2012年山东科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题
全国所高校MTI翻译硕士考研真题汇总
全国54所高校MTI翻译硕士考研真题汇总本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献2012全国50所高校MTI真题1.对外经贸大学翻译基础AMIS BHD CBRC DPOB FEM MTN MSP NNW PAO SACDebenture ；Balance sheet ；Tax agent ；International arbitration ；Gross weight ；Generalized system of preference ；Fixed cost；Stock listing ；Random access ；Profit before tax按揭薄利多销补贴动产抵押进口报关表房地产分包合同股息国民待遇市场调查AMIS 声讯交互规范Audio Message Interactive Specification ； BHD 黑鹰坠落Black Hawk Down ； CBRC中国银监会；DPOB date and place of birth 出生时间和地点； FEM有限元法The Finite Element Method ；MTN多边贸易谈判； MSP Managing Successful Programme成功的项目群管理； NNW国民福利指标Net National Welfare ；PAO Periodicals Archive Online 典藏学术期刊全文数据库汗；SAC中国证券业协会THE SECURITIES ASSOCIATION OF CHINAdebenture 债券 balance sheet 资产负债表 tax agent 税务代理人international arbitration 国际仲裁gross weight 毛重或总重generalized system of preference 普惠制fixed cost固定成本stock listings股票上市 random access随机存取 profit before tax 税前利润按揭 Mortgage ；薄利多销SPQR small profits; quick returns ；补贴 subsidy；动产抵押Chattel Mortgage；进口报关单declaration for importation ；房地产Real Estate；分包合同subcontract；股息dividend；国民待遇national treatment；市场调查market research;英译汉：内容是苹果公司与乔布斯的;其中一个中心词backdating百思不得其解..还有一个机构名SEC也多次出现..汉译英：不是纯经贸题材的;是一篇个人抒情小短文;谈的是成功领导具备的素质;难度比前两年稍有降低..百科与写作史记包含的五类;初唐四杰;初唐四大书法家;最大规模农民战争;唐代山水诗派代表;苦吟诗人;“飞流直下三千尺;疑是银河落九天”是哪首诗的;中国画祖之类;看过一遍中国文化的应该都问题不大;但明年就说不定了..另外20个外国文化主要是英美文学的作家作品;马克吐温第一部短篇小说集;杰克伦敦最着名的作品;以下哪本不是托尼莫尔斯的作品;罗马字母创立的时间;“我爱吾师我更爱真理”谁说的;英国宪章运动中文学领袖;60年代源于法国的重要思想;苏格兰最大的湖泊长江文化河姆渡；奴隶社会包括夏、商、西周；孟子全部思想基础性善论；春秋医学专着黄帝内经；史记本纪、表、书、世家、列传；初唐四杰卢照龄；哪个不是初唐四家书法家虞世南欧阳询褚遂良薛稷；唐代“苦吟”诗人贾岛；唐代田园诗人孟浩然；陶渊明代表作饮酒词；南朝抒情长诗最高艺术成就代表西洲曲；“无可奈何花落去;似曾相识燕归来..”出自晏殊作品浣溪沙；画祖顾恺之；宋代诗人代表苏轼；宋代四大书院白鹿洞；明清四大谴责小说老残游记；最大丛书四库全书；清教育机构国子监古代最大农民战争太平天国；中国文化考察内容：年代特征+古代文学80%、艺术科技20%.. 金元浦那本书参考价值不大..林青松那本书很重要..注重基础知识点..多练单选..文艺复兴意大利文学三杰；欧洲文学开端荷马史诗；“吾爱吾师;吾更爱真理”谁提出的亚里士多德；英国唯物主义始祖培根；米尔顿代表作失乐园；格列夫游记作者斯威夫特；20世纪60年代兴起于法国的思潮结构主义；英国批判现实作家狄更斯；美国民主思想先驱者潘恩；超验主义领导人爱默生；惠特曼代表作草野集；杰克伦敦长篇小说马丁伊登；艾略特代表作荒原；苏格兰最大湖罗蒙湖；美国最长河密西西比河；不是美国东海岸的城市洛杉矶；罗马文字形成时间 7世纪不是1993年诺贝尔文学奖获奖者托尼莫里森代表作主要作品有长篇小说最蓝的眼睛、秀拉、所罗门之歌、宝贝儿、爵士乐等..欧洲文化经历阶段文艺复兴--宗教改革—启蒙运动西方文化考察内容：文学主要英国美国;未涉及艺术、科技、宗教、哲学任何内容..