定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
语法专题十五 定语从句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通(教师版)
语法专题十五、定语从句考点精讲1.概念理解定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。
关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。
连接词有that，who，which 等。
I like the movie that/which is funny.先行词引导词I like the singer who is beautiful.先行词引导词【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系①引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。
所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。
✧正There are many places that we can visit in China.✧误There are many places that we can visit them in China.②先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。
This is the place that is famous for pandas.John reads books which are fun.2.如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句✧He is the thief. 他是那个小偷。
✧The thief stole my wallet. 那个小偷偷了我的钱包。
（两个简单句）✧He is the thief who/ that stole my wallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。
（一个复合句）通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：（1）把两个简单句合在一起。
He is the thief The thief stole my wallet.（2）合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。
He is the thief stole my wallet.（3）根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。
什么是定语从句先行词
什么是定语从句先行词什么是定语从句先行词漫长的学习生涯中，是不是经常追着老师要知识点？知识点是指某个模块知识的重点、核心内容、关键部分。
掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键！以下是店铺为大家收集的什么是定语从句先行词，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
什么是定语从句先行词？先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。
定语从句先行词位置：通常情况下，先行词和定语从句是挨着的，但是在不引起歧义的情况下，可以把定语从句和先行词分开，这叫分隔定语从句。
例：He is a student in my school who often helps others.先行词是student与从句分开。
因为定语从句的先行词是名词或代词。
所以这句话中有可能是先行词的词是He，student，school，但是从句的引导词who的先行词只能是人，所以排除school，再通过翻译，所以确定，先行词就是student。
从句没有和先行词挨着，因为我们经过判断知道了他要表达的意思。
所以从句可以和先行词分开。
定语从句语法精讲定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
定语从句
∙定语从句：担任定语动能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一部分。
∙定语从句的分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1．由that引导的定语从句一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。
如：The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。
如：This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
3．由which引导的定语从句which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。
定语从句什么是先行词
定语从句什么是先行词定语从句什么是先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词，在主句中充当一定的部分。
之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
下面是店铺带来的定语从句什么是先行词，希望对你有帮助。
概念：被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。
关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
一、在英语关系代词中，but，as，than作关系代词可以引导定语从句：but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含"否定"的意思，其作用相当于"that /which /who．．．not"。
它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
例如：There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
二、as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
例如：1.He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的`人。
2.Don’t read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。
定语从句先行词位置
先行词先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分.被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
This is the book which I am looking for.中的book是先行词,which是引导词.He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词.简单的说，就是和修饰宾语的词或从句，词就是先行词一、先行词与关系词A．什么是先行词被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
Don’t forget the book that I told you to bring. （the book为先行词）别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。
B．先行词与关系词的关系引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层）, 定语从句层（第二层）。
C．先行词与关系词的种类1. 常见的关系代词2.常见的关系副词二、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词间关系的紧密程度, 我们将定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
A.限定性定语从句限定性定语从句, 用来修饰和限定先行词, 与先行词间的关系非常密切, 它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特写的人或物, 从句用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况, 如果去掉, 则意思含混不清。
英语语法知识----词汇---定从
• E.g. Steel , which has many useful properties, • is widely used in the machine-building • industry. • Note: 非限制性定语从句还常常用来对前一句话 • 的整个意思的进一步的附加说明,此时其非 • 限制性定语从句用which来引导 • E.g. A six-year-old boy can speak three foreign • language, which surprises all the people • present. • Peter was admitted to the Harvard University, • which makes his parents very excited.
• • • • • • • •
C 4. Mike, __ we expected, attended the meeting. a. whom b. who c. as d. which 5.The woman ____you shook hands just now d is head of the company. a. who b. that c. of whom d. with whom 6. The factory produces half a million pairs of a shoes every years, 80%____are sold abroad. a. of which b. which of c. of them d. of that
• 定语从句中的关系副词
• 1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，它的先行词是 • 表示时间的名词 • E.g. July and August are the months when • the weather is cold in Newzealand. • 七八月份是新西兰天气很冷的月份 • 2. where在定语从句中作地点状语，它的先行词 • 必须是表示地点的名词 • E.g. A stone marks the spot where the treaty • was signed. • 有一块石头标致着那个签订条约的地方。 • （ where修饰spot.)
