高中英语语法之主语从句

依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓 “缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关 系如。果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what； 如缺时间状语用when； 地点状语用where； 原因状语用why； 方式状语用how； 定语用whose； 什么都不缺用that。
主语从句
在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
Find the subject clauses in the following sentences, and translate them.
1That he will come is certain. 2Whether it will please them is not easy
翻译练习 1.(谁将去见他)_W_h__o_w__il_l _m_e_e_t_h_i_m_ is not decided. 2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)__w_h_i_c_h__c_la_s_s__w_il_l__ ___w_i_n__th_e__fo_o__tb_a_l_l _g_a_m_e__is not clear so far. 3.(他能否买到飞机票)_W_h_e_th_e_r_h_e_c_a_n__ge_t_t_h_e_p_la_n_e_t_ic_ket doesn’t matter much. 4.(我们如何去那里)______H_o_w__w_e__w_i_ll_g_o__t_h_e_re_ is a question. 5.(你刚才告诉我的)__W__h_a_t_y_o_u__to__ld__m_e__ju_s_t_n__o_w__ was really a surprise. 6.(他什么时候出国)____W_h__e_n_h_e__w_i_ll_g_o__a_b_r_o_a_d__ is being discussed 7.(他为什么哭)____W_h_y__h_e__is__c_r_y_in_g___ is not clear.
（我们什么时候开会和去哪里吃饭还没决定 )
2. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由 表语的单复数决定.
What he wants __a_r_e__these books. What he wants ___is___some water.
1. T__h_a_t_ you don’t like him is none of my
3. That you missed the chance is a pity(你错过了这次机会)
二.whether 是否，表不确定的事情. 主语从句在句首只能用whether
×Whether he will come here is not easy to say(他是否会来这）
( If he will come here. .. )
business.
2. W__h__a_t he said at the meeting surprised
everybody present
3. W__h__e_t_h_e_rthe 2000 Olympic Games will be held
in Beijing is not known yet.
4. W__h__e_t_h_e_rwe’ll go camping tomorrow depends
on the weather.
5.W__h_o__e_v_e_rleaves the room last ought to turn off
the lights.
注意：
If ×
Wh. ether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.
It is necessary \important \strange \natural +that…+(should) +do…表示理应如此，惊奇, 不相信,惋惜等 *_I_t _is__p_o_s_s_ib__le__th_a_t__(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_I_t_i_s_o_b_v_i_o_u_s_t_h_a_t__(很明显)this measure is effective.很明显这个措施有效。
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
1. That the earth is round is known to all.
-- It’s known to all that the earth is round.
It is reported that... 据报道……
பைடு நூலகம்
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
if
It was not clear whether the solid shape
would last or not.
形式主语
真正主语
主语从句
引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, Conclusion: 但有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.
3. it作形式主语
为了避免主语冗长,句子“头重脚轻”,经常用it作 形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
10Where she is from is unknown.
引导主语从句的关联词:
从属连词 that, whether, (不作成分）
连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, （作成分） which, wh+ever
连接副词 （作状语） when, where, how, why
*It is strange that we should lose the game.
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that...
碰巧……
It occurred to sb. that… 某人突然想起…
*__It__h_a_p_p_e_n_e_d__th_a_t_I came into the office at that time.
宾语从句考点： 1. 引导词 2. 谓语动词单复数 3. It作形式主语
1.引导词
一.that ---只起引导作用，不充当成分，无词义，但不能省略。
That she left him hurts him so much.（她离开他 ）
1. That we will be late is certain.（我们将迟到了） 2. _T__h_a_t_t_h_e__e_a_r_th__i_s_r_o_u_n__d__ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
predicative clause 表语从句
Revision
Find the subjects in the following sentences.
1. A tree has fallen across the road. 2. You are a student. 3. To find your way can be a problem. 4. Smoking is harmful. 5. What she said is known. 6. That we shall be late is certain. 7. It is certain that we shall be late.
It +vi that……(happen…)
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… 事实是… It is common knowledge that… 众所周知,… *__It_i_s_a__p_it_y__th_a_t__(很遗憾)we lost the match.
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
-- It is a pity that you missed the chance.
It is +adj/n that……(strange/a pity…)
It is + v –ed that…..(…said/reported….)
碰巧我当时走进办公室。 *__It_o_c_c_u_r_r_e_d_t_o__m_e__th_a_t_I forget to sent the letter.
我突然想起我忘记去送信了。
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that...
据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
Who will host the meeting hasn’t been decided. 主
What you said just now is not true. 宾
Whoever he is doesn’t matter. 表
Whose car runs faster is obvious. 定
很遗憾我们输了比赛。 *_I_t _is__a_f_a_c_t_t_h_a_t _(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.
2) It is + adj. +从句 It’s certain that… 肯定… It is possible that... 很可能…… It is unlikely that... 不可能…… It is obvious that… 很明显…
高中英语语法之主语从句
1. I don’t know where the post office is. object clause 宾语从句
2. Did she tell us how we should do the work? object clause 宾语从句
3. My dream is that one day there is no generation gap between our mums and us.
Conclusion: 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
2.主语从句中的“主谓一致”
1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数 形式.
That they will come __i_s____certain.
When we’ll have the meeting and where we’ll have dinner have not been decided yet.
to say. 3Why he did it remains a mystery. 4Which side will win is not clear. 5What seems easy to some people seems
difficult to others.
思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？
三.其他疑问词（who(ever), whose,which(ever), what(ever)，when, where…）
what 在从句中作宾语
做成分（主、宾、表、定）
What we need
is more practice.(我们所需要的）
When 在从句中作状语
(我们何时开会）
When we will begin the meeting is under discussion.
6When they will start is not known yet.
7How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.