-6#蒸发器施工的方案
小学1-6年级（每年级6个班）课程表
六年级课程表
践
践
践
活
活
活
动
动
动
体品综综音 育德合合乐
与实实 社践践 会活活
动动
品综科体体 德合学育育 与实 社践 会活
动
践 活 动
音美 美综 科 乐术 术合 学
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心 小 学 课 程 表
项六 目年
级
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期
期
一
二
星
星
星
期
期
期
三
四
五
1 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 6
节
与
法
治
课 间 操
第 语 音 美 体 语 道 语 美 语 道 科体 美 语 语 语 体 道 校 体道 语语美道 科 语语 美 语
三 文 乐 术 育 文 德 文 术 文 德 学育 术 文 文 文 育 德 本 育德 文文术德 学 文文 术 文
节
与
与
与课
与
与
法
法
法程
法
法
治
治
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治
治
第 四 节
午 饭
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德 文学 文 德
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社
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会
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英数 语科数 语学 文学学
数数品英数 学学德语学
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数综 英语 英 学合 语文 语
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第 美体 科 品 综
IEC61508-2010-6 公式解释
λD λD λD
图3 moon结构系统可靠性框图
moon
CCF
不考虑共因失效的情况下，只有当结构中有n-m+1个通道都发生危险失效的情况下，系 统才发生危险失效。对于第一个发生危险失效的通道，其等效MDT等于单通道（1oo1）结 构的MDT，即 tCE ；对于第二个发生危险失效的通道，其等效MDT等于双通道并联（1oo2） 结构的MDT， 即 tGE ； 对于第三个发生危险失效的通道， 其等效MDT等于三通道并联 （1oo3） 结构的MDT，即 tG2E ；以此类推，对于第 n-m+1个发生危险失效的通道，其等效MDT等于 n-m+1通道并联 （1oo n-m+1） 结构的MDT， 也等于moon结构的MDT， 即 tG( n-m)E 。 因此， moon 结构的PFDavg为：
PFD（probability of dangerous failure on demand）的含义是安全相关系统被要求时执行 安全功能的失效概率，即表示安全功能的不可用性。PFDavg（average probability of dangerous failure on demand）是PFD在给定时间段内的平均值。PFDavg表示为安全功能的不可用性[2]：
PFH Pnnm1D
tCEtGEtG2E tG( n-m1)E
(6).
依据以上公式，下文将分别给出61508中各种结构PFDavg和PFH的推导过程。
3.4 1oo1 结构
1oo1结构只由一个通道构成， 通道的任何危险失效都将引起系统安全功能的失效， 其物 理框图如图4所示。
4
通道 诊断
D tG( n-m)E
PFDavg Pnnm1 (1 eD tCE )(1 eD tGE )(1 eD tG2E )(1 e Pnnm1D
5-6类职业及拒保职业
大分类中分类小分类类别0201006捕鱼人(沿海)60201008养殖工人(沿海)50202001远洋渔船船员拒保0202002近海渔船船员拒保0301002伐木工人60301003锯木工人60301004运材车辆之司机及押运人员60301005起重机之操作人员60301006装运工人、挂钩工人60302007锯木工人50302010木材搬运工人50303004森林防火人员60304002拖拉机驾驶员50304006沼气工程施工人员50401坑道内作业0401001矿工、采掘工、爆破工拒保0402005工人50403海上作业0403001海上所有作业人员(潜水人员拒保)60404001采石业工人拒保0404002采砂业工人拒保0405003技术员50405004油气井清洁保养修护工50405005钻勘设备安装换修保养工50405006钻油井工人50501012铁牛车驾驶、混凝土预拌车驾驶员`50501013机动三轮车夫50501016营业用货车司机、随车工人60501018矿石车司机、随车工人60501019工程卡车司机、随车人员50501020液化、氧化油罐车司机、随车工人6客货轮（沿海）0503001船长60503013水手长60503014水手60503015铜匠60503016木匠60503017泵匠60503018电机师60503019厨师60503020服务生60503021实习生6 游览船及小汽艇0503022游览船之驾驶及工作人员604矿业采掘业0402坑道外作业0404采矿石业0405陆上油矿开采业02渔业0201内陆渔业0202海上渔业03木材森林业0301森林砍伐业0302木材加工业0303造林业0304农林牧渔服务业05交通运输业0501陆运0503航运5-6类及拒保职业分类表0503023小汽艇之驾驶及工作人员6 