计算机专业英语_unit01计算机基础知识

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• One of the most significant contributions of the fourth generation of computer is the microprocessor. The microprocessor can be contained on a single silicon chip. The first fully operational microprocessor was invented in 1971. And they have been developing very fast. This device costs less than a soft drink and can be found in everything from lifts to satellites.
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Words and Expressions
• • • • • • • • • • manipulate [mə'nipjuleit] v. 操纵,利用,假造 [计算机] 操作 adding machine收款机 precursor [pri(:)'kə:sə] n. 先驱者,前导,先进者 philosopher [fi'lɔsəfə] n. 哲学家 mathematician [,mæθimə'tiʃən] n. 数学家 automatic loom 自动织布机 statistician [,stætis'tiʃ(ə)n] n. 统计学家,统计员 electrical contacts 电触头 census ['sensəs] n. 户口普查v. 实施统计调查 arithmetic operation 算术运算、算术操作
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The Third Generation of Computer (1964~1971) • On April 7, 1964, IBM announced their System 360 line of computers. It was considered to be the most important event in the history of computer. It is the beginning of the third generation of computer, which was characterized by the integrated circuit or IC.
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• • • •
The Analytical Engine Early Computers Electronic Computers Integrated Circuits
– Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with interconnecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size, and failure rate. The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit (microchip), with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
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The first generation of computer (1946 ~1958)
• The first generation of computer was characterized by the main feature of the ENIACvacuum tubes. Through 1950s, several other computers were built, each contributing significant advancements, such as binary arithmetic, random access, and the concept of stored programs. These computer concepts are common in today’s computers.
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The second generation of computer (1959~1964) • To most people, the invention of the transistor meant small portable radios. To those in the data processing business, it signaled the start of the second generation of computer. The transistor meant more powerful, more reliable, and less expensive computers that would occupy less space and give off less heat than did vacuum-tube-powered computers.
教学内容
• Text 1 The History of Computer’s development • Text 2 Kinds of Computers
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Text 1 The History of Computer’s development • Main Contents • Words and Expressions • Exercises
Computer English
计算机专业英语
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Unit 1 Computer Basic Knowledge
教学目标 教学内容
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教学目标 • • • • 了解计算机的发展简史 掌握计算机的分类方法 理解衡量计算机的性能指标 了解计算机的几大热门技术
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The expense item should be emphasized. During the first, second, and part of the third generations, the cost of a computer represented a significant portion of a company’s budget. Computers were expensive. Significant innovations have resulted in enormous increases in computer performance and obvious reductions in price. This trend, established with the introduction of second-generation computers, continues today.
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Generations of Electronic Computer
• • • •
The first generation of computer (1946 ~1958) The second generation of computer (1959~1964) The Third Generation of Computer (1964~1971) The Fourth Generation of Computer (1971~now)
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Words and Expressions
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• The compatibility problems of secondgeneration computers were almost eliminated in third-generation computers. In other ways, third-generation computers work so quickly that they provide the capacity to run more than one program concurrently. For example, at any given time the computer might be printing payroll checks, accepting orders, and testing programs.
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Words and Expressions
• • • • • • • • • rotating shaft 转轴 evaluated [i'væ ljueitid] adj. 估价的 analogue computing 模拟计算机 Mississippi River basin 密西西比河流域 incorporated [in'kɔ:pəreitid] adj.组成公司的,合成一体的 independently of 与...无关(不取决于) transistor [træn'zistə] n. 晶体管(收音机) integrated circuits 集成电路 fabricate ['fæ brikeit] v. 制造(装配,伪造)