AP Physics C Mechanics Practice Tests
AP Physics C Practice Multiple Choice Ch10
10.4.1. Which one of the following equations is only valid when the angular measure is expressed in radians?
a) 2 02 2
b)
1 2
t
2
0t
c) vT
r
d)
t
e)
t
10.2.4. The hand on a certain stopwatch makes one complete revolution every three seconds. Express the magnitude of the angular velocity of this hand in radians per second.
d) Since the radian is a unitless quantity, the number of radians of angular displacement plays no role in the calculation.
e) The result of the calculation will always have the radian among the units.
a) 0 t
d) Since the radian is a unitless quantity, the number of radians of angular displacement plays no role in the calculation.
e) The result of the calculation will always have the radian among the units.
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C2000
AP® Physics C2000 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students t o college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major pr ograms and services incollege admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SA T®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commit ment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by t he College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.(2000 M1) You are conducting an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity g u at an unknown location. In the measurement apparatus, a simple pendulum swings past a photogate located at the pendulum's lowest point, which records the time t10 for the pendulum to undergo 10 full oscillations. The pendulum consists of a sphere of mass m at the end of a string and has a length l. There are four versions of this apparatus, each with a different length. All four are at the unknown location, and the data shown below are sent to you during the experiment.a.figures. Enter these results in the table above.b. On the axes below, plot the square of the period versus the length of the pendulum. Draw a best-fit straight lineAssuming that each pendulum undergoes small amplitude oscillations, from your fit determine the experimental value g exp of the acceleration due to gravity at this unknown location. Justify your answer.d. If the measurement apparatus allows a determination of g exp that is accurate to within 4%, is your experimentalvalue in agreement with the value 9.80 m/s2 ? Justify your answer.e. Someone informs you that the experimental apparatus is in fact near Earth's surface, but that the experiment hasbeen conducted inside an elevator with a constant acceleration a. Assuming that your experimental value g is exact, determine the magnitude and direction of the elevator's acceleration.2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistive force caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a constant drag coefficient and v is the instantaneous speed of the ball. The drag coefficient b is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.a. On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some instant before it reaches terminal speed.b. State whether the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the sameas the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.c. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, thegiven quantities, and fundamental constants.d. Determine the terminal speed v t in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.e. Determine the energy dissipated by the drag force during the fall if the ball is released at height h and reachesits terminal speed before hitting the ground, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.2000M3. A pulley of radius R1and rotational inertia I1 is mounted on an axle with negligible friction. A light cord passing over the pulley has two blocks of mass m attached to either end, as shown above. Assume that the cord does not slip on the pulley. Determine the answers to parts (a) and (b) in terms of m, R1, I1, and fundamental constants.a. Determine the tension T in the cord.b. One block is now removed from the right and hung on the left. When the system is released from rest, the threeblocks on the left accelerate downward with an acceleration g/3 . Determine the following.i. The tension T3 in the section of cord supporting the three blocks on the leftii. The tension T l in the section of cord supporting the single block on the rightiii. The rotational inertia I1of the pulleyc. The blocks are now removed and the cord is tied into a loop, which is passed around the original pulley and asecond pulley of radius 2R1 and rotational inertia 16I1. The axis of the original pulley is attached to a motor that rotates it at angular speed ω1, which in turn causes the larger pulley to rotate. The loop does not slip on the pulleys. Determine the following in terms of I1, R I, and ω1.i. The angular speed ω2of the larger pulleyii. The angular momentum L2 of the larger pulleyiii. The total kinetic energy of the system2000E1. Lightbulbs A, B, and C are connected in the circuit shown above.a. List the bulbs in order of their brightness, from brightest to least bright. If any bulbs have the same brightness,state which ones. Justify your answer.Now a switch S and a 5.0 mH inductor are added to the circuit; as shown above. The switch is closed at time t = 0.b. Determine the currents I A, I B, and I C for the following times.i. Immediately after the switch is closedii. A long time after the switch is closedc. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference V L across the inductor as a function of time,from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.d. Now consider a similar circuit with an uncharged 5.0 F capacitor instead of the inductor, as shown above. Theswitch is again closed at time t = 0. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference V cap across the capacitor as a function of time, from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.2000E2. Three particles, A, B, and C, have equal positive charges Q and are held in place at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of length l, as shown in the figures below. The dotted lines represent the bisectors for each side. The base of the triangle lies on the x-axis, and the altitude of the triangle lies on the y-axis.a.i. Point P1, the intersection of the three bisectors, locates the geometric center of the triangle and is one pointwhere the electric field is zero. On Figure 1 above, draw the electric field vectors E A, E B, and E C at P, due to each of the three charges. Be sure your arrows are drawn to reflect the relative magnitude of the fields.ii. Another point where the electric field is zero is point P2 at (0, y2). On Figure 2 above, draw electric field vectors E A, E B, and E C at P2 due to each of the three point charges. Indicate below whether the magnitudeb. Explain why the x-component of the total electric field is zero at any point on the y-axis.c. Write a general expression for the electric potential V at any point on the y-axis inside the triangle in terms of Q,l, and y.d. Describe how the answer to part (c) could be used to determine the y-coordinates of points P1 and P2 at whichthe electric field is zero. (You do not need to actually determine these coordinates.)2000E3. A capacitor consists of two conducting, coaxial, cylindrical shells of radius a and b, respectively, and length L >> b. The space between the cylinders is filled with oil that has a dielectric constant κ. Initially bothcylinders are uncharged, but then a battery is used to charge the capacitor, leaving a charge +Q on the inner cylinder and -Q on the outer cylinder, as shown above. Let r be the radial distance from the axis of the capacitor.a. Using Gauss's law, determine the electric field midway along the length of the cylinder for the following valuesof r, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants. Assume end effects are negligible.i. a < r < bii. b < r << Lb. Determine the following in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.i. The potential difference across the capacitorii. The capacitance of this capacitorc. Now the capacitor is discharged and the oil is drained from it. As shown above, a battery of emf εis connectedto opposite ends of the inner cylinder and a battery of emf 3εis connected to opposite ends of the outer cylinder.Each cylinder has resistance R. Assume that end effects and the contributions to the magnetic field from the wires are negligible. Using Ampere's law, determine the magnitude B of the magnetic field midway along the length of the cylinders due to the current in the cylinders for the following values of r.i. a < r < bii. b <r << L。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C1994
AP® Physics C1994 Free response QuestionsThe materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials, electronically or otherwise. These materials and any copies made of them may not be resold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational TestingService.1994M1. A 2-kilogram block and an 8-kilogram block are both attached to an ideal spring ( for which k = 200 N/m) and both are initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface, as shown in the diagram above. In an initial experiment, a 100-gram (0.1 kg) ball of clay is thrown at the 2-kilogram block. The clay is moving horizontally with speed v when it hits and sticks to the block. The 8-kilogram block is held still by a removable stop. As a result, the spring compresses a maximum distance of 0.4 meters.a. Calculate the energy stored in the spring at maximum compression.b. Calculate the speed of the clay ball and 2-kilogram block immediately after the clay sticks to theblock but before the spring compresses significantly.c. Calculate the initial speed v of the clay.In a second experiment, an identical ball of clay is thrown at another identical 2-kilogram block, but this time the stop is removed so that the 8-kilogram block is free to move.d. State whether the maximum compression of the spring will be greater than, equal to, or less than 0.4meter. Explain briefly.e. State the principle or principles that can be used to calculate the velocity of the 8-kilogram block atthe instant that the spring regains its original length. Write the appropriate equation(s) and show the numerical substitutions, but do not solve for the velocity.1994M2. A large sphere rolls without slipping across a horizontal surface. The sphere has a constant translational speed of 10 meters per second, a mass m of 25 kilograms, and a radius r of 0.2 meter. The moment of inertia of the sphere about its center of mass is I = 2mr2/5. The sphere approaches a 25° incline of height 3 meters as shown above and rolls up the incline without slipping.a. Calculate the total kinetic energy of the sphere as it rolls along the horizontal surface.b. i. Calculate the magnitude of the sphere's velocity just as it leaves the top