从语言输入与输出假设看研究生英语教学

从语言输入与输出假设看研究生英语教学
从语言输入与输出假设看研究生英语教学

从语言输入与输出假设看研究生英语教学

[摘要]语言输入与输出理论研究一直是二语习得研究的一个重要领域。文章以语言输入与输出假设为依据,分析了我国研究生英语教学在语言输入与输出方面存在的问题,并提出了一些解决问题的建议,旨在提高非英语专业硕士研究生的英语实际运用能力。

[关键词]语言输入假设语言输出假设研究生英语教学

英语教学是我国研究生教育的一个重要组成部分。随着经济全球化、信息高速化,社会对研究生的英语水平,尤其是实际运用能力提出了更高的要求。然而,虽然多数研究生英语词汇量不小,可惜在真实的语言交际中,无法达到良好交流的目的。因此,如何改革研究生英语教学,以适应时代的发展,已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文以语言输入与输出假设为切入点,探讨我国非英语专业硕士研究生英语教学中存在的问题及对策。

一、语言输入与输出假设概述

语言输入假设是美国语言学家S.D.Krashen在20世纪80年代提出的颇具影响的二语习得理论。Krashen认为,语言输入是语言习得的必备条件,实现语言习得的理想条件是足量的可理解性语言输入。只有让学习者首先接触大量的语言输入材料,然后通过具体的交际情景和上下文理解意思,这样寓于交际语言中的句子结构才能被掌握,语言习得自然实现。Krashen尤其强调语言输入的可理解性。语言输入必须为学习者所理解,同时语言的输入必须能引起学生的兴趣或与学生的生活有联系,只有输入生动的富有感染力的语言,才有助于学习者对语言的理解和吸收,否则学习者将会失去学习的信心和积极性。

著名的加拿大第二语言教育专家Merrill Swain教授在1995年提出了与二语习得者的语言产出相关的假说——语言“输出假说”。她承认语言输入在二语习得中的作用,而可理解的输出对语言习得也非常重要。当学习者遇到交流困难时,他

在职研究生考试英语(翻译、作文)

Part VI Translation (10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answ et Sheet. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the suff erer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as t o seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don't feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Befor e long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover h ow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. Part VII Writing (15 points) Directions: Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of us ing the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according t o the outline given below: 1.我认为手机(不)可以用来学习英语或其他知识。 2.理由是…… 3.结论

英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背(语音部分)教师资格证

学科知识与教学能力笔记(英语) 一、语音考点 (一)元音Vowels 考点1:元音的舌位图 我们先来看看英语单元音的舌位图(P70)。图的左方为口腔的前部,右方为其后部。竖线把舌头分成前中后三个部分;横线表示牙床的开合程度,图中的圆点表示元音音素发音时舌头抬得最高的那一部分在口腔中的位置。 单元音可按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三类:前元音,中元音,后元音(back vowels )。 元音一般从四个方面进行描述:舌位(high, mid, low ),舌头最高部位的位置(front, central, back ),长度(long, short )或紧张度(tense, lax ),唇的开口度(rounded, unrounded ) 音标描述汇总: [i:] h igh front tense unrounded vowel [?] high front lax unrounded vowel [u:] high back tense rounded vowel [?]即[u] high back lax rounded vowel [З:]或[?:] central tense unrounded vowel [?] central lax unrounded vowel [e] mid-high front lax unrounded vowel [?] low front lax unrounded vowel [Λ] mid -low back lax unrounded vowel

[?:] mid-low back tense rounded vowel [?] low back lax rounded vowel [ɑ:] low back tense unrounded vowel 考点2:专有名词 基本元音 Cardinal Vowels 纯元音Pure Vowels/单元音 Monophthong Vowels 滑元音Vowels glides :There is an audible change of quality. ——If a single movement of the tongue is involved, the glides are called 双元音Diphthongs 如:[eI] from mid-low front to high front [aI] [?I] [??] [a ?] [I ?] [e ?] [??] 略 A double movement produces 三元音Triphthong 例如:tower 中[a ??] (二)辅音Consonants Consonants are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. Vowels 元音: produced without such obstruction so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived. 区别:the distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.阻塞气流。 考点1:Manners of articulation 发音方式 stops 爆破音 [p, b, t, d, k, g] nasal 鼻音 [m, n, ?] fricative 摩擦音 [f, v, θ, e, s, z, ∫, ?, h]、 approximant 近似音 [w, r, j ]、 lateral 边音 [l]、