今年制定参考书目--庄锡昌西方文化史未考任何内容..4个名词解释是：竞争力;企业文化;加尔文教;中世纪..要求50个字以内..应用文写作：某公司经理应邀参加另一家公司的十周年庆典;但临时出差无法参加;写一封致歉信..前两年分别是广告和说明书;没有太多的限制;需要充分发挥想象的翅膀;本人觉得比较的难写；而今年的信函则是应用文中算简单的了;给了详细的情景;顺着情景下笔就行了..命题作文：内容是要求写一份商业创意的策划书;以期能够得到风投..前两年的真题都是图画作文..基础英语单选出了很多相似词语辨析;有几道语法题;有相近短语辨析如Put off等改错和去年有点不同;去年是出了一篇文章;今年是10个小分句..感觉不是很难;较好区分.. 有comma splice ; fragment; run on ; correct的选项..但要抄改完后的句子..阅读理解感觉和去年难度差不多;一二篇稍难点;而且篇幅长..第一篇说的是移民对美国经济;社会的影响..第二篇日本加入TPP.对本国产业的影响与美国政策调整之类..第三篇 E book和纸质读书的比较与发展趋势第四篇中国崛起和美国关系;A B C DE让你排序的作文还是看图作文;250—300字;是一个图表..加拿大在当前及未来两个阶段在石油天然气方面主要竞争对手的竞争力变化..2.北京大学基础英语30个单选;有词汇也有语法..有好几个题都是让选下列句子中没有错误的一共两个阅读;每个都有两篇B5纸..第一个有关一种转基因的鱼;8道选择;一共20分..第二个是有关欧债危机的;讲的是德国和英国的态度..5道问答;一共20分..作文是关于“小悦悦”事件的看法翻译基础15个英译汉没有缩略词1. Academy award2. animated movie3. avant-garde4. Byzantium5. Civilian6. Cubism7. Catholicism8. Expo9. Bermuda Triangle10. Consumerism11. East End12. Beatles13. Contributor14. Broadway15. autograph15个汉译英1. 未来主义2. 头版新闻3. 蜜月4. 香格里拉5. 人力资源6. 碳酸饮料7. 学士学位8. 特洛伊木马9. 垃圾文化10. 中古英语11.吉尼斯世界纪录大全12. 荒诞派戏剧13. 迷惘的一代14. 手稿英译汉大概讲电子书刊和传统书刊汉译英选自蔡元培先生的以美育代宗教说纯粹之美育;所以陶养吾人之感情;使有高尚纯洁之习惯;而使人我之见、利已损人之思念;以渐消沮者也..盖以美为普遍性;决无人我差别之见能参入其中..食物之入我口者;不能兼果他人之腹；衣服之在我身者;不能兼供他人之温;以其非普遍性也..美则不然..即如北京左近之西山;我游之;人亦游之；我无损于人;人亦无损于我也..隔千里兮共明月;我与人均不得而私之..中央公园之花石;农事试验场之水木;人人得而赏之..埃及之金字塔、希腊之神祠、罗马之剧场;瞻望赏叹者若干人..所谓独乐乐不如人乐乐;与寡乐乐不如与众乐乐;以齐宣王之惛;尚能承认之;美之为普遍性可知矣..汉语写作与百科知识名词解释给了好几个小段落;在里面划词考的1. 主体间性2. 文本3. 科学范式4. 实证科学5. 本土性6. 归化处理7. 目的语8. 无罪推定9. 听证制10. 蕴涵11. 上下义12. 指称13. 语言的交际意义14. 语言的及物性15. 语言的主位16. 人文主义17. 功能对等18. “功能对等物”19. 斯多葛学派20. 命题21. 语句应用文写作北京市团市委关于好找广大团员青年踊跃鲜血的倡议现代文写作孔子说“己所不欲;勿施于人..”试以此为题;写一篇不少于800字的文章;体裁不限..3. 北二外翻译基础1.红楼梦2.寿桃3.春卷4.国有企业5.国库券6.国家外汇储蓄7.综合国力8.义务教育9.温带大陆性气候10.短篇小说11.科幻片12.污水处理13.海峡两岸关系14.新闻发布会15.扩大内需E-C1.CBD2.Gaza strip3.anti-dunming measures4.Hubble Space Telescope5.activiated carbon6.Blu-ray disc7.HIV carrierernment procurement9.deposit reserve ratio10.insurance companyE-C;两篇..1.关键词： American colleges application; City Unicersity of New York; tuition free. 大意讲美国大学申请;说到大学的受欢迎程度;而这个City University of New York 以前不怎么有人申请的学校这次却很多人申请;它的条件不好;缺这个缺那个还没有宿舍..这所大学推出了一个什么什么吸引优秀学生的项目;1100多优秀学生能够享受免费教育;还能得到一笔7500美金的补助和一台笔记本电脑;然后今年申请 early admission 的人数占了70%..2.