of the incline.ii. Specify the direction of the sphere's velocity just as it leaves the top of the incline.c. Neglecting air resistance, calculate the horizontal distance from the point where the sphere leaves theincline to the point where the sphere strikes the level surface.d. Suppose, instead, that the sphere were to roll toward the incline as stated above, but the incline werefrictionless. State whether the speed of the sphere just as it leaves the top of the incline would be less than, equal to, or greater than the speed calculated in (b). Explain briefly.1994M3. A satellite of mass m is in an elliptical orbit around the Earth, which has mass M e and radius R e. The orbit varies from closest approach of a at point A to maximum distance of b from the center of the Earth at point B. At point A, the speed of the satellite is v o Assume that the gravitational potential energy U g = 0 when masses are an infinite distance apart. Express your answers in terms of a, b, m, M e, R e, v o, and G.a. Write the appropriate definite integral, including limits, that can be evaluated to show that thepotential energy of the satellite when it is a distance r from the center of the Earth is given byU g = -GM e mrb. Determine the total energy of the satellite when it is at point A.c. What is the magnitude of the angular momentum of the satellite about the center of the Earth when itis at point A?d. Determine the velocity of the satellite as it passes point B in its orbit.As the satellite passes point A, a rocket engine on the satellite is fired so that its orbit is changed to a circular orbit of radius a about the center of the Earth.e. Determine the speed of the satellite for this circular orbit.f. Determine the work done by the rocket engine to effect this change.1994E1. A thin nonconducting rod that carries a uniform charge per unit length of λ is bent into a circle of radius R.as shown above. Express your answers in terms of λ, R. and fundamental constants.a. Determine the electric potential V at the center C of the circle.b. Determine the magnitude E of the electric field at the center C of the circle.Another thin nonconducting rod that carries the same uniform charge per unit length λ is bent into an arc of a circle of radius R.which subtends an angle of 2θ, as shown above. Express your answers in terms of λand the quantities given above.c. Determine the total charge on the rod.d. Determine the electric potential V at the center of curvature C of the arc.e. Determine the magnitude E of the electric field at the center of curvature C of the arc. Indicate thedirection of the electric field on the diagram above.1994E2. One of the space shuttle missions attempted to perform an experiment in orbit using a tethered satellite. The satellite was to be released and allowed to rise to a height of 20 kilometers above the shuttle. The tether was a 20-kilometer copper-core wire, thin and light, but extremely strong. The shuttle was in an orbit with speed 7,600 meters per second, which carried it through a region where the magnetic field of the Earth had a magnitude of 3.3 x 10-5 tesla. For your calculations, assume that the experiment was completed successfully, that the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field, and that the field is uniform. a. An emf is generated in the tether.i. Which end of the tether is negative?ii. Calculate the magnitude of the emf generated.To complete the circuit, electrons are sprayed from the object at the negative end of the tether into the ionosphere and other electrons come from the ionosphere to the object at the positive end.b. If the resistance of the entire circuit is about 10,000 ohms, calculate the current that flows in thetether.c. A magnetic force acts on the wire as soon as the current begins to flow.i. Calculate the magnitude of the force.ii. State the direction of the force.d. By how much would the shuttle's orbital energy change if the current remains constant at the valuecalculated in (b) for a period of 7 days in orbit?e. Imagine that the astronauts forced a current to flow the other way. What effect would that have, ifany, on the orbit of the shuttle? Explain briefly.1994E3. A long coaxial cable, a section of which is shown above, consists of a solid cylindrical conductor of radius a, surrounded by a hollow coaxial conductor of inner radius b and outer radius c. The two conductors each carry a uniformly distributed current I, but in opposite directions. The current is to the right in the outer cylinder and to the left in the inner cylinder. Assume μ = μo for all materials in this problem. a. Use Ampere's law to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance r from the axis ofthe cable in each of the following cases.i. 0 < r < a ii. a < r < bb. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance r = 2c from the axis of the cable?c. On the axes below, sketch the graph of the magnitude of the magnetic field B as a function of r, forall values of r. You should estimate and draw a reasonable graph for the field between b and c rather than attempting to determine an exact expression for the field in this region.The coaxial cable continues to carry currents I as previously described. In the cross section above, current is directed out of the page toward the reader in the inner cylinder and into the page in the outer cylinder. Point P is located between the inner and outer cylinders, a distance r from the center. A small positive charge q is introduced into the space between the conductors so that when it is at point P its velocity v is directed out of the page, perpendicular to it, and parallel to the axis of the cable.d. i. Determine the magnitude of the force on the charge q at point P in terms of the given quantities.ii. Draw an arrow on the diagram at P to indicate the direction of the force.e. If the current in the outer cylinder were reversed so that it is directed out of the page, how wouldyour answers to (d) change, if at all?。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C1976
AP® Physics C1976 Free Response QuestionsThe materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials, electronically or otherwise. These materials and any copies made of them may not be resold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, thePSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.1976M1. A small block of mass m slides on a horizontal frictionless surface as it travels around the inside of a hoop of radius R. The coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is μ; therefore, the speed v of the block decreases. In terms of m, R. μ, and v, find expressions for each of the following.a. The frictional force on the blockb. The block's tangential acceleration dv/dtc. The time required to reduce the speed of the block from an initial value v0 to v o/31976M2. A cloth tape is wound around the outside of a uniform solid cylinder (mass M, radius R) and fastened to the ceiling as shown in the diagram above. The cylinder is held with the tape vertical and then released from rest. As the cylinder descends, it unwinds from the tape without slipping. The moment of inertia of a uniform solid cylinder about its center is ½MR2.a. On the circle below draw vectors showing all the forces acting on the cylinder after it is released. Labeleach force clearly.b. In terms of g, find the downward acceleration of the center of the cylinder as it unrolls from the tape.c. While descending, does the center of the cylinder move toward the left, toward the right, or straightdown? Explain.1976M3. A bullet of mass m and velocity v o is fired toward a block of thickness L o and mass M. The block is initially at rest on a frictionless surface. The bullet emerges from the block with velocity v o/3.a. Determine the final speed of block M.b. If, instead, the block is held fixed and not allowed to slide, the bullet emerges from the block with aspeed v o/2. Determine the loss of kinetic energy of the bulletc. Assume that the retarding force that the block material exerts on the bullet is constant. In terms ofL o, what minimum thickness L should a fixed block of similar material have in order to stop the bullet?d. When the block is held fixed, the bullet emerges from the block with a greater speed than when theblock is free to move. Explain.1976E1. A solid metal sphere of radius R has charge +2Q. A hollow spherical shell of radius 3R placed concentric with the first sphere has net charge -Q.a. On the diagram below, make a sketch of the electric field lines inside and outside the spheres.b. Use Gauss's law to find an expression for the magnitude of the electric field between the spheres at adistance r from the center of the inner sphere (R < r < 3R).c. Calculate the potential difference between the two spheres.d. What would be the final distribution of the charge if the spheres were joined by a conducting wire?1976E2. A conducting bar of mass M slides without friction down two vertical conducting rails which are separated by a distance L and are joined at the top through an unknown resistance R. The bar maintains electrical contact with the rails at all times. There is a uniform magnetic field B, directed into the page as shown above. The bar is observed to fall with a constant terminal speed v0.a. On the diagram below, draw and label all the forces acting on the bar.b. Determine the magnitude of the induced current I in the bar as it falls with constant speed v0 interms of B, L, g, v0, and M.c. Determine the voltage induced in the bar in terms of B, L, g, v0, and M.d. Determine the resistance R in terms of B, L, g, v0, and M.1976E3. An ion of mass m and charge of known magnitude q is observed to move in a straight line through a region of space in which a uniform magnetic field B points out of the paper and a uniform electric field E points toward the top edge of the paper, as shown in region I above. The particle travels into region II in which the same magnetic field is present, but the electric field is zero. In region II the ion moves in a circular path of radius R as shown.a. Indicate on the diagram below the direction of the force on the ion at point P2, in region II.b. Is the ion positively or negatively charged? Explain clearly the reasoning on which you base yourconclusion.c. Indicate and label on the diagram below the forces which act on the ion at point P1 in region I.P1d. Find an expression for the ion’s speed v at point P1 in terms of E and B.e. Starting with Newton’s law, derive an expression for the mass m of the ion in terms of B, E, q, and R.。
【AP物理C】【真题】2001年力学解答题答案
a
=
∆υ ∆t
=
−0.4 m 0.04 s
s
For correct substitution of values in the above equation
a = −10 m s2
For showing deceleration (e.g., with a minus sign)
Distribution of Points 1 point
Program® (AP®), and Pacesetter®. The College Board is committed to the principles of equity and excellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.
Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.
allocation of points for these solutions. Other methods of solution also receive appropriate credit for correct work. 2. Generally, double penalty for errors is avoided. For example, if an incorrect answer to part (a) is correctly substituted into an otherwise correct solution to part (b), full credit will usually be awarded. 3. An exception to this may be cases when the numerical answer to a later part should be easily recognized as wrong, e.g., a speed faster than the speed of light in vacuum. 4. Implicit statements of concepts normally receive credit. For example, if use of the equation expressing a particular concept is worth one point, and a solution contains the application of the equation to the problem but does not separately list the basic equation, the point is still awarded.
美国大学先修(AP)物理课程分析
收 稿 日期 ：２０１７－０９—０５ 基 金项 目 ：２０１６年 度 教 育 部 在 线 教 育 研究 中 心在 线 教 育 研 究 基 金 （全 通 教 育 ）薰 点 项 目（项 目批 准 号 ：２０１６ＺＤ３１２）。 作 者简 介 ：瞿 林 云 ，女 ，硕 士 研 究 生 ，科 学 与 技术 教 育专 业 ，研 究 方 向为 物 理 教 学 、科 学 教 育 ，ｑｕｌｉｎｙｕｎ＠ １２６．ｃｏｍ；缪 可可 ，男 ，高 等 教育 出版 社 物理 分 社 分 社长 ，ｍｉａｏｋｋ＠ｈｅｐ．ｃｏｍ．ｏｎ；赵 馨 蕊 ，女 ，硕 士研 究 生 ，课 程 与 教 学论 （物 理方 向）专业 ，研 究方 向 为 物理 教 学 ，１７８６９０５９２３＠ ｑｑ．ｃｏｒｕ。 通 讯 作 者 ：周 雨 青 ，男 ，教 授 ，教育 部 大学 物 理 课 程 教 学 指 导 委 员 会 华 东 地 区 工 作 委 员 会 主 任 ，中 国大 学 先 修 课 试 点 项 目物理 专 家委 员 会 专 家 ，ｚｈｏｕ—ｙｕｑｉｎｇ＠ ２６３．ｎｅｔ。 引 文格 式 ：瞿 林 云 ，缪 可 可 ，赵 馨 蕊 ，等 ．美 国大 学 先 修 （ＡＰ）物 理 课 程 分 析 ［Ｊ３．物 理 与工 程 ，２０１８，２８（１）：３５—４５．
物 理 与 工 程 Ｖｏ１．２８ Ｎｏ．１ ２０１８
ＡＰ物理 课 程 由美 国大 学 理 事 会 下 设 的 ＡＰ 物理课 程 发 展 委 员会 直 接 管 理 。ＡＰ物 理 发展 委 员 由 优 秀 的 大 学 物 理 教 师 和 ＡＰ 物 理 教 师 组 成 ． 它 的主要 任 务 是 根 据 大 学 提 供 的 信 息 ，来 确 保 课 程 的 内容符 合 当前 物 理 学 的发 展 趋 势 。此 外 ，ＡＰ 物 理开 课学 校 的 资格 审 核 工 作 ，也 在 大学 和 中 学 的共 同参 与 下 进 行 。一般 而 言 ，申请 开 设 ＡＰ物 理 课 程 的 学 校 必 须 提 交 课 程 审 核 表 和 教 学 大 纲 ， 供 大学 物理 教 师审查 。课 程 审核 表 用 于 阐述 学 校 对 课 程 的 理 解 、审 查 教 学 资 源 的 配 置 ，由 ＡＰ 物 理 教 师 和校长 （或 指定 管理 员 ）提 交 。教 学 大纲 用 于 说 明教 学 过 程 如 何 满 足 课 程 大 纲 的 要 求 ，由 ＡＰ 物 理教 师制 定并 提交 ］。中学 与 大 学 的合 作 式 管 理 保 证 了 ＡＰ物 理 课 程 既 能 体 现 大 学 课 程 的 特 点 ，又在学 生 的可接 受能 力范 围 之 内。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C1973
AP® Physics C1973 Free Response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, thePSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.1973M1. A horizontal force F is applied to a small block of mass m1 to make it slide along the top of a larger block of mass m2 and length l. The coefficient of friction between the blocks is μ. The larger block slides without friction along a horizontal surface. The blocks start from rest with the small block at one end of the larger block, as shown.a. On the diagrams below draw all of the forces acting on each block. Identify each force.b. Find the acceleration of each block. a1 and a2, relative to the horizontal surface.c. In terms of 1, a1, and a2, find the time t needed for the small block to slide off the endof the larger block.d. Find an expression for the energy dissipated as heat because of the friction betweenthe two blocks.1973M2. A 30-gram bullet is fired with a speed of 500 meters per second into a wall.a. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, calculate theforce on the bullet while it is stopping.b. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, how muchtime is required for the bullet to stop?c. Suppose, instead, that the stopping force increases from zero as the bullet penetrates. Discuss themotion in comparison to the case for a constant deceleration.1973M3. A ball of mass m is attached by two strings to a vertical rod. as shown above. The entire system rotates at constant angular velocity ω about the axis of the rod.a. Assuming ω is large enough to keep both strings taut, find the force each string exerts onthe ball in terms of ω, m, g, R, and θ.b. Find the minimum angular velocity, ωmin for which the lower string barely remains taut.1973E1. The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor are pulled apart very slowly by a force F. Each plate has charge q and area A. Assume that edge effects are negligible, i.e., the spacing x is much smaller than the plate dimensions.a. Determine the change in capacitance as x is increased by dxb. Determine the change of stored energy in the capacitor as x is increased by dxc. How is the force F related to the change in stored energy ? Determine F in terms of x, q,and A.1973E2. A surveyor attempts to use a compass below a power line carrying a steady currentof 103 amperes. The compass Is 6.0 meters directly below the wire.a. If the horizontal component of the Earth’s field is 0.10 gauss, could the power linedisturb the compass reading? Give a quantitative argument.b. Suppose, instead, the current were 103 amperes of 60 cycles per second alternatingcurrent. Would the compass reading be disturbed? Explain your answerqualitatively in terms of the properties of the compass.1973E3. In a uniform magnetic field B directed vertically downward. a metal bar of mass m is released from rest and slides without friction down a track inclined at an angle , as shown above. The electrical resistance of the bar between its two points of contact with the track is R: the track has negligible resistance. The width of the track is l.a. Show on the diagram the direction of the current in the sliding bar.b. Denoting by v the instantaneous speed with which the bar is sliding down the incline,determine an expression for the magnitude of the current in the bar.c. Determine an expression for the force exerted on the bar by the magnetic field.d. Determine an expression for the terminal velocity of the sliding bar.。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题2008力学
AP® Physic s C: Mechan ics2008 Free-Respon se Questi onsThe Colleg e Board: Connec tingStuden ts to Colleg e Succes sThe Colleg e Boardis a not-for-profit member shipassoci ation whosemissio n is to connec t studen ts to colleg e succes s andopport unity. Founde d in 1900, the associ ation is compos ed of more than 5,000 school s, colleg es, univer sitie s, and othereducat ional organi zatio ns. Each year, the Colleg e Boardserves sevenmillio n studen ts and theirparent s, 23,000 high school s, and 3,500 colleg es throug h majorprogra ms and servic es in colleg e admiss ions, guidan ce, assess ment, financ ial aid, enroll ment, and teachi ng andlearni ng. Amongits best-knownprogra ms are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanc ed Placem ent Progra m® (AP®). The Colleg e Boardis commit ted to the princi plesof excell enceand equity, and that commit mentis embodi ed in all of its progra ms, servic es, activi ties, and concer ns.© 2008 The Colleg e Board. All rights reserv ed. Colleg e Board, Advanc ed Placem ent Progra m, AP, AP Centra l, SAT, and the acornlogo are regist eredtradem arksof the Colleg e Board. PSAT/NMSQTis a regist eredtradem ark of the Colleg e Boardand Nation al MeritSchola rship Corpor ation.Permis sionto use copyri ghted Colleg e Boardmateri als may be reques ted online at:www.colleg eboar /inquir y/cbperm it.html.Visitthe Colleg e Boardon the Web: www.colleg eboar .AP Centra l is the offici al online home for the AP Progra m: apcent ral.colleg eboar .PHYSI C S C: MECHA N ICSSECTI O N IITime -45 minut e s3 Quest i onsDirec t ions : Answe r all three quest i ons. The sugge s ted time is about 15 minut e s for answe r ing each of the quest i ons, which are worth 15 point s each. The parts withi n a quest i on may not have equal weigh t . Show all your work in the pink bookl e t in the space s provi d ed after each part , NOT in this green inser t.2008M 1. A skier of mass M is skiin g down a frict i onle s s hill that makes an angle θ with the horiz o ntal , as shown in the diagr a m. The skier start s from rest at time t = 0 and is subje c t to a veloc i ty-depen d ent drag force du e to air resis t ance of the form F = –bv, where v is the veloc i ty of the skier and b is a posit i ve const a nt. Expre s s all algeb r aic answe r s in terms of M, b, θ, and funda m enta l const a nts.(a) On the dot below that repre s ents the skier , draw a free -body diagr a m indic a ting and label i ng all of the force s that act on the skier while the skier desce n ds the hill.(b) Write a diffe r enti a l equat i on that can be used to solve for the veloc i ty of the skier as a funct i on oftime.(c) Deter m ine an expre s sion for the termi n al veloc i ty v T of the skier .(d) Solve the diffe r enti a l equat i on in part (b) to deter m ine the veloc i ty of the skier as a funct i on of time, showi n g all your steps .(e) On the axes below , sketc h a graph of the accel e rati o n a of the skier as a funct i on of time t, and indic a te the initi a l value of a. Take downh i ll as posit i ve.taO2008M2. The horizo ntalunifor m rod shownabovehas length 0.60 m and mass 2.0 kg. The left end of the rod is attach ed to a vertic al suppor t by a fricti onles s hingethat allows the rod to swingup or down. The rightend of th e rod is suppor ted by a cord that makesan angleof 30° with the rod. A spring scaleof neglig iblemass measur es the tensio n in the cord. A 0.50 kg blockis also attach ed to the rightend of the rod.