考研英语 教案1

考研英语教案() .教学目的: .让学生有一个好的考研心态和备考计划 .让学生了解考试大纲规定的考查内容 . 教学内容: 1.考纲规定的考试内容 2.英语知识运用简述 . 教学时间: . 教学重点: .考试大纲对语言知识和语言技能的考查 .英语知识运用解题技巧 .教学难点: .考试大纲对语言知识和语言技能的考查 .英语知识运用解题技巧 .教学方法: ; , . 教学用具: , , . 教学步骤: ?考研热身(备考心态和备考计划) ?考纲考查内容概述 ?教学要求及其他 ?作业布置 大家好!随着新学期的到来,我们又开始了崭新的行程!面对眼前的人生

路,让我们感到的不该是茫然。相反,在这个知识爆炸、瞬息万变的世界中,我们应该让青春化作跳动的音符去唱出生命的天籁之音!让青春化作汹涌的江水奔腾入海!让青春化作燃烧的火焰跃动在人生的最前线!那么对于每一位考生朋友来说,究竟如何开始书写这崭新的一页呢?那就是:将考研进行到底!为我们年轻的心立下坚定的誓言,进行再一次无愧的选择! 下面,我将从备考心态和备考计划两个方面进行交流。 备考心态: 在和考生交流的过程中,我清楚地看到了大多数考生在心理上所存在的共性,这就是在春天的时候热情极高,夏天的时候血压升高,秋天的时候怨声载道,冬天的时候退出率高…… 究其原因主要有三点。 首先,大家必须记住,考研只是我们成长道路上所遇到的又一道壮丽的风景线!每个考生都应该正确地看待它。既然做出了无愧的选择,就必须清楚这种选择的意义。也可能会很不尽如人意,但必须冷静地面对。有些考生的心态非常好,他们认为意义在于过程,经过了方知备考考研过程其实也是我们人生旅程的真实写照。它里面充满了希望与绝望,坚定与惆怅,欢笑与泪水……难道它不值得每一个有思想的人去好好品味与体会么?所以说,考研是要求我和我所有的考生朋友们必须冷静并且无愧地去面对的。 其次,当决心下定后,考生朋友们一定要理智地去选择备考的方式,并不是说一定要花多少钱在参考书上。有些同学在春天就买了许多参考书,其实到了年底有许多书从来没有碰过!造成了浪费。其实参考书只能是一

硕士研究生班英语教学总结

硕士研究生班英语教学总结 27 期临床医学研究生1 班英语教学工作总结 2004-2005学年第一学期 任课教师:梁建莉 一、基本情况 27 期临床医学专业研究生班(注册学生人数93 人),为我校2004年招收的硕士研究生班。该班学生英语水平也呈两级分化,部分应届本科毕业生英语程度较好,历届生英语基础相对薄弱,但班级学风较好,到课率较高,班委具有一定的凝聚力和工作能力,能协助任课教师安排好各种英语课堂教学活动。 二、授课情况 本学期该班主体讲授教材为大学英语第五册,附加第五册同步练习。根据教学计划,每一课教学内容安排8课时完成,其中包括课文、词汇与结构、篇章结构分析、段落翻译以及命题作文。在组织教学上,本人力求打破“教师一言堂”或“教师满堂灌”的旧教学模式,采用学生讲课活动、自由设问与解答(根据课文内容)、英语自由演讲等各种形式,真正形成一个“以学生为主体、以教师为辅助”的英语教学新模式。其次,在整个教学中,本人采用了自制大学英语第五册多媒体系列课件授课的方式,以丰富的课文背景资料、生动形象的动画效果、与授课内容紧密相关的语音史料和影片等教学资料取代了乏味呆板的文字材料,使学生对所接触的英语教材有了生动形象的感性认识,从而激发了学生学习英语的兴趣,增强了参与班级语言教学活动的积极性和创造性。该系列课件的内容、形式和质量受到该班全体学生的高度赞誉。 本学期,除了按时完成计划内教学任务外,本人还与该班班委一同组织了以下班级英语