高中定语从句总结
做时间状语 做地点状语 做原因状语
关系代词的用法
关系代词指代的是先行词 • 1. who、whom who在从句中做主语、宾语；whom在从句中做宾语，可省略。
例：Mark was another teacher who was very influential. 马克是另外的一位非常有影响力的老师。 Mark had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. 马克打算找到四位既能唱歌又能表演的乐手。 These are the workers (whom) he employs. 这些事他雇佣的工人。
• 2.where 指地点，在从句中做地点状语。其先行词为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country… 例：Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily. 请把书放在容易找到的地方。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国是个诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
非限制性定语从句
• 起补充附带说明作用，其前后都需要逗号隔开。 例：My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那一幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. 这个短息是Tom留下的，不一会儿前他还在这 里。
• 3. which which指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语。 例：However, there are still two othe还有其他两种凶猛的鲨鱼。 This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这正是你在找的书。
定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词
1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词关系副词起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who 的情况：a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those 时，关系代词用who。
Anyone who goes there will be punished.b. 在there be 开头的句子中。
There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.d. 在非限定性定语从句中。
She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.2) 指物时宜用that 的情况：a. 当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.d. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,从句跟在先行词后面。 定语从句的构
(2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能 用that。 This is the book which/that I’m looking for. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
3. The musicians were very popular. They worked with the musicians.
The musicians with whom they worked were very popular.
高考链接
1. George Orwell ______ was Eric Arthur, D wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 解析：答案D。whose引导定语从句时，只 能在从句中作定语，其他各项均构不成定 语从句。
关系代词之物时只用which不用that的情况1关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which但当介词在从句句尾时两者皆可
有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个 名词或代词并起定语作用的从句，叫定语从句。定语 从句所修饰的词叫先行词，从句跟在先行词后面。 定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语 序，关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词 有双重功能，一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词，把从 句与先行词连接起来；另一方面引导出从句并在从句 中充当某种句子成分。 The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.
先行词：指定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：指位于定语从句之后,连重点
As引导的定语从句
As作关系代词可以引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语句。 一、as引导的限定性定语从句 As引导限定性定语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用于固定 搭配：such……as……; the same ……as……; so+adj./adv.+n.单数+as……
e.g.(1)I’ve never heard such stories as he told us.(作told的宾语） (2)Tom is wearing the same coat as I bought yesterday.
As引导的非限定性定语从句：
As引导的非限定性定语从句，常用来指代上文一整句话的内容，含有“正如、正 像”之意，可译为“这一点”。常常放置在主句的句首、句中、句末；也常出现 在一些惯用语中。如：
①as we (all) know = as is known to us/all “众所周知” ②as we/every can see =as can be seen “据我们所看到的” ③as has been mentioned/said above “被提到/谈(说)到” ④as has been expected/reported/announced/proved/pointed out“被料到/报导/证明/指出” ⑤as often happens ⑥as is turned out ⑦as is often the case “情况常常是这样(as指代上文一整句话的内容)” e.g. As is often the case ,he came late again.
注：whose+名词= ① of which/whom the+n. ② the+n.+of which/whom e.g.(1)This is Tom, whose mother is a teacher. =①the mother of whom is a teacher. =②of whom the moth词 先行词 在从句中的作用 When(=in/on/at+which) 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 Where(=in/on/at+which) 表示地点的名词 作地点状语 Why(=for+which) reason 作原因状语
定语从句先行词的判断
定语从句先行词的判断定语从句先行词的判断大家知道定语从句先行词的判断方法吗？以下是店铺分享的定语从句先行词的判断方法哦，欢迎参考！定语从句先行词的判断方法【1】先行词是名词或代词,如果名词或代词后面有修饰它们的句子且它们在句中充当某一成分,它们就是先行词.把先行词还原到从句中,就能判断做什么成份.如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行词是day)从句=I first went to school on the day.(on the day 在从句中作状语=when)I will never forget the day that was very special to me.(先行词是day)从句=The day was very special to me(the day 在从句中作主语=that/which)定语从句先行词的判断方法【2】关于先行词这个问题,你先忘了英语,全部忘掉,我们先来看看中文中的修饰语,道理是完全一样的,只要你明白了中文的修饰语用法,英语自然也就会了.比如：一个非常漂亮的女孩我去年逛过的城市长着一头长发的女孩我们先来分析：上面三个是什么结构,你一看就知道,是名词结构（或代词）,只不过加了一些修饰词做定语修饰主要名词,对吗?OK,英语定语从句意思搞定：“就是用英文句子来修饰先行词”就更简单的一句话说就是：“定语从句就是形容词”,修饰前面的名词或代词.明白吗?（翻译为………的先行词）,不同的是英语定语从句要后置.一个非常漂亮的…………（女孩）我去年逛过的…………（城市）长着一头长发的…………（女孩）OK翻译：Agirl（名词或代词）who is very beautiful（英语句子做修饰词相当于形容词）Agirl who is very beautifulThe city(名词） I visited last year=形容词The city I visited last yearA girl （名词）who has long hair.（形容词）.A girl who has long hair好了,现在你不需要学习什么英语从句是代词还是副词,什么样的引导词等,现在只有一个理念你要明白,这非常重要,是框架,记住“定语从句就是形容词”紧跟先行词,一定翻译为…………的先行词,这是亘古不变的,打死印在脑海里!【拓展内容】定语从句先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。
定语从句中的先行词
定语从句中的先行词定语从句中的先行词什么是定于从句，定语从句的先行词有哪些呢?下面是店铺整理的定语从句中的先行词，欢迎大家阅读参考，希望帮助到大家。
定语从句中的先行词定语从句，是用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。
被修饰名词或代词在定语从句前面，称为先行词。
引导定语从句的连词，称为关系词，关系词包括关系代词与关系副词。
1. 一个词(名词或代词)【真题例句】For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances ,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.【考点】Who 引导定语从句修饰前面的名词acquaintances。
