类翻译主题词汇

11类翻译主题词汇中国历史四大文明古国之一one of four ancient civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization 源远流长to have a long history 历史悠久with a long history朝代dynasty古都ancient capital随着时间推移as time goes by远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period战国the Warring States封建社会feudal society皇帝emperor君主monarch历史遗留问题a question left over from history/ the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略to resist the invasion 五四运动the May Movement of 1919 在……世纪初at the beginning of …century迄今为止up till now追溯到to date/trace back to来源于to derive/stem from;to originate from /in发祥地birthplace兴起于……，兴盛于……to emerge in…and prosper in …保存最完好的best-preserved原址originated site国家博物馆national museum皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign诸侯国kingdom勤政爱民to be diligent and love one's people退位to give up the throne帝王宫殿imperial palace以……命名to be named after历史人物historic figure阳历solar calendar阴历lunar calendar天干heavenl y stem地支earthly branch闰年leap year中国文化概论重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts文化产业culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异cultural difference独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝national treasure文物cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors中华民族the Chinese nations传统美德traditional virtues文人men of letters雅士refined scholars才子佳人gifted scholars andbeautiful ladies高雅艺术refined/high art中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreignserve China无愧于时代的作品the works worthy of times文明摇篮cradle of civilization古代文明ancient civilization博大精深to be extensive and profound享有……的声誉to enjoy ahigh/good reputation for被誉为to be honored/crownedas占据重要地位to play a significant role;to occupya significant place肩负……的责任to shoulder responsibility of与……密不可分to be closely associated with推广中国文化to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平to promote peace增进友谊to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widelyfrom place/region to place/region;促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩to be rich and colorful风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo尊敬老人to respect the elderly赡养父母to support / take care of parents继承to inherit后人later generation强身健体to improve the physical health;tostrengthen the body益寿延年to prolong life保佑平安to keep sb. safe象征意义symbolic meaning象征好运与祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观taste for beauty品味aesthetic taste中国传统文化中医药traditional Chinese medicine中草药herbal medicine望、闻、问、切observing,listening ,inquiring,pulse taking症状symptom重大发明a significant invention 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study 笔、墨、纸、砚brush ,ink stick,paper,ink stone汉字Chinese character笔划stroke普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting;ink wash painting武术martial arts中国功夫Kong Fu太极Tai Chi孔子Confucius孟子Mencius思想学派school of thought思想核心the core of ideology代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture和尚、僧人monk 寺庙temple伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque宗教religion建筑architecture钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower牌坊memorial archway兵马俑Terracotta Warriors andHorses丝绸之路the Sick Road故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间human world京剧Peking Opera脸谱mask正面角色positive role木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play杂技acrobatics相声crosstalk说、学、逗、唱speaking,imitating,teasing andsinging说书story-telling传统工艺品traditional handicraft形状不一to be of different shapes材质各异various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特characteristic/ unique style刺绣embroidery泥人clay figure瓷器porcelain; china陶器pottery；earthenware青铜器bronze ware雕刻to carve图章seal中国传统节日春节the Spring Festival/ChineseNew Year除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve年夜饭annual reunion dinner拜年to pay a new year call探亲访友to (pay a) visit torelatives and friends亲朋好友relatives and friends大扫除to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away the illfortune;to get rid of bad luck去除灾害to ward off evils发红包to give money in redenvelopes;to hand out redenvelopes欢度…the celebration of…;tocelebrate…春联spring couplets庙会temple fair民间艺人folk artists祭神god-worshiping爆竹firecracker烟火firework(s)年画(traditional) new year picture压岁钱new year’s gift-money元宵节the lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节the Dragon Festival中秋节the Mid-Autumn Day/Festival重阳节the Double-ninth Day七夕节the Double-seventh Day舞龙dragon dance花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle有益的智力活动beneficial intelligent activity中国结Chinese knot舞狮lion dance赛龙舟dragon boat race赏月to enjoy the full moon登高hill climbing扫墓to pay respects to the dead at sb.’s tomb食物及烹饪方法中国菜，中餐Chinese cuisine 烹饪技巧cooking technique煎to fry炒to stir-fry炸to deep-fay烩/焖/炖to stew蒸to steam煮to boil烘焙to bake烤to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎to mine磨碎to grind饮食习惯dietary habit特色食品special food元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed bun包子steamed stuffed bun拉面hand-stretched noodles豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist皮蛋100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原料ingredient猪/牛肉丸pork/beef ball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck素菜馆vegetarian restaurant白酒Chinese liquor旅游交通景点tourist attraction; scenic spot 名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery人文景观human landscape壮丽山河magnificent scenery古典山水林园classical landscapegarden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home andabroad游乐园amusement park度假to take a vacation; to go onholiday门票(entrance) ticket免费景区电子门票free sighting e-coupon星级酒店star-rated hotel高峰期rush hour人山人海overcrowded人满为患to be packed withovercrowded people翻山越岭to climb hills andmountains受到……的热烈欢迎to bewarmly welcomed by …丰富知识to enrich one’sknowledge开阔视野to broaden one’shorizon扩大知识面to enlarge one’sscope of knowledge培养独立性to cultivateindependence运输工具means of transportation公共交通public transport地铁站subway station候车室waiting room扣分处罚point penalty酒驾drunk driving终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving护照passport签证有效期validity of visa散客individual visitor团体游客group visitor地理环境位于to be located in/at西部地区western regions省会province capital水域面积water area三面环水to be surrounded by mountains onthree sides全长……公里to stretch for…km/kilometer面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look高原plateau山峰peak淡水湖freshwater lake沿海港口coastal port植物园botanical garden气候climate环境保护environmental protection提高全民意识raiseenvironmental awareness amongthe general public环保产品environmental-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to developerenewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry可持续发展sustainabledevelopment生态环境the ecologicalenvironment温室效应greenhouse effect污染物pollutant水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinct ofbio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution碳减排carbon emission reduction 温室气体排放greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car废气exhaust gas汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car能源消耗depletion of