英语:被动语态
高中英语被动语态知识点
高中英语被动语态知识点语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语被动语态知识,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!高中英语被动语态知识十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态:do被动语态:am is are doneWe clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2. 一般过去时主动语态:did被动语态:was were doneWe cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗?How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱?3. 一般将来时主动语态:will shall do被动语态:will shall be doneWe will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。
英语语法被动语态总结
英语语法被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例Theproject will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
被动语态的用法归纳总结
被动语态的用法归纳总结一、概念和基本结构被动语态是英语中的一种句子结构,表示主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
通常由以下形式构成:be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词。
二、被动语态的用途1. 突出某个动作或事件的接收者,强调对象。
2. 强调对主语造成影响或结果的行为,而非行为本身。
3. 当无须提及或不知道执行者时使用。
4. 在科学研究和实验报告中经常使用被动语态。
三、被动语态的时态变化1. 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词例:The car is washed every week.每周都会给这辆车清洗。
2. 现在进行时:am/is/are being + 过去分词例:The house is being painted by the workers.工人正在油漆这座房子。
3. 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词例:The book was written by Mark Twain.这本书是马克·吐温写的。
4. 过去进行时:was/were being + 过去分词例:The crops were being harvested when the storm hit.暴风雨袭击时农作物正在收割。
5. 一般将来时:will be + 过去分词例:The package will be delivered tomorrow.这个包裹明天将被送到。
6. 现在完成时:has/have been + 过去分词例:The problem has been solved by our team.这个问题已经被我们的团队解决了。
四、主动语态和被动语态的转换1. 主动语态变被动语态把主动句的宾语移到前面作为被动句的主语,谓语动词改为相应形式的be动词,原主语成为介词by后的短语(可省略)。
例:Active: They built a new bridge last year.被动:A new bridge was built by them last year.2. 被动语态变主动语态将被动句的主语转化为主格作为主句的主语,谓语使用与原句中be表达时态、人称和数一致的动词原形。
英语被动语态用法总结
英语被动语态用法总结英语被动语态是一种常用的语法结构,它可以改变句子主动的行为和动作焦点,使得句子更具多样性、更富表现力。
被动语态的构成方式是通过谓语动词的变化,将其转化为被动形式。
本文将详细总结英语被动语态的用法,包括其构成、使用时的注意事项以及常见的用法场景。
一、被动语态的构成1. be动词:根据句子的时态和人称变化,常用的be动词有am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been等。
需要根据句子的主语和时态选择合适的be动词。
例如:- The book is being read by him.(现在进行时态)- The book was read by him. (过去时态)- The book has been read by him. (现在完成时态)2.过去分词:表示动作或状态的完成,常常是动词的过去分词形式。
过去分词的构成方式有规则形式和不规则形式。
例如:- Regular verbs(规则动词):cook-cooked, clean-cleaned, play-played等。
- Irregular verbs(不规则动词):go-gone, eat-eaten, do-done 等。
二、被动语态的使用时的注意事项在使用被动语态时需要注意以下几个方面:1. 动作的执行者:被动语态的句子通常省略或不明确表示动作的执行者。
如果需要明确动作的执行者,可以使用介词“by”加上动作的执行者作为介词短语的形式。
例如:- The cake was made by her.(动作执行者为her)- The report will be submitted by us.(动作执行者为us)2.句子主语:被动语态的句子主语通常是动作的承受者或受影响的对象。
因此,在主动语态中,如果句子主语是一个人或物,而且在被动语态中要强调受影响,则主语变为句子的宾语。
英语被动语态
英语被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线局部):His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,能够看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的使用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。
)The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。
)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。
)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
)He was awarded first prize in that contest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。
)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
英语:被动语态
英语:被动语态被动语态 (Passive Voice)语态(Voice),作为一个语法范畴,是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。
当主语为动作执行者即施动者时,动词用主动态;如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时,动词便用被动态。
例如:(1) John helped Peter.(2) Peter was helped by John.句(1) helped是主动态;句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的,而被动态是有标记的。
构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。
被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。
如:一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词;而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。
本册要掌握的被动语态形式有:一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词【e.g.】Football is played all over the world.I’m often asked to do this work.我常常被派做这项工作。
一般过去时:was/were +过去分词【e.g.】The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi’an.They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.When was the building completed?这座大楼什么时候建成的?一般将来时:will (shall) + be +过去分词be going to + be + 过去分词【e.g.】The result of the exam will be known soon.They are going to be given a difficult test.一般过去将来时:should(would) be+过去分词【e.g.】The teacher said the results would be published soon.He told me that the film would be shown the next week.现在进行时:am/is/are + being +过去分词【e.g.】The new airport is being built by a foreign company.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。
英语复习-被动语态
在英语口语中,get常与excited,worried,married,lost,caught,arrested,dressed,drunk 等
要点10 没有被动语态的动词
• • • • 有关表示“发生”概念的词,如:happen(发生),occur(发生),take place(发生、举行), break out(爆发)只能用主动语态:表示“拥有”“占有”的词,如:have,belong to(属于 ) 也只能有主动语态。此外,arrive(到达),suffer(遭受)等也不能用于被动语态。例如: It happened on the morning of April 1st.