关键词：E-waste; take back and recycle of old mobile phones; disposing of computers; moniters; printers; eliminating and limiting of chemicals. 关于电子垃圾的处理;说这个问题已经越来越成为一个严重的环境问题了;还有什么欧盟表态;什么机构又要限制化学元素和有毒物质在原料中的使用;还说到一个lobby group正在进行一个关于回收旧手机的campaignC-E;两篇..1.原文：前辈的学者常常以学问的趣味启迪后生;因为他们实在是得到了学问的趣味;故不惜现身说法;诱导后辈;使他们在愉快的心情之下走进学说的大门..例如;梁任公先生梁启超就说过：“我是个主张趣味主义的人;倘若用化学划分‘梁启超’这件东西;把里头一种元素名叫‘趣味’的抽出来;只怕所剩下的仅有个零了..”任公先生注重趣味;学问甚是渊博;故能有他那样的成就..一个人在学问上果能感觉到趣味;有时真会像着了魔一般;真能废寝忘食;真能不知老之将至;苦苦钻研;锲而不止..在学问上焉能不有收获2.介绍西藏的..地热;太阳能;风能丰富;东部还有丰富的森林资源;西藏是中国五大草场之一;经济支柱是农业也畜牧业;还有大麦、豌豆、黄麻等等....雪山冰川;蜿蜒的河流;广阔的草原;迷人的寺庙;有自己的宗教文化和文化习俗..旅游胜地有布达拉宫;大昭寺;扎什伦布寺;位于南部的吉堆吐蕃墓群..基础英语一语法词汇：30个单选;词汇和语法分布貌似比较均匀;没有前两年出现的改错和完形填空..二阅读;两篇选择题10个;20分；两篇问答题;5个问题;20分..阅读四篇;前两篇是以选择题形式出题;后两篇是问答题..总体不难..一篇是讲述警察的工作情况;警察需要学习法律知识;需要学会收集证据;面临的压力很大..另一篇讲的是三种词典;牛津;朗文;还有BBC;是关于三本字典的cultural element主要是针对文化方面的考虑问题..还有一篇讲的是美国的cultural blindness;还有就是外国人很注重对英语的发扬;哪哪都是英语..关键词：American culture blindness..美国人自认为自己的文化很了不起怎么怎么滴;然后导致了很多问题..。
2012年英语二(完整版)
I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part cannot be properly settled.
发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、 加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。
诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004 年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大 型调查，结果发现，近 40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而 25 岁以上的印度人只有约 3.3%受过中学以上教 育。“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他 们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产 品。
Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new dictionary that can work well. Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young people. In order to improve this situation, and make life of those who are between 40s and 50s easier, the authorities, relevant departments and certain enterprises should adopt some measures to increase salaries and perfect welfare system. What’s more, adults under 40 themselves should also treat their work with a positive and proper attitude and spare more time on physical practice after long-hour work. Only in this way can we assure that as many people as possible will live a contented life.