实践活动: 1. 2. 3.学生讲课活动 英语口试比赛(自由话题,学生评委打分)自由设问与回答(教师评分) 三、考试情况 1.卷面成绩分析 试题类别词汇填空阅读翻译作文期末成绩 2. 3. 比率15 10 40 20 15 100 平均成绩11.6 6.9 25.5 16.9 10.8 71.6 期末成绩分析 卷面成绩分数段100-90 89-80 79-70 69-60 59-50 49-20 学生人数:85 1 17 37 20 8 2 总评成绩分析 总评成绩分数段100-90 89-80 79-70 69-60 59-50 49-40 学生人数:85 0 35 40 9 0 1

在职研究生英语作文汇集(经典篇)

(一)1.目前金融危机正深深地影响到社会的方方面面 2. 人们对如何应对金融危机的不同看法 3. 你的看法 The Impact of Financial Crisis Presently, international financial crisis is becoming more and more serious, which has been influencing every part of our daily life. Job hunting is increasingly becoming difficult; food is getting more expensive; and people’s everyday living is much harder than before etc. As to how to deal with the crisis, people have different opinions. Some people hold a more positive view, who believe that the present crisis is not very serious, and we can overcome it in just a few years with the micro-control policy of our government. With the help of the government, living expenses will soon slow down. Things will get better, and we needn’t worry too much. But some other people take an opposite side. They believe that things are the other way round, and the present crisis is getting worse and worse. This crisis is worldwide and cannot be solved in a few years. People’s everyday life will become much harder. As for me, I have strongly felt the full negative impact this crisis has brought on me. Food in the supermarket is more expensive than that in the last few months; everyday expenses are getting higher. However, I don’t think this crisis is beyond control. I firmly believe that with the right policy of our government this crisis cannot outdo us. we should face this crisis calmly and do things with a more practical mind. (2)1.刚参加工作时遇到了哪些困难。 2.产生这些困难的原因。 3.如何克服这些困难。 The Problems I Had When I First Started to Work When I first started my work in an electronic company, I did meet with many problems. Two main problems are: I did not know how to conduct business with clients and customers and I had no idea about how to deal with a bargain and persuade them to take my offer. The second problem was that there was no room for me and I had to find a room far away from the company. It took me more than one hour on the way to the office and then came back. The reason for the first problem was that I had no practical experience and I needed to learn and practice. As for the second problem the company could not take care of every employee’s housing. And it was our responsibility to look after ourselves. To overcome these problems, I worked hard and learne d from any one modestly. After half year’s work I became experienced and began to make money. So I was able to rent a single apartment near my company. Now everything is all right to me. (3)1.合作的意义。 2.合作在工作中的重要性(举例)。 3.怎样培养合作的能力? The cooperation Cooperation means that people should work together smoothly for the purpose of mutual benefit. In the work they should help each other and learn from each other. They should have mutual respect, too. Cooperation is important in our work. Without it, we will fail. For example, two years ago, our institute managed to get a joint research project with a university in the south of China. At first everything went on all right. Then there was a misunderstanding and argument. Finally, the cooperation could not continue and the project failed. This example can show the importance of cooperation. I believe there are more examples. I think people should start to cultivate their sense of cooperation when they are very young. For example, in primary schools, pupils should be taught how to play with others, and how to study together. At university, students should be told frequently that in today’s world, individual is impossible to make big achievements, and they have to work or conduct research with others. Besides, they should be given a chance for team work. Then I think that people will be able to cooperate well with others.