•
• • • • •
这些照片是用一架非常廉 价的照箱机拍的。
试比较: He was killed by a falling stone. 他被一块掉下来的石头砸死了。(意外事故) He was killed with a stone. 他被人用石头砸死了。 (故意行为)
要点5 带有情态动词的被动结构
•
2) 主要动词(表示动作的词)
•
3) 主动语态变为被动语态必须外加助动词。主动语态与被动语态变化如下(以动词 make为例)
英语中有16种时态,但相应的被动语态只有10种。以动词make为例:
现在 is/am/are 过去 was/were 将来 will/shall be 过去将来 would be 进行 is/am/are was/were
要点7
• •
•
短语动词或称动词词组(如:look after照料,look up查,talk about谈论,pick up拾起) 本身带有介词或副词。在主动变为被动时,千万不能把这些短语动词附带的介词或副 词遗漏
英语被动语态总结
英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready tostart.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例:A new cinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例:A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done; was/ were going to be done; was/ were about to be done; was/ were to be to done一般将来时例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例:The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)例:He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
英语语法 被动语态
3 祈使句的被动态
(1)肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为: let+宾语+be+过去分词 (2)否定祈使句的被动语态结构为: don’t let+宾语+be+过去分词= let+宾语+not+be+过去分词 eg. Let us do it at once. (Let it be done at once.) Don’t forget to water the flowers. (Let it not be forgotten to water the flowers. =Don’t let the flowers be forgotten to be watered.) Note:1.疑问代词作主语时,改为被动语态要用“By+特殊疑问句”结 构 eg. Who invented the machine? (By whom was the machine invented?) 2.疑问代词作宾语时,改为被动语态要用疑问代词作主语 eg. What have you done to improve the quality? (What has been done by you to improve the quality?) 3反问疑问词改为被动语态时,把宾语改为主语 eg. He can jump over the wall, can’t he? (The wall can be jumped over by him, can’t it?
过去将来
should
be asked would
should
have been asked would
2 情态动词的被动语态
• 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动态时,结构为: • 一般形式:情态动词(can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need 等)+be+过去分词 • 完成式:情态动词(can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need 等)+have+过去分词 eg. This can be done by hand. The project might have been completed earlier. . They shouldn’t have been told about the plan.
英语被动语态
精心整理被动语态(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语:speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语现在被很多人使用。
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken一般过去时:was/were+spokenChinesewasspokenbynotmanyforeigners50yearsago.汉语在50年前鲜有外国人使用。
一般将来时:will/shallbe+spokenChinesewillbespokenbymoreforeigners.会有跟过外国人说汉语。
现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+spokenChineseisbeingspokenbytheforeigner.那个外国人正在说汉语。
过去进行时:was/werebeing+spokenChinesewasbeingspokenbytheforeignerwhenIarrived.当我到达时,那个外国人正在说汉语。
现在完成时:have/hasbeen+spokenChinese,includingmandarinandcantonese,hasbeenspokenforover1000years.包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。
过去完成时:hadbeen+spokenChinese,includingmandarinandcantonese,hadbeenspokenforover1000yea rsbytheendof2000.2000年之前,包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。
英语语法被动语态讲解
被动语态一、被动语态在各种时态中的结构一般现在时:be done(be随人称变化)一般过去时:was/were done一般将来时:will be done现在进行时:be being done(前面的be随人称变化,后面的being固定)过去进行时:was/were being done(being固定)现在完成时:have/has been done过去完成时:had been done过去将来时:would be done将来完成时:will have been done将来进行时:will be being done(being固定)将来完成进行时:will have been being done现在完成进行时:have been being done过去将来完成时:would have been done过去完成进行时:had been being done过去将来进行时:would be being done过去将来完成进行时:would have been being done二、被动语态的基本用法:被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系,当主语是动作的承受者时,就需要用到被动语态,汉语中所说的,“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子,在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。
在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。
被动语态中还可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。
也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语,被动语态常用在下列情况。
1、不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时,或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。
The glass was broken last night. 玻璃昨天被打破了。
His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了。
He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次。
2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。
英语语法:被动语态用法大全
英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法中的被动语态是我们常常用到的一种语句结构,下面就是我给大家带来的英语语法:被动语态用法大全,盼望能关心到大家!英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特别形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词“by +行为发出者”,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.学校英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种状况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dans bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
英语被动语态
英语被动语态概念:被动语态是表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子。
主动语态与被动语态可以相互转换。
转换方法包括将主动语态的宾语作为被动语态的主语,谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达不同的时态,以及将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将助动词置于主语之前,否定句是在第一个助动词后加not,特殊疑问句的语序为疑问词+一般疑问句。
被动语态的使用包括当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语;突出或强调动作的承受者时,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语;当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,常用in+名词作状语代替by短语。
在不同的时态中,主动语态和被动语态的表达方式不同。
例如,一般现在时的主动语态为am/is/are+P.P。
被动语态为Do they speak French?和They don't use the room。
一般过去时的主动语态为过去式,被动语态为The XXX。
现在完成时的主动语态为have/has+P.P。
被动语态为Have they been invitedto the party?和The book has been read by many people.A XXX XXX last year。
French is spoken by them。
The room is not used by them。
A new bridge is being built。
He isXXX the plan at that time。
She has learned many English words。
He has finished the work。
They have solved the problem。
Wehad told him the news by then。
初中英语知识点:被动语态
(三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:
Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?
Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗 ?
(一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:
Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?
Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?
(二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:
须在什么时候完成?
—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗? —Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。) —Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗? —Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)
语态: 是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。 语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态; 如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动 语态。 被动语态的构成: 被动语态的基本结构: 主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者) ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词 如:Trees are planted every year. ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词 如:The road is being repaired. ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词 如:The work has been finished. ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 如:The story was told by him. Many birds were killed last year. ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词 如: The new house was being painted when I got home. ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词 如: He told me that the work had been finished.
英语语法:被动语态用法大全
英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法中的被动语态是我们经常用到的一种语句结构,下面就是小编给大家带来的英语语法:被动语态用法大全,希望能帮助到大家!英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句) 构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,被动语态的构成是:be + 过去分词( + by + 动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词by +行为发出者,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going tobe mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him. 初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种情况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dans bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
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Famous Painting Stolen. 名画被盗。
Practice
主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。例如:This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
被动语态考点分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况:
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
其它用法补充
1.“It + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有:say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。
【e.g.】It is said that prices will rise again this month.
据说本月物价还将上涨。
It is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.
据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。
It is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.
一般过去将来时:should(would) be+过去分词
【e.g.】The teacher said the results would be published soon.
He told me that the film would be shown the next week.
You are requested to get here in time.
请您准时来这儿。
带行为主体的被动态
行为主体就是动作的执行者,即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中,往往不提及行为主体;但当强调动作的执行者时,可用介词by引出行为( by +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾,说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。
过去进行时:was/were being+过去分词
【e.g.】The song was being sung by the girls when I got there.
The student was being criticized when I went into the teacher’s office.
工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。
动词不定式:to be + 过去分词
【e.g.】 I’m glad to be asked questions.
It is impossible for lost time to be made up.
失去的时间不可弥补。
主要用法
【e.g.】The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi’an.
They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.
When was the building completed?
2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如:The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注:prove也可用于被动式,如:His answer(was) proved right.
析:complete是及物动词,“邮集”是被人完成的,须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来,所以此题答案为D。
(1) John helped Peter.
(2) Peter was helped by John.
句(1) helped是主动态;句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的,而被动态是有标记的。
构成
被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如:一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词;而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有:
They promised that ten books would have been published by the next month.
情态动词:情态动词 + be + 过去分词
【e.g.】 This road must be mended.
The machine parts may be needed in our work.
被动态常用于下列几种场合:
1.当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时(这时都不带由by引起的短语);
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。
The airplane was made in U.S.
Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。
2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有由by引起的短语);
The song was composed by a student.
这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。
Thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.
3. 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。
据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。
It is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.
2. 用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。
【e.g.】No Chinese spoken here.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有:hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如:The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较:The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被动式。
被动语态 (Passive Voice)
语态(Voice),作为一个语法范畴,是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时,动词用主动态;如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时,动词便用被动态。例如:
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart, make a face, keep silence, lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
将来完成时:will have been+过去分词
【e.g.】 By the end of next term 2000 English words will have been learned.
The building will have been built by next year.
现在完成时:has/have + bee n +过去分词
现在进行时:am/is/are + being +过去分词
【e.g.】The new airport is being built by a foreign company.
一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。