港口作业0503034救难船员6客货轮（内河）0503035船长50503047水手长50503048水手50503049铜匠50503050木匠50503051泵匠50503052电机师50503053厨师50503054服务生50503055实习生5客货轮（远洋）0503056船长60503057轮机长50503058高级船员50503059大副50503060二副50503061三副50503062大管轮50503063二管轮50503064三管轮50503065报务员50503066事务长50503067医务人员50503068水手长60503069水手60503070铜匠60503071木匠60503072泵匠60503073电机师60503074厨师60503075服务生60503076实习生60504027民航机飞行人员60504028机上服务员60504029直升机飞行人员60701013钢骨结构工人50701014鹰架架设工人、铁工50701015焊工50701017建筑工程机械操作员50701022金属门窗装修工人50701025拆屋、迁屋工人50701026凿岩工拒保0701032装饰装修工（室外）（基础装修至毛坯）505交通运输业07建筑工程0701建筑公司0701037房屋维修工人（室外）50702002现场勘测人员（山区）50702005工程机械操作员50702006工程车辆驾驶员50702007铺设工人(山地)50702009维护工人50702010电线架设及维护工人50702012高速公路工程人员(含美化人员)50702013筑路、养护工50702015铁路舟桥工50702016道岔制修工50703003工人50703004拆船工人6注：造修游艇人员职业类别各减一级0704电梯、升降机0704001安装工人60705003非住宅室内装璜人员(不含木工、油漆工)50705005室外装璜人员60705008金属门窗制造、装修工人50706001安装玻璃幕墙工人拒保0706002钢结构安装工50706005中央空调系统安装及维护人员50706008地质探测员（山区）60706009地质探测员（海上）60706011海湾港口工程人员50706012水坝工程人员、挖井工程人员50706013桥梁工程人员50706014隧道工程人员60706015潜水工作人员拒保0706016爆破工作人员拒保0706017挖泥船工人50707005海洋测绘工程技术人员（海上作业）60801003高炉原料工50801004高炉炉前工拒保0801005高炉运转工50801006炼钢原料工60801007炼钢工60801008炼钢浇铸工60801009练钢准备工50801011铁合金电炉冶炼工50801014火法冶炼工50801016烟气制酸工50801020酸洗工50801022金属材热处理工50801023焊管工60801024金属挤压工50801025铸轧工50801027铸管工50705装璜业0706安装及其他0702铁路公路铺设0703造修船业0707测绘工程08制造加工维修业0801冶金业0801029硬质合金成型工50802004车床工50802006车工50802007铣工50802008磨工50802009镗工50802010钻床工50802011组合机床工50802012加工中心操作工50802013拉床、锯床工50802014弹性元件制造工50802015铸造、锻造工50802016冲压工50802017剪切工50802018焊工50802019金属热处理工50802020粉末冶金处理工50802022涂装工50802023电切削工50802031锅炉设备装配工50802033有关高压电之工作人员60802034铁心叠装工50804003有关高压电之工作人员60806003水泥生产制造工60806004采掘工拒保0806005爆破工拒保0806006石灰焙烧工60806009加气混凝土制品工60806011装饰石材生产工50806012石棉制品工拒保0806013金刚石制品工50807006液化气体制造工50807021防腐蚀工50807027油制气工60807030炼焦工,焦炉机车司机60807031煤制气工60807032煤气储运工50807037硫酸铵生产工50807038过磷酸铵生产工50807043硫酸生产工拒保0807044硝酸生产工拒保0807045盐酸生产工拒保0807046磷酸生产工拒保0807047纯碱生产工拒保0807048烧碱生产工拒保0807049氟化盐生产工拒保0807050缩聚磷酸盐生产工拒保0802机械制造维修业0804电机业0806水泥业(包括水泥、石膏、石灰、陶器)0807化工业0807052高频等离子工50807053气体深冷分离工,制氧工50807054工业气体液化工50807056二氧化硫制造工50807057脂肪烃生产工50807068橡胶生产工50807076化纤聚合工50807106其他有毒物品生产工拒保 0808001火药炸药业人员拒保0808002烟花爆竹业人员拒保0809006铁路车辆制造装修工50811002制浆备料工50811003制浆设备操作工50811004制浆废液回收利用工50812003木制家具制造工人50812005金属家具制造工人50816007家用空调安装与维修50816028焊接工50816032冲床工50816033剪床工50816034铣床工50816035铸造工50816037车床工(其他)50818005玻璃加工工50901005战地记者拒保0902006广告招牌架设人员50902007霓虹光管安装及维修人员51101005武打演员51101006特技演员拒保1101025广播电视天线工51106海水浴场1106004救生员51107007动物园驯兽师拒保1108艺术及演艺人员1108015高空杂技、飞车、飞人演员拒保12文教机构1201011飞行训练教官及学员61401007通信系统供电设备、空调设备安装维护人员51401010电台天线维护人员51401011光缆铺设人员51402012高压线路带电检修工拒保1402013变压器检修工51402014变电设备检修工51402026牵引电力线路安装维护工61402027维修电工51402