专八翻译

专八翻译总结（汉译英）

A.主谓单句

翻译过程中对照中文句式，以直译为主，适当调整语序。

注意事项:1.避免机械对应。如：中国近几年发生了巨大变化

These years have witnessed great changes in china.

2.翻译汉语句子的非动词谓语时，需补加动词.

余先生很聪明 Mr. Yu looks clever.

专八考试并不困难 TEM8 is not difficult.

3.避免谓语动词的机械对应.

打：打球 play，打架 fight，打车 grab/take

你们要搞调查研究。 You have to do some investigation study.

别搞那么多菜了. Do not make so many dishes.

你搞什么鬼？ What on earth are you up to?

他身体搞垮了。He ruined his health.

由此引出一个英汉互译中应该关注的现象------一词多义

马克思的思想和学说是永存的。Thought, teachings

关于新东方建设总路线的基本思想。 Ideas

破除迷信，解放思想。The mind

毛泽东军事思想的一个重要组成部分，是关于人民战争的思想.thinking/concept

政治问题和思想问题 ideological

B. 无主语句

如果走进了，会发现它那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富单纯的表情。

When approaching near，one would find their lily-white teeth and variety of innocent facial expressions

况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

Besides the ancient Chinese people have always regarded it as their fundamental philosophy of life that one should neither be confined to material things nor be enslaved by them.

注意事项：

汉语祈使句，英译依法照译。
里面了面~！Inside please

你的身份证 Your ID card !

2.汉语中叙事或者论理的无主语句，译时补加主语。

三十而立，四十不惑。

At thirty one is well-established, at forty one is free from any doubt.

学而时习之，不亦乐乎.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。

It is not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learned? It is not a delight after all to have friends come from afar.

3.汉语习惯性无主语转换为there be结构，也可采用主谓单句或者被动句式。

剩下的时间不多了。 There is very little time left.

没有不透风的墙。 The ways have ears.

注意：汉语无主句较为常见，转换成英文应时刻提醒自己补充或者还原主语。

试译：松下问童子，言师采药去。

（Under the pine tree, I asked a little boy, who said his master was out for medicines ）



C.流水句

流水句即叙事类的句子。这类句子通常在一句话里把两个或者两个以上的动词并列使用，这样的句子在英文中是不存在的。

如：它们几乎没有一个顾

得上抬起头来，看一眼这样美丽的黄昏。也许他们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。

Hardly any of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are perhaps making use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driving home.

当他活着一天，总要经量多劳动、多工作、多学习、不虚度年华，不让时间白白的浪费掉。

As long as they are alive(even there is only one day to live )they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible ,unwilling to dream away the time in vain and to let even one single second slip by without any gain.

注意事项：首推转换为英文独有的复合句式，其次考虑译为若干个以主谓结构为主干的分立单位或者平列散句，适当添加关联词。

我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？

Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling ?

我家放着一堆雨伞，少说有二十把，五颜六色，大小不一。

There is at least 20 umbrellas of all sizes and colors in my home.

不一会儿，北风小了。路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。

Presently the north wind dropped a little. By now, the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean. The Rick Wagoner quickened his pace.



D.意合句

这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。

This is a picture of the Yellow River bank in which the shepherd disappears and no one knows where he is resting.

意合句是指无关联词的复合句。翻译过程中先分析找出暗含的各种语义关系，然后选择相应的关联词或者其他手段，把句子的深层含义体现出来。

桂林山水甲天下，阳溯水山甲桂林。

Guilin’s mountain and waters rank first in china while Yangshuo’s even top of Guilin.

天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期。

The eternal universe sometimes comes to an end but my unceasing regret knows no limit.

最近二三十年来，科技发展日新月异，专业化的分工更细，协作的规模更大。

Over the last 20 or 30 years, science and technology have made new headways day by day, resulting in a more minute division of labor on the basis of specialization and in more extensive cooperation.

E.主次信息句

需把主要信息译成完整的英文单句，次要信息可译成独立结构或分词结构，作为伴随状语或原因状语。

他没有死，他的故事激励了千百万人的心。

He lives on his story inspiring the hearts of millions of people.

生亦何衰，死亦何苦？

Life is insignificant, death of little consequence.

天长地久。Heaven is eternal, the earth everlasting.



如果词汇和句法知识过关，同学们把握住各大中文句型翻译的基础模式后，顺利通过测试应游

刃有余。长期来看，You will enjoy a grander sight by climbing to a greater height.翻译学习是一辈子的事业。文豪莎士比亚说，“真爱之路永不平坦”。愿广大翻译爱好者能在追求翻译信达雅的道路上含笑收割，领略到语言的精髓，感受到文字的魅力。