2012年考研英语二真题(全部答案及解析)(完整版)
2012年考研英语真题与答案Section 1 Use of EninglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) h ad a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1. A、performed B、served C、rebelled D、betrayed2. A、actual B、common C、special D、normal3. A、bore B、cased C、removed D、loaded4. A、necessities B、facilitice C、commodities D、propertoes5. A、and B、nor C、but D、hence6. A、for B、into C、form D、against7. A、meaning B、implying C、symbolizing D、claiming8. A、handed out B、turn over C、brought back D、passed down9. A、pushed B、got C、made D、managed10. A、ever B、never C、either D、neither11. A、disguised B、disturbed C、disputed D、distinguished12. A、company B、collection C、community D、colony13. A、employed B、appointed C、interviewed D、questioned14. A、ethical B、military C、political D、human15. A、ruined B、commuted C、patrolled D、gained16. A、paralleled B、counteracted C、duplicated D、contradicted17. A、neglected B、avoided C、emphasized D、admired18. A、stages B、illusions C、fragments D、advancea19. A、With B、To C、Among D、Beyond20. A、on the contrary B、by this means C、from the outset D、at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.A、is receiving more criticismB、is no longer an educational ritualC、is not required for advanced coursesD、is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.A、tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB、have asked for a different educational standardC、may have problems finishing their homeworkD、have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.A、discourage students from doing homeworkB、result in students' indifference to their report cardsC、undermine the authority of state testsD、restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. A、it should be eliminatedB、it counts much in schoolingC、it places extra burdens on teachersD、it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.A、Wrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyB、A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC、Thorny Questions about HomeworkD、A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even amongtwo-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consideredthe more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.A、should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB、should not be associated with girls' innocenceC、cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD、cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A、Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.B、Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C、Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D、White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.A、the marketing of products for childrenB、the observation of children's natureC、researches into children's behaviorD、studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.A、focus on infant wear and older kids' clothesB、attach equal importance to different gendersC、classify consumers into smaller groupsD、create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.A、clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB、fully understood by clothing manufacturersC、mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD、well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Exec utiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assure dmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecisi on,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'srisk ofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirm sandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy .TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:a geneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrew ardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumbersee styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctoberth eDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmol ecule“isnoless aproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwh etherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemay yetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.A、seek subsidies from the govemmentB、explore reasons for the unermploymentC、make profits from the troubled economyD、look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.A、realize the national dreamB、struggle against each otherC、challenge their lifestyleD、reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.A、impose a heavier burden on immigrantsB、bring out more evils of human natureC、Promote the advance of rights and freedomsD、ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.A、lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesB、catch up quickly with experienced employeesC、see their life chances as dimmed a s the others’D、recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.A、certainB、positiveC、trivialD、destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Unive rsal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A翻译：而发展中国家担心移民，则通常考虑的是，他们最优秀的人才流入了硅谷，或是发达国家的一些医院和大学。
2012年考研英语(一)翻译参考译文
2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。