(a) On the diagra m below, draw and labelvector s to repres ent all the forces acting on the rod. Show each forcevector origin ating at its pointof applic ation.(b)Calcul ate the readin g on the spring scale.The rotati onalinerti a of a rod aboutits center is 1ML2, whereM is the mass of the rod and L is its length.12Calcul ate the rotati onalinerti a of the rod-blocksystem aboutthe hinge.(d)If the cord that suppor ts the rod is cut near the end of the rod, calcul ate the initia l angula r accele ratio n of th erod-blocksystem aboutthe hinge.2008M3. In an experi mentto determ ine the spring consta n t of an elasti c cord of length 0.60 m, a studen t hangsthe cord from a rod as repres ented aboveand then attach es a variet y of weight s to the cord. For each weight, the studen t allows the weight to hang in equili brium and then measur es the entire length of the cord. The data are record ed in the tablebelow:(a)Use the data to plot a graphof weight versus length on the axes below. Sketch a best-fit straig ht line throug hthe data.(b) Use the best-fit line you sketch ed in part (a) to determ ine an experi menta l valuefor the spring consta nt k ofthe cord.The studen t now attach es an object of unknow n mass m to the cord and holdsthe object adjace nt to the pointat whichthe top of the cord is tied to the rod, as repres ented above. When the object is releas ed from rest, it falls1.5 m before stoppi ng and turnin g around. Assume that air resist anceis neglig ible.(c)Calcul ate the valueof the unknow n mass m of the object.(d)i. Calcul ate how far down the object has fallen at the moment it attain s its maximu m speed.ii.Explai n why this is the pointat whichthe object has its maximu m speed.iii.Calcul ate the maximu m speedof the object.。
2013 ap physics c 力学 scoring guidelines答案及解析
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AP物理C力学模拟卷MultipleChoiceQuestions
AP物理C⼒学模拟卷MultipleChoiceQuestionsMultiple Choice QuestionsTime: 45 minutes. You may refer to the Constants sheet. However, you may not use the Equations sheet, and you may not use a calculator on this portion of the exam.1. A cannon is mounted on a truck that moves forward at a speed of 5m/s. The operator wants to launch a ball from a cannon so the ball goes as far as possible before hitting the level surface. The muzzle velocity of the cannon is 50 m/s. What angle from the horizontal should the operator point the cannon?A.5°B.41°C.45°D.49°E.85°2. A car moving with speed v reaches the foot of an incline of angleθ. The car coasts up the incline without using the engine.Neglecting friction and air resistance, which of the following is correct about the magnitude of the car's horizontal acceleration aand vertical acceleration a y?xA.a x = 0; a y < gB.a x = 0; a y = gC.a x < g ; a y < gD.a x < g ; a y = gE.a x < g ; a y > g3. A bicycle slows down with an acceleration whose magnitude increaseslinearly with time. Which of the following velocity–time graphs could represent the motion of the bicycle?4. A cart is sliding down a low friction incline. A device on the cartlaunches a ball, forcing the ball perpendicular to the incline, as shown above. Air resistance is negligible. Where will the ball land relative to the cart, and why?A.The ball will land in front of the cart, because the ball'sacceleration component parallel to the plane is greater thanthe cart's acceleration component parallel to the plane.B.The ball will land in front of the cart, because the ball hasa greater magnitude of acceleration than the cart.C.The ball will land in the cart, because both the ball and thecart have the same component of acceleration parallel to theplane.D.The ball will land in the cart, because both the ball and thecart have the same magnitude of acceleration.E.The ball will land behind the cart, because the ball slowsdown in the horizontal direction after it leaves the cart.5.The quantity "jerk," j, is defined as the time derivative of anobject's acceleration,What is the physical meaning of the area under a graph of jerk vs.time?A.The area represents the object's acceleration.B.The area represents the object's change in acceleration.C.The area represents the object's change in velocity.D.The area represents the object's velocity.E.The area represents the object's change in position.6. A particle moves along the x-axis with a position given by theequation x(t) = 5 + 3t, where x is in meters, and t is in seconds.The positive direction is east. Which of the following statements about the particle is FALSE.0.The particle is east of the origin at t = 0.1.The particle is at rest at t = 0.2.The particle's velocity is constant.3.The particle's acceleration is constant.4.The particle will never be west of position x = 0.7. A mass hangs from two ropes at unequal angles, as shown above. Whichof the following makes correct comparisons of the horizontal and vertical components of the tension in each rope?8.The force of air resistance F on a mass is found to obey the equationF = bv2, where v is the speed of the mass, for the range of speedsinvestigated in an experiment. A graph of F N vs. v2 is shown above.What is the value of b?.0.83 kg/mA. 1.7 kg/mB. 3.0 kg/mC. 5.0 kg/mD. 1.0 kg/mE.zero9. A box sits on an inclined plane without sliding. As the angle ofthe plane (measured from the horizontal) increases, the normal force.increases linearlyA.decreases linearlyB.does not changeC.decreases nonlinearlyD.increases nonlinearly10.Which of the following conditions are necessary for an object tobe in static equilibrium?.The vector sum of all torques on the object must equal zero.I.The vector sum of all forces on the object must equal zero.II.The sum of the object's potential and kinetic energies must be zero.C.I onlyD.II onlyE.III onlyF.I and II onlyG.I, II, and III11.A student pushes a big 16-kg box across the floor at constant speed.He pushes with a for ce of 50 N angled 35° from the horizontal, as shown in the diagram above. If the student pulls rather than pushes the box at the same angle, while maintaining a constant speed, what will happen to the force of friction?.It must increase.A.It must decrease.B.It must remain the same.C.It will increase only if the speed is greater than 3.1 m/s.D.It will increase only if the speed is less than 3.1 m/s.12.Consider a system consisting only of the Earth and a bowling ball,which moves upward in a parabola above Earth's surface. The downward force of Earth's gravity on the ball, and the upward force of the ball's gravity on the Earth, form a Newton's third law force pair.Which of the following statements about the ball is correct?.The ball must be in equilibrium since the upward forces must cancel downward forces.A.The ball accelerates toward the Earth because the force ofgravity on the ball is greater than the force of the ball onthe Earth.B.The ball accelerates toward the Earth because the force ofgravity on the ball is the only force acting on the ball.C.The ball accelerates away from Earth because the forcecausing the ball to move upward is greater than the force ofgravity on the ball.D.The ball accelerates away from Earth because the forcecausing the ball to move upward plus the force of the ballon the Earth are together greater than the force of gravityon the ball.13.A mass m is attached to a mass 3m by a rigid bar of negligible massand length L. Initially, the smaller mass is located directly above the larger mass, as shown above. How much work is necessary to flip the rod 180° so that the lar ger mass is directly above the smaller mass?.4mgLA.2mgLB.mgLC.4pmgLD.2pmgL14.A ball rolls horizontally with speed v off of a table a height habove the ground. Just before the ball hits the ground, what is its speed?.A.B.C.vD.15.A pendulum is launched into simple harmonic motion in two differentways, as shown above, from a point that is a height h above its lowest point. During both launches, the bob is given an initial speed of3.0 m/s. On the first launch, the initial velocity of the bob isdirected upward along the pendulum's path, and on the second launch it is directed downward along the pendulum's path. Which launch will cause the pendulum to swing with the larger amplitude?.the first launchA.the second launchB.Both launches produce the same amplitude.C.The answer depends on the initial height h.D.The answer depends on the length of the supporting rope.16.The mass M is moving to the right with velocity v0 at position x= x0. Neglect friction. The spring has force constant k. What is the total mechanical energy of the block at this position?17.A sphere, a cube, and a cylinder, all of equal mass, are releasedfrom rest from the top of a short incline. The surface of the incline is extremely slick, so much so that the objects do not rotate when released, but rather slide with negligible friction. Which reaches the base of the incline first?.the sphereA.the cubeB.the cylinderC.All reach the base at the same time.D.The answer depends on the relative sizes of the objects.18.Block B is at rest on a smooth tabletop. It is attached to a longspring, which is in turn anchored to the wall. Block A slides toward and collides with block B. Consider two possible collisions: Collision I: Block A bounces back off of block B.Collision II: Block A sticks to block B.Which of the following is correct about the speed of block Bimmediately after the collision?.It is faster in case II than in case I ONLY if block B is heavier.A.It is faster in case I than in case II ONLY if block B isheavier.B.It is faster in case II than in case I regardless of the massof each block.C.It is faster in case I than in case II regardless of the massof each block.D.It is the same in either case regardless of the mass of eachblock.19.A 0.30-kg bird is flying from right to left at 30 m/s. The birdcollides with and sticks to a 0.50-kg ball which is moving straight up with speed 6.