初中英语教师课堂话语分析

初中英语教师课堂话语分析 摘要:作者针对农村地区初中英语教师对英语课堂话语知识比较匮乏的现状,通过对英语教师课堂话语的概念和功能的文献浏览,提出英语教师课堂话语的注意点:有效性、激励性、机智性和启发性。 关键词:英语课堂;话语知识;注意点;农村中学 在笔者所在的农村偏远地区中学,学生接触英语较晚(许多学生在初一之前未学习英语),基础较为薄弱;硬件设施不到位(多媒体教室、专业化语音室的匮乏);软件也不太令人满意(许多英语教师并非专业科班出身,而是经过培训之后改教英语学科,专业理论基础匮乏)。这些因素导致农村地区中学的学生英语学习水平普遍滞后,成绩远落后于城市中学学生,学习兴趣不高,两极分化现象非常严重。除了上述因素之外,笔者认为还有一个原因不可忽视,即许多初中英语教师对于课堂话语未引起足够的重视,在这方面“率性而为”,想怎么讲就怎么讲,想讲什么就讲什么,想在什么时候讲就在什么时候讲。课前没有深入思考、课中没有及时调整、课后没有认真反思,就会出现教师讲得“天马行空”,学生听得“云天雾罩”的现象,这样的课堂教学效果可想而知。 一、英语教师课堂话语的概念及功能 教师用于管理英语课堂与讲解英语课堂教学内容所用的话语称之为英语课堂话语。一般情况下,教师使用的主要话语应该是英语,但不排斥母语(程晓堂,2009)。课堂话语是英语教师实施教学的主要手段和媒介。英语教师课堂话语有如下功能,大致可以分为两类:一类与管理、组织教学活动相关,例如介绍教学目标、给予活动指令、维持课堂纪律等;另一类与教学内容相关,如导入新课、讲解语言点、提供语言输入等。 上述理论显示,英语教师的课堂话语在课堂教学中占有很重要的地位,为有效地组织课堂教学和引导学生积极思维并真正主动参与到课堂教学的整个过程中,英语教师有必要在自己的课堂话语的“质”与“量”上下足工夫,找到两者的平衡点,笔者结合教学实践总结出英语教师课堂话语的几个注意点。 二、英语教师课堂话语的有效性 笔者认为在学生刚接触英语的阶段,教师的课堂话语作为语言输入更加凸显出其重要性。教师的课堂话语应该紧密围绕教学主题展开,切忌跑题,而且课堂的教学时间十分宝贵,教师的课堂话语应该注重简练、扼要,不可拖拖拉拉。有些地方点到即可;有些地方适度展开,切勿发挥;有些地方当“惜墨如金”,无需多说的地方坚决少说,无需说的地方坚决不说。 笔者曾经听过本组一位英语教师的阅读课,该课选自《牛津初中英语》八年级上Unit 4 The story of Xi Wang。全文讲述一只大熊猫的故事(包括熊猫的体重、饮食、保护及自然习性等)。该教师设计导入环节如下。 T:在多媒体屏幕上打出一幅图画并提问:“Can you guess what animals are they?” S:Pandas. T:Are they beautiful?Do you like them? S:Yes,I have seen them in a zoo. T:Good,in which zoo did you see them?And what other animals did see there? S:… 该教师的课堂话语已经偏离了文章的主线,教师问学生在动物园还看见了别的什么动物,与本文主题“pandas”无关。如果继续讨论下去,就会离题万里。 三、英语教师课堂话语的激励性

西南大学在职研究生英语作业

Text 1 导语: 从教数载,你一定收到过无数的请假条,请假的理由五花八门:自个儿生病;父母亲生病;爷爷奶奶生病;小狗生病;小猫生病;跌倒摔倒;闹钟未响;车船晚点……等等等等。当然,这些理由真真假假。要当面揭穿孩子们的谎话还真不是件容易的事。等等!干嘛一定要当面揭穿?这不,Ralph Mckee V ocational School的写作课老师Frank灵机一动:与其当面让孩子难堪,何不将计就计?一堂创意写作课由此而生。其实,教学也需要创意,你说呢?让我们都跟本文的作者Frank学学吧! Text Excuses, Excuses1 2 Frank McCourt My students forge (编造)the notes. I turned them into a lesson plan. [1] I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at Ralph Mckee V ocational School in Staten Island, New York, when one of my students, 16-year-old Mikey, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before. [2] “Dear Mr. McCourt, Mikey?s grandmother who is eighty years of age fell down the stairs from too much coffee3 and I kept Mikey at home to take care of her and his baby sister so I could go to my job at the ferry(渡轮)terminal(航空站). Please excuse Mikey and he?ll do his best in the future.

2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析

2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析 考研教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for 7 Americans. Also,some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today,the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

