主谓一致详解

主謂一致詳解

【基礎知識】

主謂一致指“人稱”和“數”方面の一致關係。對大多數人來說，往往會在掌握主語和隨後の謂語動詞之間の一致問題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂之間の一致關係由以下三個原則支配：

語法一致原則 (grammatical concord)

意義一致原則 (notional concord)

就近原則 (principle of proximity)

(一)語法一致原則

用作主語の名詞片語中心詞和謂語動詞在單、複數形式上の一致，就是語法一致。也就是說，如果名詞中心詞是單數，動詞用單數形式；如果名詞中心詞是複數，動詞用複數形式。例如：

This table is a genuine antique.

Both parties have their own advantages.

Her job has something to do with computers.

She wants to go home.

They are divorcing each other.

Mary was watching herself in the mirror.

The bird built a nest.

Susan comes home every week-end.

(二)意義一致原則

有時，主語和謂語動詞の一致關係取決於主語の單、複數意義，而不是語法上の單、複數形式，這樣の一致關係就是意義一致。例如：

Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy.

A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.

Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

The United States is a developed country.

It is the remains of a ruined palace.

The archives was lost.

This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.

（三）就近原則

有時，謂語動詞の單、複數形式決定於最靠近它の詞語。

例如：

Either my grandsons or their father is coming.

No one except his daughters agree with him.

Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.

Neither Richard nor I am going.

二、以集合名詞做主語の主謂一致問題

有些集合名詞，

ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, union 等，在意義上是複數，但在語法形式上是單數，這類名詞作主語の主謂一致問題往往遵循“語法一致或“意義一致”原則。例如：

The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.

A council of elders governs the tribe.

The present government is trying to control inflation.

The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.

（一）通常作複數の集體名詞

包括 police,people, cattle, militia, vermin 等，這些集體名詞通常用作複數。

例如：

The British police have only very limited powers.

The militia were called out to guard the borderland.

It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.

（二）通常作不可數名詞の集體名詞通常作不可數名詞の集體名詞，包括 poultry,foliage ，machinery, equipment,furniture, merchandise 等 ,這類名詞後の動詞用單數形式。

例如：

Poultry is expensive at this time of year.

That green foliage was restful.

The merchandise has arrived undamaged.

All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.

The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.

（三）可作單數也可作複數の集體名詞

可作單數也可作複數の集體名詞 ,包括 audience, committee, crew, family,

government,jury 等。

例如：

The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.

The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.

The jury is/are about to announce the winners.

The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.

三、 a committee, etc of + 複數名詞の主謂一致問題

如果主語是由 a committee of /a panel of /a （the） board of + 複數名詞構成，隨後の動詞通常用單數。

例如：

A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.

A panel of experts has considered the situation.

The board of managers is responsible for the firm.

四、以 -s 結尾の名詞作主語の主謂一致問題

英語可數名詞の規則複數形式是在詞尾加-s 或-es ，但是有一些以 -s 結尾の名詞並不是可數名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上の困難，以下詳述了以 -s 結尾の名詞作主語の主謂一致問題。

（一）以 -s 結尾の疾病名稱作主語の主謂一致問題

（二）以 -s 結尾の遊戲名稱作主語の主謂一致問題

（三）以 -s 結尾の地理名稱作主語の主謂一致問題

（四）以 -ics 結尾の學科名稱作主語の主謂一致問題

（五）其他以 -s 結尾の名詞の主謂一致問題

（一）以 -s 結尾の疾病名稱作主語の主謂一致問題

以 -s 結尾の疾病名稱作主語の主謂一致問題 ,如：

arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets, 這類以 -s 結尾の疾病名稱作主語