028电力设施架设人员51402029电力高压电工程设施人员拒保1403008水泵或提水站的维修人员51403009河道清淤的工人50808火药、炸药、烟花业0809机动车、自行车制造业与修理业09出版广告业0901出版印刷业0902广告业1403自来水(水利)1201教育机构0816家电制造维修业0818玻璃制造业0811造纸工业0812家具制造业11娱乐业1101广播电影电视业1107其他游乐园14公共事业1401邮政与通信1402电力08制造加工维修业15一般买卖（零售批发业）1501买卖1501043负责人及工作人员51603017高楼外部清洁工、烟囱清洁工51802005刑警51802006警务特警61802007防暴警察、武警拒保1803008防毒防化防核抢险员拒保1803009一般事故抢险员61803013消防队队员61803015火灾嘹望观察员（直升机）62118滑雪2118002滑雪人员62127曲棍球2127002曲棍球球员52128冰上曲棍球2128002冰上曲棍球球员62129橄榄球2129002橄榄球球员62130摔跤2130002摔跤运动员52132002职业拳击运动员拒保2132003业余拳击运动员619军人1901现役军人1901002特种兵(伞兵、水中爆破兵、化学兵、负有布雷爆破任务之工兵)21职业运动2132拳击16服务业1603其他18公检法等执法检查机关1802公安警务工作人员1803其他执法、治安及特种工作人员拒保。
Professional English for Chemical Engineering(化工专业英语)---6
根据学科领域确定词义
同一个词在不同领域表示不同的含义，这 是因为各行各业都尽量采用常用词汇来表 达各自专业的概念。
The lathe should be set on a firm base 车床应该安装在坚实的底座上。 As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt 众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐。 A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector. 晶体管有三个电极，即发射极、基极和集电极 Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC AB线是三角形ABC的底边 Mathematics is the base of all other science 数学是所有其他科学的基础。
词类引申
因为普通词汇在专业英语中往往具有专业含义， 因此，在翻译时需要体现出相应的引申意义。 Whichever way the two two-way switches are left, one of the wires is alive and the other is dead 无论这两个双路开关合在那一边，两个导线中总 有一根式带电的，一根是不带电的。 Such a ring of feed flow is called internal loop reactor 这样的一个原料物流的环路流动就被叫做内循环 反应器。
根据词类确定词义
英语中有些词在不同的句子中属于不同的 词类，词类不同，其词义不同。 例如: Back: 作副词为“回来”；动词为 “支持”，形容词为“过期的”，名词指 “背面”、“背部”等。 因此，对于这类词汇，翻译时应该首先判 明其词性，再进一步确定词义
04-06年天气预报
晴0--9
阴8-0
晴20-10
雨25-16
晴28-18
20
晴19-8
阴11-3
晴5--2
雨8-3
晴20-12
雨26-15
雨29-20
晴25-15
晴18-9
晴11-3
晴-4--11
阴9-1
晴23-11
雨24-16
雨27-18
21
晴21-10
阴6--1
晴5--3
雨7-2
晴20-12
雨26-16
晴22-13
雨26-19
晴28-18
27
阴16-6
晴9--2
晴0--9
雨18-6
晴23-13
晴31-20
雨27-19
晴25-15
晴22-8
晴11-3
晴-3--13
晴17-6
晴26-15
晴23-17
雨29-17
28
晴18-10
晴12--1
晴-2--16
雨18-6
晴26-13
晴32-22
雨28-19
晴26-16
晴15-5
雨24-15
晴26-17
雨26-19
晴20-9
晴15-3
晴15-5
晴-8--17
晴12--1
晴20-8
晴33-20
晴31-18
阴26-20
3
晴14-4
雪6-1
晴10-1
晴15-6
阴25-15
雨28-18
雨27-19
晴22-12
晴18-5
晴16-1
雪-6--13
晴7--3
晴23-12
93版包青天之铡美案1-6集分集剧情介绍
93版包青天之铡美案1-6集分集剧情介绍第1集：剧情介绍：秦⾹莲背着公婆灵位，带着⼀双⼉⼥（宁⼉、馨⼉）千⾥迢迢来到开封，四处寻访得各丈夫陈世美已考得状元，且。
但当⾹莲到达状元府，碰见丈夫陈世美时，陈却⼀⼝咬定⾹莲乃是疯妇。
⽆奈之际，恰逢王丞相乘轿经过，⾹莲拦轿呼冤。
王丞相为辨⾹莲冤情真伪，安排陈⾄府中赴宴。
席间，王丞相叫⾹莲弹唱助兴。
⽽⾹莲则借弹唱之机，述说家遭饥荒，丈夫赴今赶考沓⽆⾳讯，家遭剧变公婆双亡，千⾥寻夫却不料丈夫为求荣华⽽抛糟糠之妻等冤情。
陈借⼝⾝体不适离席⽽去，王丞相指引⾹莲⾄开封府，请包青天为之申冤。
包青天接案后⾄状元府试探冤情真伪后得知⾹莲所⾔⾮虚。
陈怕事情败露影响前程，谎称⾹莲为疯妇，派杀⼿韩琪欲杀⾹莲灭⼝。
韩琪奉命追杀⾹莲，但在得知⾹莲冤情之后，韩决定放⾛⾹莲母⼦三⼈，⼜怕回去不好交差，义然绝然选择⾃杀。
临终前拔出钢⼑，交给⾹莲，以作陈杀妻灭⼦之证物。
不料巡逻官差经过，误认⾹莲为杀韩琪之凶⼿，抓⾄县衙。
县令徐家麟是⼀位贪官，因案情涉及到当朝驸马（陈），便以此作为升官捷径，暗通陈世美，将⾹莲屈打成招为私通韩琪、谋杀奸夫的罪⼈……第2集：剧情介绍：⾹莲既已定罪，徐县令与陈世美密谋在押解途中将⾹莲母⼦三⼈杀害，已求斩草除根。
