飞行器设计专业英文介绍_Flight vehicle design

Flight Vehicle Design
Flight vehicle design is a discipline belonging to aerospace science and technology. It cultivates senior engineers and researchers who are qualified to engage in flight vehicle overall design, structural design and structural strength analysis. These technicians must have a better knowledge of mathematics and mechanics, basic theory of aircraft engineering and the capacity of flight vehicle overall design and structural strength design.
Flight vehicle design is an important component and the first link of the aircraft development process. Synthetically using modern science and technology achievements and the methods of system engineering, flight vehicle design directs the manufacturing, testing and use process of flight vehicles in the form of engineering language (drawings and technical documents).
Flight vehicles are divided into aircrafts, spacecrafts, launch vehicles, missiles and other flight vehicles. Aircrafts generally refer to flight vehicles flying in the atmosphere, like airplanes, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, hot-air balloons and other flight vehicles. Some of them utilize aero engines to provide thrust, while some use the forward component of the lift, such as helicopters, and yet others need no thrust, like hot-air balloons. The aero engine is able to use oxygen from the atmosphere for combustion instead of carrying it onboard, thus the combustion agent is only need to carry. However, with spacecrafts the situation is quite different because generally spacecrafts fight in space without oxygen. They utilize batteries (storage batteries or hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell) and the solar array power system to provide power. Generally they have orbital maneuvering engines to maintain or alter their orbits. This kinds of vehicles include satellites, spaceships. The best known launch vehicles are rockets. Using oxidizer and fuel, rocket engines provide the main thrust for launch, liftoff and flight. Missiles come from rockets but are more technically demanding than the latter. The warhead is the most important part of a missile.
Therefore, this discipline exists both in school of aeronautic science and engineering and school of astronautics. Each school focuses on different fields but the similarities always exist. For instance, most missiles perform their tasks in the atmosphere and are powered by solid rocket engines. However, students in the two schools learn the same principles. There are six departments in school of aeronautic science and engineering. They are department of airplane, department of aerodynamics, department of aircraft structural strength, department of man-machine and environmental engineering, department of flight mechanics and flight safety and department of dynamics and control. While school of astronautics contains only three departments, spacecraft technology, spaceflight guidance, navigation and control and aerospace propulsion.
Each department has several main research directions. People in department of airplane, for example, focus on six research fields. These fields are related to multidisciplinary optimization design of pneumatics, structure, stealth and control, aircraft advanced structural design technology, coaxial helicopter design technology,
macro air vehicle design technology and other design and optimization techniques.
With the arrival of the new century, flight vehicle design is becoming an important pillar of national economy and defense establishment. As the theoretical basis of directing the development and application of flight vehicles, flight vehicle design will obtain unprecedented development opportunities and face new challenges.。