高中英语直接引语与间接引语讲义

地点状语
here → there this place → that place
其他（代词、动词等）
this → that these → those come → go borrow → lend can →could may →might must → had to
第五步 ：陈述句语序 （易错点） 直接引语的类型 间接引语的变化 例句
直 接 引 间接引语的变化
例句
语的类
型
陈述句
间接引语的引导词 that 可以省略；主句的引述词有
“I ’mleaving for Tokyo on business tomorro
say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announ w”, Mr. Smith said me.
连接词 → 人称 → 时态 → 状语 → 语序
第一步 ：连接词 1、 直接引语为陈述句，用 that. 2、 直接引语为一般疑问句，用 whether 或 if( 主句动词常为 ask) 3、 直接引语为特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词（ what, when, how 等） 4、 直接引语为祈使句，用 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth. e.g. (1)He said, “I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ”( 陈述句 ) He said that … (2)He asked, “Did you go to the Green Lake yesterday? ” He asked whether /if … (3)Don ’t makeso muchnoise, children! ”she said. She told the children not to makeso muchnoise.
第四步 ：状语的变化
时间状语
now → then ago → before today → that day yesterday → the day before tomorrow → the next day this evening → that evening next week → the next week last week → the week before the day after tomorrow → two days later
。1
。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." → Jack said that he was born on April 21, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时 , 表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语， 时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning. ” → Hesaid that he gets up at six every morning.
。
直接引语和间接引语
一、概念 ：直接引语指直接引用别人的话，故必须有引号；间接引语为转述别人的话，无引号。 e.g. Hesaid, “ I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ” ( 直接引语 )
He said that he had gone to the Green Lake the day before. ( 间接引语 ) 二、步骤 （如何把直接引语变为间接引语） ：
Mr. Smith told methat he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day.
疑问句
间接引语必须将疑问句语序
一般疑问句
由 if/whether 引导从句 He said to me, “ Do you often go to the cinema? ” → Heasked mewhether I often went to the cinema.
陈述句
间 接 引 语 的 引 导 词 that
可以省略；主句的引述词有
say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think 等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语
序。
“ I ’ mleaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow ” , Mr. Smith said me. →
第三步 ：时态的变化（ 引号内的内容向前推一个时态 ）
直接引语 间接引语
一般 现在 时 一般 过去 时
一般过去 时 过去完成 时
一般将来 时 过去将来 时
现在 进行 时 过去 进行 时
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
现 在完 成 时 过 去完 成 时
过去完成 时 过去完成 时
e.g. Hesaid, “ I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ” ( 一般过去时 ) He said that he had gone ... ( 过去完成时 ) 【注意】 以下几种情况时态 不变 ① 直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said , “The earth moves around the sun . ” → The teacher told methat the earth moves around the sun earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tomcameto see me” → Jack said that he was doing chores when Tomcameto see him
第二步 ：人称的变化 一般可以通过翻译来转化人称，也可以通过口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”来记忆。 e.g. Hesaid, “I went to the Green Lake yesterday. ” He said that he… 翻译出来为： （他说，“我昨天去翠湖了。 ” ），那么转换过来为： （他说 , 他昨天去了翠湖。 ）由此可见，翻译出来 后人称很好转化。