幸得咱们正义的化⾝展昭路过，拔⼑相助，将捍莲母⼦救下。
问明原委后，展昭随⾹莲母⼦来到韩琪⾃杀现场，以期录得蛛丝马迹。
不料现场已被破坏，⽽韩琪⼫体也被徐县令⽕化消毁。
展昭夜探县衙，录得重要物证——韩琪⾃杀所⽤钢⼑。
展昭授意⾹莲在包青天回府途中。
⼿捧钢⼑拦轿喊冤。
包青天重接本案，将陈世美带⾄开封府⼤堂审问。
虽有钢⼑为证，奈何韩琪已死，死⽆对证，陈借此扬长⽽去，包青天只得退堂再⾏商议对策。
展昭等⼈分头搜集陈与⾹莲结婚、派韩琪杀害⾹莲母⼦及与徐县令勾结谋害⾹莲母⼦等证据。
陈央求王丞相安排与⾹莲母⼦单独相见，丞相应允。
陈与⾹莲相见，假意表露悔意，劝说⾹莲母⼦返乡，善良的⾹莲正欲答应，不料公主突然现⾝，恰逢陈与⾹莲母⼦相认，拂袖离去。
幼儿园学校3-6岁幼儿发展指南
关于《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》解读《指南》提出，要珍视游戏和生活的独特价值，创设丰富的教育环境，合理安排一日生活，最大限度地支持和满足幼儿通过直接感知、实际操作和亲身体验获取经验的需要，严禁“拔苗助长”式的超前教育和强化训练。
《指南》以为幼儿后继学习和终身发展奠定良好素质基础为目标，以促进幼儿体、智、德、美各方面的协调发展为核心，通过提出3-6岁各年龄段儿童学习与发展目标和相应的教育建议，帮助幼儿园教师和家长了解3-6岁幼儿学习与发展的基本规律和特点，建立对幼儿发展的合理期望，实施科学的保育和教育，让幼儿度过快乐而有意义的童年。
《指南》从健康、语言、社会、科学、艺术五个领域描述幼儿的学习与发展。
每个领域按照幼儿学习与发展最基本、最重要的内容划分为若干方面。
每个方面由学习与发展目标和教育建议两部分组成。
目标部分分别对3～4岁、4～5岁、5～6岁三个年龄段末期幼儿应该知道什么、能做什么，大致可以达到什么发展水平提出了合理期望，指明了幼儿学习与发展的具体方向；教育建议部分列举了一些能够有效帮助和促进幼儿学习与发展的教育途径与方法。
一、健康健康是指人在身体、心理和社会适应方面的良好状态。
幼儿阶段是儿童身体发育和机能发展极为迅速的时期，也是形成安全感和乐观态度的重要阶段。
发育良好的身体、愉快的情绪、强健的体质、协调的动作、良好的生活习惯和基本生活能力是幼儿身心健康的重要标志，也是其它领域学习与发展的基础。
为有效促进幼儿身心健康发展，成人应为幼儿提供合理均衡的营养，保证充足的睡眠和适宜的锻炼，满足幼儿生长发育的需要；创设温馨的人际环境，让幼儿充分感受到亲情和关爱，形成积极稳定的情绪情感；帮助幼儿养成良好的生活与卫生习惯，提高自我保护能力，形成使其终身受益的生活能力和文明生活方式。
幼儿身心发育尚未成熟，需要成人的精心呵护和照顾，但不宜过度保护和包办代替，以免剥夺幼儿自主学习的机会，养成过于依赖的不良习惯，影响其主动性、独立性的发展。
大学英语(一)1-6与10单元A翻译
3. As Rockets' strength coach says, there is something inside of Yao that makes him work harder and want to do even better.
3. 她没有足够的力气来推开这扇门。（strength）
She doesn't have enough strength to push this door open.
4. 你应该意识到担心是无济于事的，你该做点什么才行。（aware）
You should be aware that it is no use worrying; you need to do something about it.
1. True, there will be many people ready to help you, but you will often have to take the first step in whatever you choose to do.
的确，会有很多人帮助你，但是无论你决定做什么，你常常得自己走出第一步。
1. 人们期望看到有更多的优秀球员到国外去打篮球。（look forward to）
People look forward to seeing more excellent players play basketball abroad.
2. 球迷们都围着他要签名。（surround）
The football fans surrounded him and asked for his signature.
课后练习Book1-6 TextA新视野第三版
indicate that children who often take part in cooperative 1. Studies_________ programs benefit a lot more than other children. conventional 2.They are such a(n) ________________ family — they must have been shocked when their son dyed (染) his hair pink. 3.Testing students by examinations has long been regarded as a reliable way to __________students ability. assess 4. Many power stations have been modernized to give off less , or they were moved further away from the living areas in order to decrease __________the damage.
6. Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.