energy能源危机energy crisis回收利用to recycle低碳城市化道路way tolow-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临没绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss濒危物种endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate 改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe;tragedy;disaster 不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty死亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought商业经济商界business communities互惠互利mutual benefits共同繁荣common prosperity总需求aggrate /total demand总供给aggrate supply 供过于求supply exceeding demand扩大内需to expand domestic demand购买力purchasing power财政预算financial budget经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization区域性自由贸易区regional free trade area经济特区special economic zone计划经济planned economy市场经济market economy市场调节market regulation市场多元化market diversification推动经贸合作to boost economic and tradecooperation耐用消费品durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion团购group buying垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力，生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown金融组织financial institution商业信誉commercial reputation管理机制management mechanism国有企业stated-ownedenterprises(SOEs)集体企业collected-owned(partnership)enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业private-run businesses中小企业small andmedium-sized enterprises民间资本private capital民间投资private investment泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济the real economy外汇储备充足sufficient foreignexchange reserve国内/国际贸易domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平贸易unfair competition海关customs关税customs duty水货，走私货smuggled goods产品质量product quality高度评价to speak highly of物美价廉competitive price andsuperior quality销量，销售额sales存货，库存量stocks改善服务to improve services延长保修期to extend maintenance制造商，制造厂manufacturer原材料raw material样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量annual output劳动力密集型产业laborintensive industry知识密集型产业knowledgeintensive industry工作歧视discrimination in workworkplace高消耗、高投入high consumption;high investment沿袭……模式to continue withthe model of…住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan分期付款to pay by installment信贷紧缩credit squeeze取钱to withdraw money利率interest rate找工作to hunt for jobs;job-hunting招聘广告the wan advertisements 职位position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信appliance letter工作简历job resume; CV填写申请表to fill in/out the appliance form接受职位to accept/take the post 接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job prospects就业机会job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴allowance带薪假paid vacation伤残保险disability insurance失业保险unemployment insurance培训咨询training consultancy专业技能professional work脑力劳动mental work体力劳动labor/physical work手工劳动manual labor/work工作时间working time加班overtime夜班night shift零工odd job证券securities汇率exchange rate股票stock资产assets利润profit教育普及教育universal education高等教育higher education象牙塔ivory tower 正规院校regular universities and colleges军校military academy九年义务教育nine-yearcompulsory education学前教育preschool education失学儿童dropout文盲illiteracy;illiterate受过良好的教育well-educated入学率enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment ratefor children of school age高考(university/college)entranceexamination考研to take the entrance examsfor postgraduate schools读研to attend graduate school毕业典礼commencement/graduationceremony毕业鉴定graduation appraisal毕业论文 a graduationdissertation/thesis/paper毕业实习graduation field work;to get out oninternships授予学位to confer an academicdegree on sb.博士学位doctor’s degree硕士学位master’s degree学士学位bachelor’s degree在职博士生on-job doctorate研究生毕业/学位graduate diploma/graduatedegree’s diploma中专生secondary specialized or technicalschool student在校大学生undergraduate中小学elementary/primary andmiddle/secondary schools（大学）扩招scale expansion扩大招生人数to enlarge schoolenrollment/recruits走读生extern;non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课compulsory/required course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course专业知识specialized knowledge开设课程to offer course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program;syllabus学分制credit system补考make-up examination学年school year师资力量teaching faculty应试教育exam-oriented education(system)推进素质教育to push ahead witheducation for all-arounddevelopment基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment andvocation guidance竞争激烈fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拔官员/人才to selectofficials/talents海外留学生overseasstudents;international students科技信息时代information age信息爆炸information explosion高科技产品high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机smart /intelligent phone创新innovation核心科技core technology电讯telecommunication硬件hardware软件software搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息instant message视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission 在线社区online community社交模式social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet 网民netizens活跃用户active user对……上瘾to be/get addicted to 计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物online shopping电子商务e-commerce消费理念consumption concept 大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector社会生活计划生育family planning基本国策a basic national/state policy制定政策to make policy（政策）生效、开始实施to come into effect/force几世同堂的家庭a family consisting of several generations 晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures行政管理administrative management违反规定to violate a rule/regulation居委会Community Association挂失to report the loss补办tore-apply/re-register/post-register户籍household registration居住证residence permit少数民族ethnic minority过快增长excessive growth急剧下降to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布populationbase/density/distribution人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质qualify of population人口老龄化aging of population老龄化社会aging society城镇化urbanization高楼大厦high-rise/tall/high building小康社会well-off family贫困家庭poor family和睦相处to live inpeace/harmony中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinesecharacteristics推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy ofsustainable development物质文明material civilization精神文明spiritual civilization为人民服务to service the people坚持……的方针to adhere to the principle of…社会保障social security养老保险retirement insurance医疗保险medical insurance弱势群体disadvantaged group单亲single parent关心老龄人to care for seniorcitizens社会背景social background福利welfare福利彩票welfare lotteries医疗服务medical service基础设施建设infrastructure construction缩短差距to bridge/narrow the gap满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs社会效益social benefit健康管理health management应运而生to appear accordingly;to emerge asrequired/needed普通市民ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业home service industry建筑工地construction site农产品agricultural product爱情告白to express one’s love性骚扰sexual harassment贫富分化disparity between therich and the poor网络造谣to fabricate online rumors恶意侵害他人的名誉to harmthe reputation of others maliciously娱乐资讯entertainment information在线娱乐online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯brief news获取信息to obtain information收视率audience rating。