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the momentum of the ball/bird combination immediately after collision?.12.0 N?sA.9.5 N?sB.9.0 N?sC. 6.0 N?sD. 3.0 N?s20.The force F on a mass is shown above as a function of time t. Whichof the following methods can be used to determine the impulse experienced by the mass?.multiplying the average force by t maxI.calculating the area under the line on the graphII.taking the integralC.II onlyD.III onlyE.II and III onlyF.I and II onlyG.I, II, and III21.A projectile is launched on level ground in a parabolic path so thatits range would normally be 500 m. When the projectile is at the peak of its flight, the projectile breaks into two pieces of equal mass. One of these pieces falls straight down, with no further horizontal motion. How far away from the launch point does the other piece land?.250 mA.375 mB.500 mC.750 mD.1000 mQuestions 22 and 23A rigid rod of length L and mass M is floating at rest in space farfrom a gravitational field. A small blob of putty of mass m < M is moving to the right, as shown above. The putty hits and sticks to the rod a distance 2L/3 from the top end.22.How will the rod/putty contraption move after the collision?.The contraption will have no translational motion, but will rotate about the rod's center of mass.A.The contraption will have no translational motion, but willrotate about the center of mass of the rod and putty combined.B.The contraption will move to the right and rotate about theposition of the putty.C.The contraption will move to the right and rotate about thecenter of mass of the rod and putty combined.D.The contraption will move to the right and rotate about therod's center of mass.23.What quantities are conserved in this collision?.linear and angular momentum, but not kinetic energyA.linear momentum onlyB.angular momentum onlyC.linear and angular momentum, and linear but not rotationalkinetic energyD.linear and angular momentum, and linear and rotationalkinetic energy24.A car rounds a banked curve of uniform radius. Three forces act onthe car: a friction force between the tires and the road, the normal force from the road, and the weight of the car. Which provides the centripetal force which keeps the car in circular motion?.the friction force aloneA.the normal force aloneB.the weight aloneC. a combination of the normal force and the friction forceD. a combination of the friction force and the weight25.A ball of mass m anchored to a string swings back and forth to amaximum position A, as shown above. Point C is partway back to the vertical position. What is the direction of the mass's acceleration at point C?.along the mass's path toward point BA.toward the anchorB.away from the anchorC.between a line toward the anchor and a line along the mass'spathD.along the mass's path toward point A26.In a carnival ride, people of mass m are whirled in a horizontalcircle by a floorless cylindrical room of radius r, as shown in the diagram above. If the coefficient of friction between the people and the tube surface is µ, what minimum speed is necessary to keep the people from sliding down the walls?Questions 27 and 28The uniform, rigid rod of mass m, length L, and rotational inertiaI shown above is pivoted at its left-hand end. The rod is released from rest from a horizontal position.27.What is the linear acceleration of the rod's center of mass the moment after the rod is released?28.What is the linear speed of the rod's center of mass when the mass passes through a vertical position?29.The 1.0-m-long non-uniform plank, shown above, has weight 1000 N.It is to be supported by two rods, A and B, as shown above. The center of mass of the plank is 30 cm from the right edge. Each support bears half the weight of the plank. If support B is 10 cm from the right-hand edge, how far from the left-hand edge should support A be?.0 cmA.10 cmB.30 cmC.50 cmD.70 cm30.A mass m on a spring oscillates on a horizontal surface with periodT. The total mechanical energy contained in this oscillation is E.Imagine that instead a new mass 4m oscillates on the same springwith the same amplitude. What is the new period and total mechanical energy?31.A mass m is attached to a horizontal spring of spring constant k.The spring oscillates in simple harmonic motion with amplitude A.What is the maximum speed of this simple harmonic oscillator?32.An empty bottle goes up and down on the surface of the ocean, obeyingthe position function x= Acos(t). How much time does this bottle take to travel once from its lowest position to its highestposition?33.The Space Shuttle orbits 300 km above the Earth's surface; theEarth's radius is 6400 km. What is the acceleration due to Earth's gravity experienced by the Space Shuttle?. 4.9 m/s2A.8.9 m/s2B.9.8 m/s2C.0.8 m/s2D.zero34.An artificial satellite orbits Earth just above the atmosphere ina circle with constant speed. A small meteor collides with thesatellite at point P in its orbit, increasing its speed by 1%, but not changing the instantaneous direction of the satellite's velocity. Which of the following describes the satellite's new orbit?.The satellite now orbits in an ellipse, with P as the farthest approach to Earth.A.The satellite now orbits in an ellipse, with P as the closestapproach to Earth.B.The satellite now orbits in a circle of larger radius.C.The satellite now orbits in a circle of smaller radius.D.The satellite cannot maintain an orbit, so it flies off intospace.35.Mercury orbits the sun in about one-fifth of an Earth year. If 1AU is defined as the distance from the Earth to the sun, what is the approximate distance between Mercury and the sun? .(1/25) AUA.(1/9) AUB.(1/5) AUC.(1/3) AUD.(1/2) AU。
高中物理竞赛的知识与分类
高中物理竞赛的知识与分类“数学是物理的基础”，事实上数学是物理的载体，而物理模型的数学描述，是数学的应用，这两者在历史上是互相促进的关系。
如何才能学好物理呢?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!物理竞赛需要哪些知识?物理竞赛力学部分需要哪些数学?首先，为了理解力学一开始的匀加速直线运动和变加速直线运动，对于一元函数的简单微积分是必不可少的，当然主要集中在多项式函数的求导和积分上，实际操作起来十分容易。
此后，当运动范围被拓展到二维，运动形式成为曲线时，矢量代数、解析几何、参数方程、斜率、曲率半径等数学概念被融入到物理模型中，用来理解抛体、圆周、一般曲线运动。
这时微积分的应用也被拓展到更为复杂的函数范围，例如三角函数。
随着运动和力的关系——牛顿第二定律的引入，我们逐渐意识到光理解运动是不够的，运动背后的机理——力的作用，以及力的效果，才是我们要研究的。
动量定理、动能定理的引入，实际上反映了力在时空的积累效果，而牛顿方程本身，也是物理学家特别喜欢的形式——微分方程。
对于矢量和微积分更综合的运用体现在一种伴随物理学发展史的特殊运动形式——简谐振动当中。
而振动在介质当中的扩散效应——波动，又引出了波动方程、波函数这一时空函数的概念。
总结下来，力学部分所需要的数学是一元函数的微积分、矢量代数、解析几何、常微分方程、对二元函数的运用。
物理竞赛热学部分需要哪些数学?虽然高中热学部分涉及气体定律和热力学第一定律的内容比较容易，一般不需要微积分，但如果深入学习，热力学过程、各种态函数(内能、熵)、热力学第二定律，那么由于热力学体系变量多，适当的偏微分基础知识是必要的。
热力学是宏观的理论，而其背后有着分子动理论作为基础，它们之间的联系是通过对大量粒子系统的统计来实现的，因此，概率统计的知识就显得十分必要了。
总结下来，热学部分所需要的数学是简单的偏微分和概率统计。
物理竞赛电磁学部分需要哪些数学?依照往年的经验，电磁学是最容易让高考学生放弃物理、竞赛学生放弃物理竞赛的困难内容。
美国留学AP物理课程及考试详解
美国留学AP物理课程及考试详解1.AP物理课程介绍美国大学理事会（The College Board）主办的AP物理课程共有三门，分别是物理B，物理C－力学和C－电磁学。
有志修读的高中生可任选其中一门、两门或三门。
课程B的深广度相当于美国各高校为非理工科专业的本科生开设的物理入门课程，涵盖牛顿力学（占35％）、流体力学与热力学（占15％）、电磁学（占25％）、波与光学（占 15％）、原子与核物理（占10％）等多个物理分支，覆盖面广，但深度浅显，所用的数学工具不涉及微积分，仅需代数及三角函数。
课程B与中国高中物理的衔接度高，适合对高中物理有较好掌握、但无微积分基础的高二、高三学生修读。
课程C－力学与C－电磁学相当于美国各高校为理工科专业的本科生开设的力学与电磁学入门课程，需懂得微积分，适合有微积分基础且有意报考理工科专业的高二、高三学生修读。
2.AP物理考试介绍与课程相对应，AP物理共设有三门考试，每年五月举行。
物理B 的考试共三个小时，分为多项选择题（multiple-choice question）部分与自由解答题（free-response question）部分，二者权重相同，各占一个半小时。
第一部分共有七十道选择题，平均每题只有约七十五秒钟的解答时间，重在考察学生对物理概念与理论是否有广泛的掌握，不涉及复杂的计算，该部分不允许使用计算器。
选择题有五个备选项，只有一个正确。
第二部分有六至七道问答计算题，每道题通常又包含几个小问。
考生需用标准英语和数学符号逐步写明如何通过推理和计算得到最终答案，阅卷老师按步骤给分。
该部分可以使用计算器。
此部分还会给考生提供一个常用物理公式和常数表。
AP物理课程强调概念的深入理解AP物理课程评价的主要方式是书面考试。
通过考试强调概念理解，成为鼓励更好地进行教学实践的一种重要方式。
AP物理顾问小组认为，设计书面考试时应注意以下方面：（l）AP物理课程强调概念理解，而不是数学技巧。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题C1995