A withdraw赢得获得得到 F reliable可靠的可信赖的 K Committing保证，承诺 B decline下降，辞谢，谢绝 G Opportunity机会 L contrasting对比对照 C Interfering干预妨碍 H schedules安排,时刻表进度表M Consistent一致的，连续 D burning燃烧的发热的 I Decrease减少，减小 N flexible灵活的，易弯曲的 E Compromising妥协，退让 J generate形成/造成/产生 O Circumstance环境/境遇 Nowadays college education cost is rising sharply. More and more college J generate income to support students have to work in order to (1)___________ themselves. But how can you prevent working from (2)_________ your study? C interfering
2006-1-6_GPRS基础
在MS与SGSN间提供高可靠的加密逻辑链路。 LLC层同时支持证实（acknowleged)和无证实 （unacknowleged)两种模式， 在证实模式，LLC－PDU的接收需被确认，如果在规定的时间 内得不到确，LLC－PDU将被重传。 在无证实模式，对LLC－PDU没有确认的要求。信令和短信是 在无证实模式下传送的。
Class B
Class C
只能够连接一种服务(语音或数据服务) 需要利用手机菜单(Menu/Default)或按键更改服务类型(语音、 数据)
GPRS终端的多时隙能力
•规范中定义了29个MS 多时隙等级(class1-29) •在多时隙终端分为两种类型: •TYPE1(Class1-12,19-29):不要求MS同时收发. •TYPE2(Class13-18):要求MS同时收发.
RLC data block size (octets) 22 32 7/8 38 3/8 52 7/8
(octets) CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 22 32 38 52 0 7 3 7
GPRS PDCH信道的编码方案
Radio Block USF BCS rate 1/2 convolutional coding
D
SM-SC C
HLR Gc Gi GGSN PDN TE
Gr
SGSN
EIR
GPRS业务各接口定义
Gb SGSN与BSS的接口 Gc GGSN和HLR的接口 Gd SGSN与短信中心的接口 Gf SGSN与EIR的接口 Gi GPRS与外网间的参考点 Gn 同一PLMN中GSN间的接口 Gp不同PLMN中GSN间的接口 Gr SGSN与HLR间的接口 Gs SGSN与MSC/VLR间的接口 Um 移动台与固定网络的空中接口
2019年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题第一套试卷及参考答案
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) A six- month-long negotiation.B) Preparations for the party.C) A project with a troublesome client.D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues.2. A) Take wedding photos.B) Advertise her company.C) Start a small business.D) Throw a celebration party.3. A) Hesitant.B) Nervous.C) Flattered.D) Surprised.4. A) Start her own bakery.B) Improve her baking skill.C) Share her cooking experience.D) Prepare food for the wedding.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They have to spend more time studying.B) They have to participate in club activities.C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline.6. A) Get ready for a career.B) Make a lot of friends.C) Set a long-term goal.D) Behave like adults.7. A) Those who share her academic interests.B) Those who respect her student commitments.C) Those who can help her when she is in need.D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does.8. A) Those helpful for tapping their potential.B)Those conducive to improving their social skills.C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.D)Those conducive to their academic studies.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.C) They are good at refining old formulas.D) They bring their potential into full play.10. A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.B) They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing techniques.C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.D) They made explosive news in the sports world.11. A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world.C)He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.D)He broke three world skiing records in three years.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They appear restless.B) They lose consciousness.C) They become upset.D) They die almost instantly.13. A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.B)It keeps returning to you every now and then.C)It leaves you with a long-lasting impression.D)It contributes to the shaping of you mind.14. A) To succeed while feeling irritated.B) To feel happy without good health.C) To be free from frustration and failure.D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.15. A) They are closely connected.B) They function in a similar way.C) They are too complex to understand.D) They reinforce each other constantly.