【翻译】不过，要出现某个社会潮流，每个被这样影响的人必须接着去影响自己认识的人，而这些人反过来再去影响他们认识的人，如此循环下去。
其他人中有多少人注意到这些人，几乎与最初的影响者没有什么关系。
2. 一个短语【真题例句】During the past generation, the America middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.【考点】句子的主干是the America middle-class family...has been transformed 。
高中英语定语从句要点
高中英语定语从句要点定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词的用法见下表：什么时候用that不which 什么时候用that不用who/whom什么时候用which不用that 什么时候用who/whom不用thatas和which引导的非限制性定语从句关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有WHAT；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
限制性和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否紧密, 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句往往紧跟在先行词后，不使用逗号分开。
而非限制性定语从句，一般使用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.特殊情况1.只能用that不能用which的情况①先行词是不定代词all, something, anything, everything, none, the one, little, much等时, 要用that, 而不用which．All that heard the news was delighted.所有听到这个消息的人都很高兴．Is there anything that I can do for you?我能为您做点什么？②先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which．He was the best king that ever ruled the country．他是曾统治过这个国家的最好的一位国王．③先行词前有序数词修饰时, 要用that, 而不用whichThis is the fifth book that I have ever written．这是我写好的第五本书．④先行词前有形容词only, very, few, little, no, right等修饰时, 要用that, 而不用which．She was the only person that was invited to the palace．⑤先行词既指人, 又指物时, 只能使用that.They talked about things and persons that they remember at school．他们谈论了他们记起的上学时的人和事．2.只能用which不用that的情况：①在非限制性定语从句中．She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise．她取得了很大进步并获得了奖金, 这使我们很惊讶．②在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中, 必须使用whichThis is the knife with which John hurt somebody．这就是约翰伤人的那把刀．3.在下列情况下, 多用关系代词who, 而不使用that：①先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people等时．Those who are from Qingdao come this way．从青岛来的人, 这边走．②当先行词后有较长的后置定语时, 或定语从句被分隔时．A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German．明天就要来一位老师, 他将教你们德语．③当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时, 关系代词多使用who．Is there anybody else who should be invited?还有没有要邀请的别人呢？难点1.关系代词as引导的定语从句1.关系代词as可引导限制性定语从句，指代某个词(先行词)，只用于such…+名词+as…和the same…+名词+as…两句型中。
高中英语语法：定语从句知识点
高中英语语法：定语从句知识点在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that 和关系副词when、where、why等。
一、关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：1）用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
2）关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。
3）关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
1、作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。
（引导词that在句中作主语）The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。
（引导词who在句中作主语）2、作宾语在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。
（引导词that，可省略）The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
（引导词which，可省略）3、作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。
注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。
The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。
（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
定语从句专项讲解与练习 (1)
定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。
如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。
I love the pretty girl.如果要表达：那个喜欢我的女孩。
只能借助于定语从句the girl who loves me.其中the girl即为定语从句的先行词，而who即为定语从句的关系词。
指人：who、whom关系代词指物：which、as（作主宾表）指人和物:that,whose关系词表时间：when关系副词表地点：where（作状）表原因：why1、who指人，who在从句中当主语。
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
The teacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office.中文意思：____________________________________________________________________❖作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。
2、whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，前面没有介词时，可用who/that来代替，也可省略。
The girl ___________________ I like isn’t here now.中文意思：____________________________________________________________________The doctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is very famous.中文意思：____________________________________________________________________The person ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher.中文意思：____________________________________________________________________3、whose指“谁的”，或“某物的”，在从句中作修饰词。
定语从句的用法
定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1．作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3．作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。
定语从句用法(含例句及解析)
1.定义:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词作用:连接主句和从句; 指代先行词; 在从句中充当句子成分。
3.分类:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。
4.关系词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词: when, where, why关系代词的具体用法见下表 :关系代词that which who 先行词人、物物人在从句中所做的成分主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语主语、宾语whom 人宾语whose 人、物定语as 人、物主语、宾语、表语指人也可指物, 在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
million.每年来游览这座城市的人的数量达到了 100 万。
(指人, 作主语)这就是他在找的那个手提箱。
(指物, 作宾语)指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
They ignored the might account for the accident.他们忽略了那些或许可以解释事故发生原因的细节。
(作主语)指人, 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
We我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。
(作主语)丹尼正是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