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题C1995AP? Physics C1995 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service? (ETS?), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT?, the PSAT/NMSQT?, and the Advanced Placement Program? (AP?). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational TestingService.1995M1. A 5-kilogram ball initially rests at the edge of a 2-meter-long, 1.2-meter-high frictionless table, as shown above. A hard plastic cube of mass 0.5 kilogram slides across the table at a speed of 26 meters per second and strikes the ball, causing the ball to leave the table in the direction in which the cube was moving. The figurebelow shows a graph of the force exerted on the ball by the cube as a function of time.a. Determine the total impulse given to the ball.b. Determine the horizontal velocity of the ball immediately after the collision.c. Determine the following for the cube immediately after the collision.i. Its speedii. Its direction of travel (right or left), if movingd. Determine the kinetic energy dissipated in the collision.e. Determine the distance between the two points of impact of the objects with the floor.1995M2. A particle of mass m moves in a conservative force field described by the potentialenergy function U(r) = a(r/b + b/r), where a and b are positive constants and r is the distance from the origin. The graph of U(r) has the following shape.a. In terms of the constants a and b, determine the following.i. The position r o at which the potential energy is a minimumii. The minimum potential energy U ob. Sketch the net force on the particle as a function of r on the graph below, considering a force directedaway from the origin to be positive, and a force directed toward the origin to be negative.The particle is released from rest at r = r o/2c. In terms of U o and m, determine the speed of the particle when it is at r = r o .d. Write the equation or equations that could be used to determine where, if ever, the particle will againcome to rest. It is not necessary to solve for this position.e. Briefly and qualitatively describe the motion of the particle over a long period of time.1995M3. Two stars, A and B. are in circular orbits of radii r a and r b, respectively, about their common center of mass at point P, as shown above. Each star has the same period of revolution T.Determine expressions for the following three quantities in terms of r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.a. The centripetal acceleration of star Ab. The mass M b of star Bc. The mass M a of star ADetermine expressions for the following two quantities in terms of M a, M b, r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.d. The moment of inertia of the two-star system about its center of mass.e. The angular momentum of the system about the center of mass.1995E1. A very long nonconducting rod of radius a has positive charge distributed throughoutits volume. The charge distribution is cylindrically symmetric, and the total charge per unit lengthof the rod is λ.a. Use Gauss's law to derive an expression for the magnitude of the electric field E outside the rod.b. The diagrams below represent cross sections of the rod. On these diagrams, sketch the following.i. Several equipotential lines in the region r > aii. Several electric field lines in the region r > ac. In the diagram above, point C is a distance a from the center of the rod (i.e., on the rod's surface),and point D is a distance 3a from the center on a radius that is 90° from point C. Determine thefollowing.i. The potential difference V C - V D between points C and Dii. The work required by an external agent to move a charge +Q from rest at point D to rest at point C Inside the rod (r < a), the charge density ρ is a function of radial distance r from the axis of the rodand is given by ρ=ρo(r/a)?, where ρo is a constant.d. Determine the magnitude of the electric field E as a function of r for r < a. Express your answer interms of ρo, a, and fundamental constants.1995E2. A parallel-plate capacitor is made from two sheets of metal, each with an area of 1.0 square meter, separated by a sheet of plastic 1.0 millimeter (10-3 m) thick, as shown above. The capacitance is measured to be 0.05 microfarad (5 x 10-8 F) .a. What is the dielectric constant of the plastic?b. The uncharged capacitor is connected in series with a resistor R = 2 x 106 ohms, a 30-volt battery,and an open switch S, as shown above. The switch is then closed.i. What is the initial charging current when the switch S is closed?ii. What is the time constant for this circuit?iii. Determine the magnitude and sign of the final charge on the bottom plate of the fully charged capacitor.iv. How much electrical energy is stored in the fully charged capacitor?After the capacitor is fully charged, it is carefully disconnected, leaving the charged capacitor isolatedin space. The plastic sheet is then removed from between the metal plates. The metal plates retain their original separation of1.0 millimeter.c. What is the new voltage across the plates?d. If there is now more energy stored in the capacitor, where did it come from? If there is now lessenergy, what happened to it?1995E3. The long, narrow rectangular loop of wire shown above has vertical height H, length D, and resistance R.The loop is mounted on an insulated stand attached to a glider, which moves on a frictionless horizontal air track with an initial speed of v o to the right. The loop and glider have a combined mass m. The loop enters a long, narrow region of uniform magnetic field B, directed out of the page toward the reader. Express your answers to the parts below in terms of B, D, H, R, m,and v o.a. What is the magnitude of the initial induced emf in the loop as the front end of the loop begins to enterthe region containing the field?b. What is the magnitude of the initial induced current in the loop?c. State whether the initial induced current in the loop is clockwise or counterclockwise around the loop.d. Derive an expression for the velocity of the glider as a function of time t for the interval after the frontedge of the loop has entered the magnetic field but before the rear edge has entered the field.e. Using the axes below, sketch qualitatively a graph of speed v versus time t for the glider. The front endof the loop enters the field at t = 0. At t1 the back end has entered and the loop is completely inside thefield. At t2 the loop begins to come out of the field. At t3 it is completely out of the field. Continue theto scale on the t-axis below.。
AP物理C真题2002
$3 Physics C: Mechanics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he following conventions are used in this examination.I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial.II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current).III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge.ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002PHYSICS CSection II, MECHANICSTime—45 minutes3 QuestionsDirections: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions, which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in the pink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.Mech 1.A crash test car of mass 1,000 kg moving at constant speed of 12 m/s collides completely inelastically with anobject of mass M at time t= 0. The object was initially at rest. The speed u in m/s of the car-object system after the collision is given as a function of time t in seconds by the expressionu=8.1+5t(a) Calculate the mass M of the object.(b) Assuming an initial position of x = 0, determine an expression for the position of the car-object system afterthe collision as a function of time t.(c) Determine an expression for the resisting force on the car-object system after the collision as a function oftime t.(d) Determine the impulse delivered to the car-object system from t= 0 to t= 2.0 s.Mech 2.The cart shown above is made of a block of mass m and four solid rubber tires each of mass m/4 and radius r.Each tire may be considered to be a disk. (A disk has rotational inertia 122ML, where M is the mass and L isthe radius of the disk.) The cart is released from rest and rolls without slipping from the top of an inclined plane of height h. Express all algebraic answers in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.(a) Determine the total rotational inertia of all four tires.(b) Determine the speed of the cart when it reaches the bottom of the incline.(c) After rolling down the incline and across the horizontal surface, the cart collides with a bumper of negligiblemass attached to an ideal spring, which has a spring constant k. Determine the distance x m the spring is compressed before the cart and bumper come to rest.(d) Now assume that the bumper has a non-neglible mass. After the collision with the bumper, the springis compressed to a maximum distance of about 90% of the value of x m in part (c). Give a reasonableexplanation for this decrease.Mech 3.An object of mass 0.5 kg experiences a force that is associated with the potential energy functionU x x()..=+4020, where U is in joules and x is in meters.(a) On the axes below, sketch the graph of U (x ) versus x .(b) Determine the force associated with the potential energy function given above.(c) Suppose that the object is released from rest at the origin. Determine the speed of the particle at x = 2 m.In the laboratory, you are given a glider of mass 0.5 kg on an air track. The glider is acted on by the forcedetermined in part (b). Your goal is to determine experimentally the validity of your theoretical calculation in part (c).(d) From the list below, select the additional equipment you will need from the laboratory to do your experimentby checking the line next to each item. If you need more than one of an item, place the number you need on the line. ___ Meterstick ___ Stopwatch ___ Photogate timer___ String___ Spring___ Balance___ Wood block___ Set of objects of different masses(e) Briefly outline the procedure you will use, being explicit about what measurements you need to makein order to determine the speed. You may include a labeled diagram of your setup if it will clarify your procedure.END OF SECTION II, MECHANICS。