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They differ in their appreciation of music.B) They focus their attention on different things.C) They finger the piano keys in different ways.D) They choose different pieces of music to play.17. A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations.D) They attach great importance to high performance.18. A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.B) It adopts a conventional approach to research.C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.D) It gives rise to controversy among experts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) People’s envy of slim models.B) People’s craze for good health.C) The increasing range of fancy products.D) The great variety of slimming products.20. A) They appear vigorous.B) They appear strange.C)They look charming.D) They look unhealthy.21.A) Culture and upbringing.B) Wealth and social status.C)Peer pressure.D) Media influence.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) The relation between hair and skin.B) The growing interest in skin studies.C)The color of human skin.D) The need of skin protection.23. A) The necessity to save energy.B) Adaptation to the hot environment.C)The need to breathe with ease.D)Dramatic climate changes on earth.24. A) Leaves and grass.B) Man-made shelter.C)Their skin coloring.D) Hair on their skin.25.A) Their genetic makeup began to change.B)Their communities began to grow steadily.C)Their children began to mix with each other.D)Their pace of evolution began to quicken. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 , to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other, more fat-promoting carbohydrates.“The study found that pasta didn’t 31 to weight gain or increase in body fat,” said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. “In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.” In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss. So 34 to concerns, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy dietThose involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over anDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and ClicksA) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstorm, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking do wn yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny. C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.D) So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting “reinvented,” as we describe in our new book. Matchmakers. It’s standing in the path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently, “We’re frankly scratching our heads.”F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot. com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill—and quickly. The dot.corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn’t movemainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.L) So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals．Many are having the same problem that newspapers have. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.M) A few seem to be making this work．Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy’s, Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), “Growth here is too slow．”Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one．click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions．A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay．Almost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B．N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data．Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable．Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems．It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales．It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with“non-store retailers"1ike food trucks．can mask major changes in individual retail categories．The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways．but they have chosen not to．O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon．The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category．Investors shouldn’t write off brick and mortar．Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter36.Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey．37.Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models．38.Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping．39.Innovative-driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated．40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a bigconcern for traditional retailers.42.Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “ crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one—industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.”Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?A) They are much influenced by the academic community.B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,”says Rodriguez.But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,”he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,”all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.“I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on,”she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?51. What does the passage say about the startups?A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to______.A) have an interview with potential customersB) conduct a survey of retirement communitiesC) collect residents’ feedback on their productsD) show senior residents how to use IT products53. What do we know about SentabTV?A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?A) Winning trust from prospective customers.B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
工程热力学与传热学(第十四讲)-6-3
第三节多变过程前面我们介绍了四种典型的热力过程（统称为基本热力过程）。
它们的特点是在状态变化过程中，不发生变化或系统与环境之间没有热量交换。
在实际的热力工程中，往往是三个状态参数都发生改变，且系统与环境之间存在热量交换。
所以就不能用前面讲的热力过程来分析实际中的热力工程。
这就需要建立一种更普遍、更一般、更有代表性的过程来研究，并且这种过程能满足一定的规律性。
多变过程能满足我们的需要。
多变过程的表达式为：pv n=常数式中：n—多变指数。
在某一特定的多变过程中，n值为常数；在不同的的多变过程中，n值也不相同。
n值的取值范围：+∞到-∞之间的任何实数，对应的多变过程也有无限种。
为了研究和分析的方便，我们可以将一个复杂的多变过程，分为n之不同的几个热力过程阶段，使每个阶段的n只保持不变。
每个阶段的特征为：pv n=常数，且n为定值。
这样，多变过程实际上就是所有热力过程的总称了。
多变过程包括了所有的热力过程，四个基本热力过程只是多变过程的特例，所以也可用多变过程来表示。
（习惯上多变过程是指除四个基本热力过程之外的其他过程）。
当n=0时，pv0=p=常数。
（即定压过程）；当n=1时，pv1=pv=常数。
（即等温过程）；当n=k时，pv k=常数。
（即绝热过程）；当n=±∞时，pv n=常数,则p1/n v=常数, p1/n v= p1/±∞v= v=常数。
（即定容过程）。
由于多变过程与绝热过程的过程方程式类似，所以多变过程的计算可以套用绝热过程的计算公式，只是将公式中的k值变为n值即可。
1．过程方程式pv n =常数2．初、终状态参数关系由理想气体状态方程pv=RT 和过程方程可求得初、终状态参数关系为P 1v 1n = P 2v 2n4．能量计算多变过程中，内能和焓的变化量分别为Δu=c v (T 2-T 1) Δh=c p (T 2-T 1)比膨胀功比技术功为由式（6-16）和式（6-17）看出，多变过程中，技术功为膨胀功的n 倍。
XMDA系列2-6路智能数显控制仪表说明书
XMDA 系列2-6 路智能数字显示控制仪表使用说明书一、概述XMDA 系列仪表是智能2-6 回路数字显示控制仪表。
它具备强大的编程输入能力，配合各种输入模块，能适合热电偶、热电阻、电压、电流等多种信号的输入，它不仅具备通常巡检仪的全部功能，更适合在计算机监控系统中做数据采集下位机，为计算机提供廉价、适应性强、可靠且精确度高的模拟量采集数据。
具备输入数字校正系统、数字滤波、可编程输入规格及可编程报警输出等功能；具有90-260VAC 范围输入的开关电源及多种安装尺寸等特点。
6 个可编程输入回路，配合不同的输入模块，可以输入最多6 路的热电偶、电压或电流信号。
齐全的输入规格，各路输入可以使用不同的信号规格。
当输入为线性电压、电流或电阻时，各回路可独立定义刻度及小数点位置，当输入为热电偶或热电阻等温度传感器时，可独立进行平移修正及选择0.1/1℃指示分辨率。
各输入回路均具备数字滤波，且滤波强度可以独立调整或取消滤波。
输入显示路数可任意设置为1-6 路。
具备定点/ 自动巡回测量显示功能，并可手动设置巡检速度。
本系列仪表具备公共的上、下限报警限值设定功能，并且其报警限值与回差各路可分别独立设置。
XMDA 最多可同时支持6 路输入和2 路继电器输出。
具备先进的与计算机通讯功能，仪表可选配通讯组件（RS232C/RS485），可与上位计算机通信，或接微型打印机，定时/ 随机打印测量数据。
它在通讯时可等同6 台独立的测量仪表，可大大降低计算机采集模拟量数据的成本。
二、技术规格输入规格：热电偶和线性mV 电压：K、S、WRe5-26、E、J、T、B、N、0-20mV、0-50mV、0-100mV 等热电阻：Pt100、Cu50、0-80 欧、0-400 欧等线性电压：0-1V、0.2-1V、0-2.5V、0-5V、1-5V 等线性电流：0-10mA、0-20mA、4-20mA 等热电阻接线为三线制，要求三线电阻相等，引线电阻小于18 欧测量范围：K(-50~1300℃)、S(-50~1700℃)、WRe526（0~2300℃）、T(-200~350℃)、E(0~00℃)、J(0~000℃)、B(0~800℃)、N(0~300℃)、Pt100(-200~600℃)、Cu50(-50~150℃)线性输入：-1999~9999 由用户定义测量精度：0.2 级(± 0.2％FS ± 1 个字)；0.3 级（± 0.3％FS ± 1 个字，仅Cu50）注：B 分度号热电偶在0~600℃时可进行测量，但精度无法达到标定精度，在600~800℃可保证测量精度。
软件项目管理--6个重要案例
软件项⽬管理--6个重要案例1.进度管理案例⼀：时间管理⼩张为希赛信息技术有限公司(CSAI) IT主管，最近接到公司总裁的命令，负责开发⼀个电⼦商务平台。
⼩张粗略地估算该项⽬在正常速度下需花费的时间和成本。
由于公司业务发展需要，公司总裁急于启动电⼦商务平台项⽬，因此，要求⼩张准备⼀份关于尽快启动电⼦商务平台项⽬的时间和成本的估算报告。
在第⼀次项⽬团队会议上，项⽬团队确定出了与项⽬相关的任务如下：第⼀项任务是⽐较现有电⼦商务平台，按照正常速度估算完成这项任务需要花10天，成本为15000元。
但是，如果使⽤允许的最多加班⼯作量，则可在7天、18750元的条件下完成。
⼀旦完成⽐较任务，就需要向最⾼层管理层提交项⽬计划和项⽬定义⽂件，以便获得批准。
项⽬团队估算完成这项任务按正常速度为5天，成本3750元，如果赶⼯为3天，成本为4500元。
当项⽬团队获得⾼层批准后，各项⼯作就可以开始了。
项⽬团队估计需求分析为15天，成本45000元，如加班则为10天，成本58500元。
设计完成后，有3项任务必须同时进⾏：①开发电⼦商务平台数据库；②开发和编写实际⽹页代码；③开发和编写电⼦商务平台表格码。
估计数据库的开发在不加班的时候为10天和9000元，加班时可以在7天和11250元的情况下完成。
同样，项⽬团队估算在不加班的情况下，开发和编写⽹页代码需要10天和17500元，加班则可以减少两天，成本为19500元。
开发表格⼯作分包给别的公司，需要7天、成本8400元。
开发表格的公司并没有提供赶⼯多收费的⽅案。
最后，⼀旦数据库开发出来，⽹页和表格编码完毕，整个电⼦商务平台就需要进⾏测试、修改，项⽬团队估算需要3天，成本4500元。
如果加班的话，则可以减少⼀天，成本为6750元。
【问题1】(6分)如果不加班，完成此项⽬的成本是多少？完成这⼀项⽬要花多长时间？【问题2】(6分)项⽬可以完成的最短时间量是多少？在最短时间内完成项⽬的成本是多少？【问题3】(6分)假定⽐较其他电⼦商务平台的任务执⾏需要13天⽽不是原来估算的10天。
CET-6阅读理解题练习与解析（2）