(作宾语)指人, 在定语从句中作宾语，可省略 , 也可用 who 代替。
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
(作宾语)既可指人也可指物, 表"所属"关系, 在定语从句中作定语。
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。
(作定语)①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
The film (that/ which) we saw it last night was very frightening.(×)The film (that /which) we saw last night was very frightening.( √)②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
语法复习练习：定语从句
初中英语语法复习练习：定语从句-----郑州十一中北校李本华一．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
位置在所修饰的词之后。
例如：1).You said you couldn’t understand people who talked too fast.2).Tom told his mother all that had happened.二．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。
如1）,2）中的people, all 。
三．关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的词，叫关系词。
如1），2)中的who, that。
1.关系代词：that which who whom whose 四．关系词的分类：2.关系副词：when where why1.连接先行词和定语从句。
五．关系词的作用：2.代替先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分。
六．关系词的选择：1.当先行词表示的是人而且在定语从句中作主语时，一般选择关系代词that who 。
例如：The man that/who is talking with some parents is Mr. Smith.2. 当先行词表示的是人而且在定语从句中作宾语时，一般选择关系代词that who whom 。
但作介词的宾语而且介词在关系代词前面时只能选用whom , 而且whom不能省略。
例如：1)The boy (that/who/whom) we saw just now is Tom.2)The man with whom our teacher is talking now is Lucy’s father.3)I know the famous singer (that/who/whom) they are talkingabout .3.当先行词表示的是物或时间、地点，在定语从句中作主语或宾语、表语时，一般选择关系代词that which 。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
本章只介绍限定性定语从句。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：先行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.先行词指人时，关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。
如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。
如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。
如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。
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定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
本章只介绍限定性定语从句。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：先行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.先行词指人时，关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。
如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。
如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。
如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。
如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：who is the man that opened up the lab.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.A. who heB. whoseC. /D. who解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。
应选D 。
The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.A. which, thatB. that, whichC. which, whichD. that, that解析：先行词前有序数词，最高级时，引导次只能用that. 应选D.This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.A．has B. have C. is D. are解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。
The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.A. whoB. heC. whichD. whose解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.They thought too much about ______.A. which I had saidB. what I had saidC. that I had saidD. I had said解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应选B。
一、选择最佳答案填空：1．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were talking about ______ yesterday ?A. who, themB. its, themC. whose,/D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are notB. that have not beenC. that has notD. that has not been5. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.A. thatB. asC. whoD. which6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. who'sB. whoseC. thatD. of which7. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.A. AnyoneB. those whooC. HoweverD. The one who8. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.A. which, isB. whom, wasC. who , isD. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替主行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词…的’表示容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
如The man The book关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that这些词代替指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
在从句中所起作用如下：(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师2,Whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：(1)Prosperity which / that had ne ppears in te. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在从句中作主语）(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。
(which / that在从句中作宾语）whosewhose表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）例：A child whose parents are dead is called an arphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。
(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
（whose表示那个房子的窗户）关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从省略。
[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]2不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词wh放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；c被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；e)整个句中前面已有which，wh行关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ich (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)1. where是关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。