这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。
文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。
2012考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析
2012Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。
当我们听到“同辈〔趋同〕压力〞这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。
这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比方喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。
但是，在她的新书?参加这个俱乐部?, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的工程叫做“向烟雾宣战〞就旨在控制好烟草销售。
2012年考研英语真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Y et, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psyc hology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in V ermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of V ermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its V ermont Y ankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought V ermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in V ernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to V ermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both V ermont Y ankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the V ermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do havesome regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that V ermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in V ermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) review s the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from V ermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the V ermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] V ermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s c onceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionist s in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the pre sident of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. Y ou are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of whatthey are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Y et for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that itmight entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.Y ou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsY ou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)参考答案Section I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A18.C 19.D 20.DSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A24.C 25.D26.C 27.D 28.A29.D 30.A31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了 G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“ the people they liberated ”中they也指代men and women，他们有由此推断“ the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 意思，所以选 B 。
liberate 的动作，有“服兵役”的A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演” ； C项rebel意为“造反，反抗” ；D项betray意为”背叛，出卖” ，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】 B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“ grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。
A 项actual意为“实际上，事实上的”；C项special意为“特殊的，专门的”；D项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】 A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，who（ the guy），宾需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是语是all the burdens of battle ，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词所以这里选 A ， bore。
2012年考研英语翻译答案及解析
2012年考研英语（一）翻译部分答案及解析46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see.46. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。
47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.47. 在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。
48）To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性，以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。
49）The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言（尤其是语序方面的）共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
2012考研英语阅读2翻译
2012阅读：Text 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.协议就是协议——但显然的，Entergy公司就是个例外。
该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供应商。
当它上星期宣布将违背“遵守严格的核安全条例”这一长期许诺时，在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，这种愤怒合乎情理。
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.然而，Entergy公司恰恰做出了它过去一直承诺不会做的事：在联邦法庭上，质疑佛蒙特州核规则的合宪性。
这是它为了使佛蒙特州扬基核电厂继续运营而做出的拼死努力的一部分。
这是一个惊人之举。
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.当2002年时，公司在弗农买下佛蒙特州仅有的核电厂，一个日渐老化的反应堆，这场争议便已浮出水面。
2012年考研英语一完型选项翻译
恢复
变弱
建立
消灭
4. [A] challenged
[B] compromised
[C] suspected
[D] accepted
挑战
违背
怀疑
接受
5. [A] advanced
[B] caught
[C] bound
[D] founded
促进
逮住
约束
创立
6. [A] resistant
[B] subject
[C] immune
[D] prone
对抗的
受支配的
免疫的
很可能做
7. [A] resorts
[B] sticks
[C] leads
[D] applies
诉诸于
坚持
导致
应用
8. [A] evade
[B] raise
[C] deny
[D] settle
逃避
提出
否认
解决
9. [A] line
同意的
负有责任的
20.[A]by all means
[B] at all costs
[C] in a word
[D] as a result
务必
无论如何
总之
结果
[B] satisfy
[C] upset
[D] replace
服务
满足
使苦恼
取代
13.[A] confirm
[B] express
[C] cultivate
[D] offer
确认
表达
结交
提供
14.[A] guarded
2012年英语一真题翻译
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English最近对最高法院法官的道德判断成为一个重要的话题。
当法官像政治家一样行事时，法院就不能维护其作为法律原则守护者的合法性。
然而，在一些事例中，法官行事的方式损害了法院独立、公正的名誉。