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful？This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John！You'll be late for work again！The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day，rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. When ever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharp hours.1．If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _______.A．he is a lazy personB．he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC．he is not sure when his energy is lowD．he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening2．Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage？A．Unawareness of energy cycles.B．Familiar monologues.C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.3．If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning，he should _______.A．change his energy cycleB．overcome his lazinessC．get up earlier than usualD．go to bed earlier4．You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _______.A．help to keep your energy for the day’s workB．help you to control your temper early in the dayC．enable you to concentrate on your routine workD．keep your energy cycle under control all day5．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？A．Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B．Dr．Kleitman explains why people reach their peak at different hours of day.C．Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D．Children have energy cycles, too.1．根据⽂章第1段可以看出早晨起不来是同⼀个⼈每天的能量周期有关。
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施 工 方 案
项目名称： 烧碱1-6#蒸发器
工程编号： 04-09-50A-159-160-161-162-163-164
编 制：
编制单位：（ ）
编制时间：****4年**月** 日
施工单位： 批 准： 审 核: 建设单位： 批 准：
审 核:
目录
1．编制说明
2．编制依据
3．工程概况
4．施工准备
5．施工组织措施计划
6．施工方法（工艺）
7．资源需求计划
8．施工进度计划
9. 质量检验计划----------------------------------------------------------------
10.检维修施工作业风险评价报告书----------------------------------------
编制说明
填写内容：
1-6#蒸发器是烧碱装置的核心设备之一，是公司控制的重点设备。
它是烧碱装置能否正常开车的关键。
本次施工主要内容是更换蒸发器中部短接上下法兰口垫片。
因此，建修公司电石厂分公司非常重视此检修项目的施工，由制造工程处负责此项目的检修工作。
我工程处将本着“安全第一，质量至上”的指导方针，严格遵守国家标准和规范，进行施工检修。
为了更好的完成本次检修施工任务，特编制此施工方案。
编制依据
填写内容
1、国家法规；
本次施工将严格遵守国家有关法规，
〈中华人民共和国合同法〉
〈中华人民共和国招投标法〉
〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉
2国家现行规范和标准；
本次施工将遵循以下国家现行规范和标准。
《现场设备，工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》GB50236——98
《化工建设起重工程施工及验收规范》HGJ201——83
<<中低压化工设备施工及验收规范>>HGJ209-83
3工程项目质量计划；
本着ISO9000系列标准的要求，做好本次施工质量计划，设备及材料标识准确，合格证书齐全，各工序之间需有工序交接卡，焊接作业需要有焊接工艺卡。
4用户要求；
本次施工将本着用户至上的原则，满足用户提出的要求，为用户服好务。
用户要求：1-6#蒸发器于10月21日试压合格。
工程概况
填写内容：
1.工程情况简介
1-6#蒸发器外形尺寸为φ2800*15885mm，材质HT及不锈
钢，重量18.96吨，介质电解液及蒸汽，工作压力
0.05/0.65Mpa。
本次施工是处理加热室及回流管上方短接
上下法兰口垫片泄漏问题，每台需更换DN800垫片2个，
DN900垫片1个，DN1100垫片1个，拆安DN400蒸汽
管法兰口1个以及DN50—DN150法兰口8个。
2.总体安排
具体安排如下：10月17日设起重工机具；
拆下部U型弯及12个短接；
19日回装下部U型弯及12个短接更换垫片；
系统试压0.45 Mpa合格；
21日撤回工机具。
3．现场情况
1-6#蒸发器位于烧碱蒸发工段主楼中部，主要施工位置在二楼中部。
施工准备
填写内容：
1．技术准备
为了完成本次施工任务，需做如下技术准备：
（1）阅读检修任务书，掌握检修内容。
（2）熟悉施工现场，开始编制施工方案。
（3）向施工单位做技术交底。
2．组织准备
为了完成本次施工任务，需做如下组织准备：
成立烧碱1-6#蒸发器检修领导小组
组长：****
副组长：****
成员：********
3材料准备
根据检修任务书及设备图纸提出了主要材料计划，并报请生产车间批准，由生产车间准备。
辅助材料已准备齐全。
4机具准备
根据施工现场情况，需准备如下工机具：电焊机，手砂轮，手锤，
搬手，水平尺，导链、钢丝绳等。
5施工现场准备
进入施工现场，应对现场周围环境进行清理，便于存放材料和工机具。
施工技术组织措施计划
填写内容：
1、质量要求和保证质量措施；
为了保证施工质量，应做到焊口合格率百分之百，法兰口无泄露，一次开车成功。
其措施是：严格按照焊接工艺组对和焊接钢结构及管线，用以保证焊接质量。
严格按照安装工艺安装设备和管线，用以保证安装质量。
2、质量检验计划；
根据检修任务书要求蒸发器整体试压0.45Mpa，保压30分钟。
3安全消防技术措施；
由于烧碱装置正在开车，整套装置属于易燃易爆，安全工作显得尤为重要，特制定以下措施：
（1）按照施工程序办理好一切必要手续，做到票，
证，书起全。
（2）动火作业时，清理好周围的易燃易爆物质，现
场周围的阴井应及时覆盖。
（3）应及时加堵盲板。
（4）登高作业带安全带，办理好登高作业证。
（5）进入有限空间作业需办理作业证。
（6）严禁从高处向下扔东西。
（7）进入现场必须戴安全帽。
4降低成本技术措施
严格控制材料的使用，严格控制车辆台班。
施工方法（工艺）
填写内容：
1．施工步骤或程序
（1）材料的提取。
（2）运到施工现场。
（3）设备的拆安。
（4）管线的拆安。
（5）设备试压。
2．施工方法和工艺
（1）设起重工机具。
（2）由上到下拆卸每台短接及各个连接管法兰口
DN800 2个，DN900 1个，DN1100 1个，DN400
1个以及DN50—DN150法兰口8个。
（3）气焊切割设备支腿。
（4）更换垫片，连接短接及各个连接管法兰口。
（5）恢复支腿。
（6）整体试压0.45 Mpa，保压30分钟。
（7）撤回工机具。
资源需求计划
填写内容：
1．工机具使用计划
本次施工机具使用包括：导链、钢丝绳、电焊机一台，汽
焊二套，同时准备搬子、手锤、水平仪。
五吨叉车台班2
个。
2．施工措施每台用料计划
螺栓M20*160、220个，螺母M20、220个，螺栓M20*100、32个，M16*60、40个，螺母M16、60个。
3 每台劳动力计划；
本次施工需用管工6名、钳工2名、起重工8名、电焊工1名、汽焊工2名。
施工进度计划
填写内容：进度表
1、17日设起重工机具；
2、17日下午拆下部U型弯及2个短接；
3、19日回装下部U型弯及2个短接更换垫片；
4、20日下午系统试压0.45 Mpa合格；
5、21日撤回工机具。
质量检验计划
1．检验点和项目类别
对起重工机具进行检验。
项目类别：吊装作业。
设备安装进行检验，法兰口进行检验，管线及钢结构焊接进行检验。
2．检验责任人及标准
检验责任人：代军
检验标准：
《现场设备，工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》GB50236——98
《化工建设起重工程施工及验收规范》HGJ201——83
<<中低压化工设备施工及验收规范>>HGJ209-83
检维修施工作业风险评价报告书
施工单位：电石厂分公司维修队
项目类别：设备
负责人：*****
2004年9 月11 日
表1检维修施工作业设施设备完整性及可靠性调查
表2施工作业人员及管理状况调查表
表3危险因素及风险识别评价表消防法
表4 火灾爆炸风险消减与应急处理措施表
表5业主审批意见表。