use of the smart card, electronic pets, which is inseparable from the microcontroller. Monolithic single-chip is the set of CPU, RAM, ROM, the timing,

number and variety of interface integrated microcontrollers. Its small size, low cost, high performance, which are widely used in smart industries, and industrial automation. E-calendar day time is a very wide range of tools, increasingly popular in modern society. It can be year, month, day, Sunday, hours, minutes, seconds for time, but also has a leap year compensation to a variety of functions, and the DS1302's long life, small error. For the digital electronic calendar using an intuitive digital display can simultaneously display year, month, day, Sunday, hours, minutes, seconds, and temperature and other information, but also a time-calibration and other functions. The circuit uses AT89S52 microcontroller as the core, power consumption, low-voltage work in 3V, the voltage can choose 3 ～5V voltage supply.

The design is based on 51 series of microcontrollers to the design of electronic calendar, you can display date information on when the minutes and seconds, and weeks, with adjustable date and time functions. At the same time in the design of the theoretical basis of the MCU and peripheral expansion of knowledge of the more comprehensive preparation. The hardware and software design, there is no good basic knowledge and practical experience will be greatly limited, each feature is required to achieve the kind of hardware, procedures, how to write, how to implement such algorithms, there is no certain foundation can not be good implementation. Found during the preparation process to the existing knowledge to complete the preparation of the task alone difficult,In the help of teachers and students to complete the program part of the preparation.

Calendar of the design process in hardware and software to synchronize the design. Hardware mainly by the AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD1602 display circuit, and the tune composed of the circuit when the button. In the SCM choice I used the AT89S52 microcontroller, which is suitable for many of the more complex control applications. Monitor the use of LCD1602.The software includes calendar program, time to adjust procedures, display programs. Programs written in assembly language used in order to more easily adjust the time and the realization of the lunar calendar display. All programming is complete, the Keil software debugging, make sure that no problems, in the Proteus software within a microcontroller embedded in the simulation. The final overall the teacher to help students, as well as their own efforts to complete the design of the electronic calendar.

Keywords:

Clock electric clock:DS1302; Dynamic scan:51SCM

引言

当今社会电子技术迅速的发展，特别是随着大规模集成电路的出现，给人类生活带来了根本性的改变。尤其是单片机技术的应用产品已经走进了千家万户。电子万年历的出现给人们的生活带来诸多方便。

电子钟是一种利用数字电路来显示秒、分、时的计时装置，与传统的机械钟相比，它具有计时准确、显示直观等优点，因而得到广泛应用。随着人们生活环境的不断改善和美化，在很多场合可以看到数字电子钟。