例如，法官Antonin scalia出席了政治活动。
这种行为使得法院的审判更有可能被认为是不公正的。
部分问题在于法官没有受到道德规范的约束。
至少，法院应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。
这个以及其他类似的案例提出了这样的问题：在法院和政治之间是否仍然存在着界限？宪法的制定者们设想法律拥有独立于政治之外的权力。
他们给予法官永恒的地位，故法官不再会忌惮当权者，也没有必要寻求政治支持。
我们的法律体系被设定为使得法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这二者是如此紧密相连的。
宪法具有政治性，这是因为它源于那些根植于诸如自由、财产之类的基本社会概念中的选择。
当法院处理社会决策问题时，它所适用的法律不可避免地会带有政治性。
这也就是为什么偏离思想路线的决策这么轻易地被视为是不公正的而不予考虑的原因。
法官必须通过他们对行为规范负责的方式来解决对于法院（审判的）合法合理性的质疑。
这可能会使得审判看上去更加与政治相独立，因此，像法律一样令人信服。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1“来吧，每个人都在这么做。
”这个半邀请半强迫的耳语似的信息，是大部分人在听到“同龄压力”这个词语时所想到的。
这个词语常常会导致不好的事情，如酗酒、嗑药和滥交。
但在她的新书——《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为通过她所称之为的社会疗法，同龄压力也可以成为一种正面的力量。
在这种社会疗法中，机构和官员利用集体动态的力量来帮助个人改善他们的生活，并且可能改变这个世界。
普利策奖的获得者，Rosenberg提供了许多正在进行中的社会疗法的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“Rage Against the Haze”（愤怒面对烟雾）的由政府发起的禁烟行动，决心使得香烟不再受人欢迎。
2012年考研英语(一)真题参考答案
一. 完型填空1--5 BABDC 6--10 BDBAB 11--15 ACCDA 16--20 CACDD二. 阅读答案21--25 DBACD 26--30 CDADA 31--35 ABBDC 36--40 CDBCA三. 新题型答案41. C 42. D 43. A 44. F 45. G四. 翻译参考译文46. 在物理学上，一种方法(物理学上的一种方法)把这种统一性的冲动发挥到了极点，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即唯一的一条为我们都明白的一切东西所创造或生成的公式/方法。
47. 在这里，达尔文的理论似乎提供了一个理由或依据，因为如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化多样性也能够追溯到更多可控的起源，持这样的观点似乎是有道理的。
48. 从我们的共性中过滤出独特性能够让我们理解复杂的文化行为是怎样出现的，以及用进化或认知的概念来说，是什么在引导这种文化行为。
49．由约华格林伯根提出的第二个观点，采取了一个更为经验主义的普遍性方法，识别出了许多语言所共有的特征(特别是词序方面)，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制所造成的偏见。
50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该说明了语言变化的模式，这些模式和语言这个家族或通过这个家族所追溯的这个路径是无关的，而格林伯根的普遍性预测了某些特定词序关系之间紧密的相互依赖性。
五. 作文参考范文51. 小作文参考范文(参见作文冲刺班课程授课内容和讲义第24页写法)Dear my friends,I am writing this letter to welcome you to our university on behalf of our Students’ Union. I expect you to arrive here with increasing joy as well as excitement. It is of great pleasure to anticipate your coming soon.As foreign students, you will find everything on our campus quite different, fresh and alien. Therefore, after arriving, you can take full advantage of every opportunity to communicate with us directly to bridge the gap. To be more specific, the climate in Beijing is considerably different from your hometown, but you will soon get accustomed to living here. Finally, I hope to accompany you and introduce some special or unique campus characteristics and cultures so as to let you be better acquainted with/understand our campus life.We shall strive to make your stay or visit as pleasant as possible by providing the best service as well as support for you. All of our students are looking forward to your early coming eagerly.Yours sincerely,Li Ming52. 大作文 Sample WritingAs is apparently drawn in this miniature, in the middle stand two individuals, one feeling gloomy while the other optimistic. The Chinese characters above inform our readers of the message that various folks take different attitudes toward the same event. （参见黄涛冲刺班作文讲义第8页第一段首句必杀句型）How impressive this drawing seems to be in depicting one of the most prevalent themes that attitudes make everything in our life.After careful reflection and mediation, we examinees come to understand the enlightening drawing. I contend that this thought-provoking image conveys one profound layer of implication concerning attitude or optimism. It is universally acknowledged that life is by no means perfect and whether we feel optimistic or not depends on what attitudes we take. (参见黄涛冲刺班讲义第3页作文经典句型必备)When confronted with an adverse situation, some youths feel in low spirits and fall into depression. Others, on the contrary, look at the positive side of the situation and remain cheerful. As a consequence, it is our attitude rather than the situation itself that determines how we feel. (参见启航冲刺讲义第13页第30个段落正反论证法)In my personal sense, the message applies to our youths especially. In such a rat-race society, everyone is bound to encounter hardships and difficulties. In this sense, I should keep an optimistic attitude to pullthrough any hardship. Just as a famous figure puts it, it is our attitude that has changed everything in our life. （参见作文冲刺讲义第7页作文九大高分句式之引用名人名言）更多经典高分句型可以参考40页的黄涛作文冲刺资料，按照自己喜欢的背诵的高分句子来造就自己的高分作文。
《英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题详解-第1章 《英语翻译基础》考试指导【圣才出品】
第1章《英语翻译基础》考试指导全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试总共有四门考试科目：《政治理论》，总分100分；《翻译硕士英语》，总分100分；《英语翻译基础》总分150分；《汉语写作和百科知识》，总分150分。
《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质。
本章通过对《英语翻译基础》考试大纲的解读以及对《英语翻译基础》试题的分析，引导考生了解宏观备考方向，并为考生提供具体可行的备考方法，使考生成功迈出《英语翻译基础》备考之旅的第一步。
1.1 《英语翻译基础》大纲解读全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才的教育目标，制定了全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲，其中，《英语翻译基础》考试大纲具体内容如下：一、考试目的《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平。
二、考试性质及范围本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试的范围包括MTI 考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。
三、考试基本要求1．具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
