(已)著名生态学家介绍

一、国外著名生态学家介绍一、E．P．OdumEugene Pleasants Odum（哥哥）(1913～2002)，1913年 9月17日生于美国新罕布什尔。

1934年获美国北卡罗来纳大学学士学位；1939年获伊利诺伊大学博士学位。

1937～1939年在北卡罗来纳大学任助教；1939～1940年在纽约州埃德蒙·奈尔斯爱斯基摩人保护区任生物学研究员。

1940～1957年在佐治亚大学先后任助教授、教授；并于1957年任该大学阿鲁尼基金会动物学教授；1961年任该大学生态学研究所所长。

他主要研究生态系统生态学，他与其弟H. T. Odum 最早认识到把能流作为生态学原理的重要性，并使生态学与经济学结合起来，发展了人类生态学。

此外，他在鸟类生态、脊椎动物种群以及河口、湿地生态学等方面，也有不少的研究。

他是美国科学院院士，美国科学发展协会会员。

1964～1965年被选为美国生态学会主席。

1953 出版了经典著作《Fundamentals of Ecology 》（国内翻译为《生态学基础》），开创了“生态系统”研究的热潮，并一直是该领域的领军人物，对生态系统结构与功能、生态系统的演替、生态系统服务等生态学重要问题进行了深入的研究，提出了生物“冗余”概念，引起世界范围的反响（见动植物板块的“生物的冗余“一帖）。

1977 获得泰勒奖（Tyler Award ），1988获得瑞典科学院颁发的克拉夫奖（Craafort Prize。

生态学的诺贝尔奖）。

二、H．T．OdumHoward Thomas Odum（弟弟）(1924, Chapel Hill,North Carolina–2002 Gainesville, Florida) 由Howard Thomas Odum创立的能值理论与方法，在中国的传播始于1990年Howard Thomas Odum的第二次访华。

在此期间，即1990年8月1日至1990年8月21日他访问了台北、广州、北京和沈阳，并作了多个学术报告，如"自组织与系统生态学"和"能值分析与环境评价"等。

从此以后，我国的广州、北京、南京和沈阳、佛山等多座城市的大学和科研机构先后开展了10多年的能值研究，能值理论应用于多个领域,包括国家、省、市、自然保护区等生态经济系统的能值评估、农业生态系统、城市生态系统、环境与资源、废水处理、生态工程和工业的能值评价。

用中文或英文发表关于能值的学术论文60多篇,由霍华德.汤姆.奥德姆所著的3本关于能值的书被翻译为中文，能值概念、理论和方法被10多部中文书刊引用，2本关于能值的中文专著已发表。

能值分析的研究工作已得到国家自然科学基金资助，其中有些课题已结题，有些课题正在进行中。

能值理论与方法已被许多中国生态学家所接受。

三、Haeckel恩斯特·海因里希·菲利普·奥古斯特·海克尔（ErnstHeinrich Philipp August Haeckel，1834年2月16日－1919年8月9日）生于波茨坦卒于耶拿，德国生物学家、博物学家、哲学家、艺术家，同时也是医生、教授。

海克尔将查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的进化论引入德国并在此基础上继续完善了人类的进化论理论。

海克尔本来的职务是医生，后来任比较解剖学的教授。

他是最早将心理学看作是生理学的一个分支的人之一。

他引入了一些今天在生物学中非常普遍的术语如生态学、门等，他将政治学称为是“应用生物学”。

他的一些理论和主张后来被纳粹理论家利用，成为其种族主义和社会达尔文主义的理由。

海克尔也是优生学的先驱。

海克尔比较知名的文章主要是他的科普、嘲讽文章或者他的游记，但他的学术文章今天依然可以提供新的启发。

比如他1866年的《形态学大纲》是世界上第一部达尔文的进化论的教科书，在他的1874年的《人类学》中他使用比较解剖学的方法来探讨人从动物世界的进化和人的来源。

他的三卷长的《系统发生学》至今很少有人读，这是一部从1894年到1896年发表的巨著，其中海克尔描述了他对整个动物世界的进化和亲属关系的认识。

对生态学的贡献：第一次提出了生态学的概念。

四、TansleySir Arthur George Tansley (15 August 1871 – 25 November 1955) was an English botanist and a pioneer in the science of ecology. Educated at University College London and Trinity College, Cambridge, Tansley taught at these institutions and at Oxford, where he served as Sheridan Professor of Botany until his retirement in 1937. Hefounded the New Phytologist in 1902 and served as its editor until 1931. Tansley was a pioneer of the science of ecology in Britain, being heavily influenced by the work of Danish botanist Eugenius Warming, and introduced the concept of the ecosystem into biology. Tansley was a founding member of the first professional society of ecologists, the Central Committee for the Survey and Study of British Vegetation, which later organised the British Ecological Society, and served as its first president and founding editor of the Journal of Ecology. Tansley also served as the first chairman of the British Nature Conservancy. Tansley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1915, and was knighted in 1950. The New Phycologist publishes regular Tansley Reviews and awards a Tansley Medal, both named in his honour.五、WarmingJohannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (3 November 1841 –2 April 1924), known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology.Warming wrote the first textbook (1895) on plant ecology, taughtthe first university course in ecology and gave the concept itsmeaning and content. ―If one individual can be singled out to behonoured as the founder of ecology, Warming should gainprecedence‖.Warming wrote a number of textbooks on botany, plant geographyand ecology, which were translated to several languages and wereimmensely influential at their time and later. Most important werePlantesamfund and Haandbog i den systematiske Botanik.六、RaunkiearChristen Christensen Raunkiær (29 March 1860 – 11 March 1938)was a Danish botanist, who was a pioneer of plant ecology. He ismainly remembered for his scheme of plant strategies to survive anunfavourable season ("life forms") and his demonstration that therelative abundance of strategies in floras largely corresponded to theEarth's climatic zones. This scheme, the Raunkiær system, is stillwidely used today and may be seen as a precursor of modern plantstrategy schemes, e.g. J. Philip Grime's CSR system.七、TilmanG. David Tilman (born Titman,[1] on July 22, 1949) is a prominent American ecologist. He is Regents Professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in Ecology at the University of Minnesota, as well as an instructor in Conservation Biology; Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; and Microbial Ecology. He is director of theCedarCreek Ecosystem Science Reserve long-term ecological researchstation. Tilman is also a professor at University of California, SantaBarbara's Bren School of Environmental Science & Management.He has been a Guggenheim Fellow, is a Fellow of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science and of theAmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the NationalAcademy of Science. In 2000 Tilman was designated the MostHighly Cited Environmental Scientist of the Decade by EssentialScience Indicators.八、MacArthurRobert Helmer MacArthur (April 7, 1930 – November 1, 1972) was a Canadian-born American ecologist who made a major impact on many areas of community and population ecology.MacArthur was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania,1958-65, and professor of biology at Princeton University,1965-72. He played an important role in the development ofniche partitioning, and with E.O. Wilson he co-authored TheTheory of Island Biogeography, a work which changed thefield of biogeography, drove community ecology and led tothe development of modern landscape ecology. His emphasis on hypothesis testing helped change ecology from a primarily descriptive field into an experimental field, and drove the developmentof theoretical ecology.At Princeton, MacArthur served as the general editor of the series Monographs in Population Biology, and helped to found the journal Theoretical Population Biology. He also wrote Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species (1972). He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1969. Robert MacArthur died of renal cancer in 1972.九、liebig（利比希）利比希(Liebig，Justus von，1803—1873)德国化学家(Chemist，Germany)。