AP Physics C – Mechanics：AP物理C–力学
COURSE DESCRIPTIONThe New York State course in Regents Physics is an excellent introduction to physics for the college bound senior. Many students embark on their university career without knowing exactly what they want to study. Taking physics in high school can open many doors for students who find that they want to major in a technical area. Students who take high school physics can obviously expect to do far better in university physics courses than those students who have not.Taking a course in physics gives the student a stronger foundation in problem-solving strategies and critical thinking. These are exactly the areas in which many universities and employers are complaining that candidates are not skilled enough!The Regents course is comprehensive in scope with each subject is treated with the proper depth for the average student. Students are prepared for, and expected to take, the Regents Physics exam in June.There are two prerequisites for this course. First, students should have completed Regents Biology, Regents Earth Science and Regents Chemistry. Without previous science experience, it will be difficult to do well in this class. Second, students should have completed two Regents Math exams. This course requires the understanding of algebra and fundamental knowledge of geometry that you gain from your math class.We meet every day for 40 minutes with an additional 40 minute lab period every-other day. At the completion of this course students should have a strong conceptual understanding of required topic and be able to complete all required physics laboratory experiments.COURSE TOPICS1. The science of physics2. Kinematics and Mechanics3. Energy and Momentum4. Electricity and Magnetism5. Vibration and Waves6. Modern PhysicsRESOURCES AND HELPFUL LINKSTextbook - Holt Physics, by Raymond A Servway and Jerry Faughn,/physics//.au/online/sciences/physics/t utes1.html/en/simulations/category/physics //Domain/248/physics/http://hyperphysics.phy-/hbase/hph.html#mechcon/physlet_resources/bu_ semester1/index.html/mathphysics.htmlhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/stwaverefl.htmGRADING POLICYCategory 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Tests & Exams 60% 40% 60% 60% Lab 5% 5% 5% 5% Project/formal lab 5% 5% 5% 5% Class work/ Participation 10% 10% 10% 10% Homework 20% 20% 20% 20%Midterm Exam 20%Course GradeStudents will receive a course grade that is an average of their grade for each of the four quarters and their score on the Regents Exam. Thus, each quarter and the Final Exam will comprise 20% of the final course grade.MidtermThe physics department administers a district-wide midterm exam during "Midterm Week" in January. This exam includes Regents level questions and will count for 20% of the student's second quarter grade.Tests and ExamsA test is a 25 point assessment with a blend of multiple choice and extended response questions. Tests are typically given in the middle of a large unit of instruction. An exam is given at the end of each unit and is a two part assessment. Part One of the assessment will consist of 30 multiple choice questions. Part Two of the assessment will consist of 20 points worth of extended response questions. All tests and exams are built using questions from past Regents exams and/or questions based directly on Regents exam questions.LabAll labs will be documented in a personal lab-notebook which will be kept in the classroom. Students will be required to complete at least 1200 minutes of lab (about 30 labs) time with a complete lab report in order to pass the course.Project/Formal LabOne lab per quarter will be designated as a "formal lab". This lab will be subjected to strict grading criteria and will be important in teaching students how to produce high quality lab reports.One project is also assigned every quarter. This project is for students to construct some type of device after school and write a report about the project.Class work / ParticipationClass work includes any formal or informal assessment of student work or preparedness for class. Most of the class work grades will consist of "Do Now's", "Exit Slips", and "Activities". Participation includes attendance, attentiveness to tasks during class and ability to work well with others. Participation grade heavily rewards effort on the part of the student.HomeworkHomework is assigned every day; it will take an average student about half an hour to complete. Homework will be collected and graded daily. According to research, completion of homework in high school produces a gain of about 24 percentile points.REQUIRED SUPPLIES▪Lab notebook▪Binder for class notes and homework▪Protractor with ruler▪CalculatorTENTATIVE SCHEDULE。
美国高中物理课程标准指南
美国高中物理课程（理工科用）一导言国家研究委员会（The National Research Council’s Committee）针对美国高中数学和科学的高级学习计划，组建了一个物理研究小组，专门讨论如何在中学开设有效的,能够发展学生潜能的课程。
附录A是委员会提出的任务指示。
该小组开了两次会议，传达了委员会提出的任务。
列席研究小组的人员包括：委员会的某些成员、有经验的大学物理教育专家，同时也有中学老师。
为了形成对中学物理教学建议的总体框架，他们提出一些做法并进行全面的讨论，以期作出一个较好的高级高中物理教学计划（a good advanced high school physics program）。
在第二章中，列出了该研究小组的观点摘要。
研究小组以两个主要高级中学计划，即高等位计划——AP（Advanced Placement）和国际文凭计划——IB（International Baccalaureate）作为模型，评估推荐的一些做法在目前物理课程中实施的程度，并在第三章中介绍了评估的结果，同时，也写进了该研究小组对提高目前两种计划质量的一些建议。
尽管时间有限，不能具体分析AP和IB计划的具体适用性，但研究小组讨论了一套比较合适的提议，见第二章。
考虑到每个中学都有其特定的环境，具有其优势与劣势，因此，不可能只有一种单一的提前计划能在全国范围内普遍适用。
因此，研究小组建议，教育部门应根据当地情况选择一种正如第二章所描述那样的具有普遍特征的计划，它应该是灵活，对某个地区具有可行性的。
第四、五、六章检验了研究小组关于提前学习计划的三个重要的观点。
第四章关注教与学；第五章概述了物理学重心的改变及对高级物理教材的影响；第六章介绍高级中学物理计划与大学物理计划的联系。
最后，第七章进一步总结了该研究小组的主要发现及所有的建议。
二高等物理教学实施建议Recommended Practices for Advanced Physics Instruction1. 什么高等物理计划？“高等”这个术语意思是：提前学习高于NSES国家科学教育标准(the National Science Education Standards)要求的物理课程。
AP-物理C-力学-2021真题卷1(2)
Universal gravitational constant,
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6.67 1011 N<m2 kg2
Universal gas constant, R 8.31 J (mol<K)
Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface,
g 9.8 m s2
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
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1 electron volt, 1 eV 1.60 1019 J
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Speed of light, c 3.00 108 m s
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【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C1995