2．具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。
3．具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的英汉/汉英转换能力。
试题分类参见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容：本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和英汉互译。
总分150分。
I．词语翻译1．考试要求要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。
2．题型要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。
汉/英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。
山东科技大学英语翻译基础考研真题2018—2019年
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语翻译基础试卷I.Directions:Translate the following phrases into their target language respectively.There are altogether20phrases with one point for each in this part of the test.(20points)1.IOC2.OPEC3.NATO4.IMF5.UNICEF6.fair and square7.greenhouse effects8.blue chip9.science fiction10.light manners11.贸易顺差12.金融危机13.战略目标14.生态保护15.电脑病毒16.联合国秘书长17.全国人大18.条形码19.团圆饭20.象牙之塔II.Directions:Translate the following sentences into their target language respectively.There are altogether10sentences with3 points for each in this part of the test.(30points)21.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.22.Each country,whether it is large or small,has right to determine its ownform of government and its own course of development,free of outsideinterference or domination.23.Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free fromsuspicions,and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.24.The meetings were marked by such absence of lively discussions that attimes they were almost on the point of breaking up.25.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change,growth andinnovation are the norm.26.欧洲人的习惯随着超市、购物中心和汽车的增多，以及住房的现代化而发生了变化。
2012年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。
讲述了身为草根的G.I.Joe，成长为美国对外战争中一名战斗勇士。
第一、二段介绍了一个普通人G.I.Joe的生活背景及在美国和其他国家战争中的英勇表现从而获得美国政府的奖励。
第三段指出G.I.Joe为代表的普通士兵们对和平和安定的平民生活的渴望。
试题解析Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy，the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guywho__3__all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the__4__of food and shelter，who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid，__5__an average guy，up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries.【译文】数以百万计的美国人和外国人将G.I.Joe视为毫无头脑的战争玩偶，看作美国军事冒险主义的象征，但在过去事实并非如此。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
高级翻译两套真题
2012-2013第一学期A卷一 Translate the following phrases into chinese（10%）1.Chain reaction 连锁反应2.Over production 生产能力过剩3.Adopt measures 采取措施4.A castle in the air 空中阁楼5.Under a heavy load 在重荷之下6.Convert wastes into useful materials 废物利用7.Without loss of time 不失时机8.A favorable environment 良好的环境9.Polite society 上流社会10.Backwardness 落后状态二 Translate the following phrases into english（10%）11.身体状况良好 in good shape12.同舟共济 to be in the same boat13.花钱如流水 to spend money like water14.难忘的记忆 lasting memory15.基础建设 infrastructure16.想方设法 utilize every possibility17.如图所示 as shown in figure18.官方流通货币 the official currency19.金融危机 financial crisis20.国家创新体系 a national innovation system三 Translate the following sentences into chinese（30%）21．The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost word of Egypt考古学家用神奇的铁铲把整个古埃及都发掘出来了/展现在我们面前。
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1378330584
1378330584 I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology
into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points) 1. WTO 2. APEC
With an immense effort of will, I modulated my voice. “All right,” I said. “You’re a logician. Let’s look at this thing logically. How could you
9 choose Petey Burch over me? Look at me — a brilliant student, a 52 tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey — a 79 knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is 78 coming from. Can you give me one logical reason why you should go stead 50 with Petey Burch?” Q1 Source Text 3(60 points):
3. EMS
4. FBI
5. GPS
6. FOB
7. IPA
8. NATO
9 9. Genetic mutation 52 10. somebody’s cup of tea 79 11. give the floor to 78 12. the transference of the title of property 50 13. most favored nations QQ1 14. Intellectual Property Rights
15. down payment
询
16. 春运
咨
17. 国际惯例
导
辅 18. 骑虎难下
士 19. 老人节
硕 20. 中国十佳宜居城市 译 21. 联合兼并 翻 22. 留职停薪 育 23. 优惠关税 教24. 红白喜事 育明 25. 安居工程
26. 闭路电视
1668816048
27. 世博纪念品
28. 入境签证
29. 保税区
30. 不正之风 II. Directions: Translate the following three source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120
1378330584 points)
Source Text 1(30 points): They were Senegalese, the blackest Negroes in Africa, so black that
sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms, their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood, and every tin hat
个究竟。这时孟母耐心地对他说：“你学习半途而废，就如同我把这本 来可以织成完整的一匹布割断是同一个道理。”母亲的谆谆教导，深深 地印在孟子的脑海之中，从此他发奋图强，刻苦读书，终于成了战国时 期，也是我国历史上著名的思想家、教育家。
QQ1507879529 询 咨 导 辅 士 硕 译 翻 育 教 明 育
1668816048 seemed to be a couple of sizes too small. It was very hot and the men had
marched a long way. They slumped under the weight of their packs and the curiously sensitive black faces were glistening with sweat. Source Text 2(30 points):