AP® Physics C1995 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational TestingService.1995M1. A 5-kilogram ball initially rests at the edge of a 2-meter-long, 1.2-meter-high frictionless table, as shown above. A hard plastic cube of mass 0.5 kilogram slides across the table at a speed of 26 meters per second and strikes the ball, causing the ball to leave the table in the direction in which the cube was moving. The figurebelow shows a graph of the force exerted on the ball by the cube as a function of time.a. Determine the total impulse given to the ball.b. Determine the horizontal velocity of the ball immediately after the collision.c. Determine the following for the cube immediately after the collision.i. Its speedii. Its direction of travel (right or left), if movingd. Determine the kinetic energy dissipated in the collision.e. Determine the distance between the two points of impact of the objects with the floor.1995M2. A particle of mass m moves in a conservative force field described by the potentialenergy function U(r) = a(r/b + b/r), where a and b are positive constants and r is the distance from the origin. The graph of U(r) has the following shape.a. In terms of the constants a and b, determine the following.i. The position r o at which the potential energy is a minimumii. The minimum potential energy U ob. Sketch the net force on the particle as a function of r on the graph below, considering a force directedaway from the origin to be positive, and a force directed toward the origin to be negative.The particle is released from rest at r = r o/2c. In terms of U o and m, determine the speed of the particle when it is at r = r o .d. Write the equation or equations that could be used to determine where, if ever, the particle will againcome to rest. It is not necessary to solve for this position.e. Briefly and qualitatively describe the motion of the particle over a long period of time.1995M3. Two stars, A and B. are in circular orbits of radii r a and r b, respectively, about their common center of mass at point P, as shown above. Each star has the same period of revolution T.Determine expressions for the following three quantities in terms of r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.a. The centripetal acceleration of star Ab. The mass M b of star Bc. The mass M a of star ADetermine expressions for the following two quantities in terms of M a, M b, r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.d. The moment of inertia of the two-star system about its center of mass.e. The angular momentum of the system about the center of mass.1995E1. A very long nonconducting rod of radius a has positive charge distributed throughoutits volume. The charge distribution is cylindrically symmetric, and the total charge per unit lengthof the rod is λ.a. Use Gauss's law to derive an expression for the magnitude of the electric field E outside the rod.b. The diagrams below represent cross sections of the rod. On these diagrams, sketch the following.i. Several equipotential lines in the region r > aii. Several electric field lines in the region r > ac. In the diagram above, point C is a distance a from the center of the rod (i.e., on the rod's surface),and point D is a distance 3a from the center on a radius that is 90° from point C. Determine thefollowing.i. The potential difference V C - V D between points C and Dii. The work required by an external agent to move a charge +Q from rest at point D to rest at point C Inside the rod (r < a), the charge density ρ is a function of radial distance r from the axis of the rodand is given by ρ=ρo(r/a)½, where ρo is a constant.d. Determine the magnitude of the electric field E as a function of r for r < a. Express your answer interms of ρo, a, and fundamental constants.1995E2. A parallel-plate capacitor is made from two sheets of metal, each with an area of 1.0 square meter, separated by a sheet of plastic 1.0 millimeter (10-3 m) thick, as shown above. The capacitance is measured to be 0.05 microfarad (5 x 10-8 F) .a. What is the dielectric constant of the plastic?b. The uncharged capacitor is connected in series with a resistor R = 2 x 106 ohms, a 30-volt battery,and an open switch S, as shown above. The switch is then closed.i. What is the initial charging current when the switch S is closed?ii. What is the time constant for this circuit?iii. Determine the magnitude and sign of the final charge on the bottom plate of the fully charged capacitor.iv. How much electrical energy is stored in the fully charged capacitor?After the capacitor is fully charged, it is carefully disconnected, leaving the charged capacitor isolatedin space. The plastic sheet is then removed from between the metal plates. The metal plates retain their original separation of 1.0 millimeter.c. What is the new voltage across the plates?d. If there is now more energy stored in the capacitor, where did it come from? If there is now lessenergy, what happened to it?1995E3. The long, narrow rectangular loop of wire shown above has vertical height H, length D, and resistance R.The loop is mounted on an insulated stand attached to a glider, which moves on a frictionless horizontal air track with an initial speed of v o to the right. The loop and glider have a combined mass m. The loop enters a long, narrow region of uniform magnetic field B, directed out of the page toward the reader. Express your answers to the parts below in terms of B, D, H, R, m,and v o.a. What is the magnitude of the initial induced emf in the loop as the front end of the loop begins to enterthe region containing the field?b. What is the magnitude of the initial induced current in the loop?c. State whether the initial induced current in the loop is clockwise or counterclockwise around the loop.d. Derive an expression for the velocity of the glider as a function of time t for the interval after the frontedge of the loop has entered the magnetic field but before the rear edge has entered the field.e. Using the axes below, sketch qualitatively a graph of speed v versus time t for the glider. The front endof the loop enters the field at t = 0. At t1 the back end has entered and the loop is completely inside thefield. At t2 the loop begins to come out of the field. At t3 it is completely out of the field. Continue theto scale on the t-axis below.。
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Contents
Directions for Administration ............................................................................................ ii Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions ................................................................................ 1 Section II: Free-Response Questions .............................................................................. 14 Student Answer Sheet for Multiple-Choice Section ...................................................... 22 Multiple-Choice Answer Key........................................................................................... 23 Free-Response Scoring Guidelines.................................................................................. 24
The actual AP Physics C Exams are administered in one session, Mechanics first followed by Electricity and Magnetism. Students taking only one of the exams will have the most realistic experience if both sections are completed in one session. Similarly, students taking both Physics C exams will have the most realistic experience if both exams are completed in one session and a complete morning or afternoon is available to administer them. If a schedule does not permit one time period for administration, it would be acceptable to administer Mechanics on one day and Electricity and Magnetism on a subsequent day, or to further break things up and administer Section I and Section II of each exam on subsequent days.
The AP Physics C: Mechanics Exam is one and one-half hours in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section.
• The 45-minute multiple-choice section contains 35 questions and accounts for 50 percent of the final grade.
• The 45-minute free-response section contains 3 questions and accounts for 50 percent of the final grade.
Students should be given a 10-minute warning prior to the end of each section of the exam. A 10-minute break should be provided after Mechanics is completed if students are taking Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism immediately after Mechanics.
The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success
The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,000 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.
Many students wonder whether or not to guess the answers to the multiple-choice questions about which they are not certain. It is improbable that mere guessing will improve a score. However, if a student has some knowledge of the question and is able to eliminate one or more answer choices as wrong, it may be to the student’s advantage to answer such a question.
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Visit the College Board on the Web: . AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: .
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AP® Physics C: Mechanics Directions for Administration
• The use of calculators is permitted only on Section II. Straightedges or rulers are allowed on both parts of the exam.
• It is suggested that the practice exam be completed using a peinistration.
Advanced Placement Program
AP® Physics C: Mechanics
Practice Exam
The questions contained in this AP® Physics C: Mechanics Practice Exam are written to the content specifications of AP Exams for this subject. Taking this practice exam should provide students with an idea of their general areas of strengths and weaknesses in preparing for the actual AP Exam. Because this AP Physics C: Mechanics Practice Exam has never been administered as an operational AP Exam, statistical data are not available for calculating potential raw scores or conversions into AP grades. This AP Physics C: Mechanics Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Teachers may not redistribute the files electronically for any reason.