小学英语语音教学

在语言教学中,语音占很重要的位置,语言就是用来交流的如果语音不准确会给交流带来很多障碍,甚至误解。而英语在我国作为第二语言来学习,有她的特殊性。首先,她不是母语,在学习中运用的地方不像母语那么多。其次,她现在低年级就开始教授,相比以前学生的学习特点有一定的特殊性。 一、了解小学英语单词语音教学的特殊性 以前有很多学者都认为在小学低年级最好不要先学习音标,尤其不要集中地学习音标。 那么是不是就靠老师反复的领读,学生听后模仿,教师纠正来解决镀银的问题呢? 我们都知道人的大脑都有先入为主的特点,即指先听进去的话或先获得的印象往往在大脑中占有主导地位,以后再遇到不同的意见时,就不容易接受。如果学生第一遍听得读音是不正确的,或是听得不清楚有误差的,那么要去纠正他是非常的困难的。所以小学英语单词语音教学有一定的特殊性。 在教学中我们常常会发现,同样教一个单词,总有几个学生不能很好的模仿老师的发音,导致发音不准确。要解决这个问题,只有让学生掌握发音规律。当然小学阶段不要一开始就讲语言知识、语言规则,更不要学生记规律条文,而是要分不同阶段逐步的渗透语音教学。如:低年级的孩子学习英语,应该在掌握了一定单词之后,通过“自然拼读法”,渗透发音规律。 二、在不同阶段进行不同的程度的语音教学 低年级可根据汉语拼音进行辅音字母发音规律的渗透,不能让初学者只单纯地靠行为习惯、机械模仿、鹦鹉学舌的方式来学习掌握英语,否则就将低估学生的认知能力,抑制学生的积极主动性,使学生养成学习英语有口无心的习惯。初次学习字母,在教学了某个字母后可以给出一组由这个字母开头或含有该字母的单词,让学生在认读过

程中,初步感知该字母在单词中的发音,尤其是辅音。比如教学了字母 b 后,给出一组单词 book 、box 、boy 、bag ,然后请学生认读,初步感知字母 b 在这些单词中的发音。类似的发音还有很多。如汉语拼音中的 b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h、s、z、等,发音就类似于英语中的辅音[b] 、[p] 、[m] 、[f]、 [d]、 [t] 、[n]、[l]、 [g] 、[k] 、[h]、 [s]、 [z]。学生借助于已有的汉语拼音知识去学习相关的英语语音,就会减轻学习的负担,使学习由难转易,同时也有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,避免呆板、枯燥的死记规则。而对比英、汉语音间的不同点,可以使学生引起注意,防止出错。 从中年级开始我们要帮助学生有效的拼读和记忆单词,避免死记硬背。记忆单词的方法有很多种,其中按音节拼读、记忆是保持有效记忆的一种较好的方法。我们仍旧以teacher 为例,可以这样引导:t-e-a, tea ,”c-h-e-r”,teacher。这样的引导,可以帮助学生以音节为单位进行记忆,是对字母组合等发音规律的一种实际运用。坚持这样的训练,一段时间后,学生即使对单词的拼写有所遗忘,但只要会读这个单词,他就能根据字母组合的发音规律回忆起来。而且这样的方法还便于学生今后按音节、举一反三地记忆单词。并进行元音字母发音规律的渗透。、 高年级则可渗透音标教学,这符合现行的英语课程教学标准。因此在教学新单词时不仅可以让学生试读,教师还可以板书音标,划分音节,再带领学生一起拼读出新单词,对一个单词中发音有难度的音节尤其需要这样的引导。 三、通过各种方式进行语音教学 (1)以旧带新? 对于刚学英语的低年级小学生来说,认读单词对他们来说极其困难,读完就忘是常有的事,以旧带新、音形义结合是最适合他们的记忆方法。如,在低年级中简单的

研究生 英语教学大纲

全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生课程教学大纲 课程名称研究生英语教学大纲 课程编号84201101 授课对象全日制教育硕士 课程类型学位基础课程 学时 36学时 学分 2学分 开课单位教师教育学院 制订时间二〇一二年九月 学科学位与研究生处制

研究生英语教学大纲 课程名称:英语 课程编号:84201105 英文名称: 授课对象:全日制教育硕士研究生 课程类型:学位基础课程 学时:36学时 学分:2学分 一、课程概述 (一)课程性质 《中小学教育研究方法》是教育硕士专业的一门学位基础课程,是教育管理方向、学科教学方向的必修课程。 (二)基本理念 该课程旨在向学生介绍教育研究的基本方法,提高应用教育理论研究和解决教育实践有关问题的能力,为我国教育的改革与发展培养具有研究素养的专家型教师。本课程要求学生结合学位论文的写作,主动参加教育研究实践,并在教育研究实践中,运用所学的内容,进行教育研究的选题、设计、实施的实际操作,提高运用教育科学研究方法的能力。 (三)设计思路 本课程教学包括原理讲授、案例分析、实践作业、实地研究几个模块。通过收集、整理、分析研究资料,体验研究过程,提升学生阅读文献、问题解决、逻辑思考、资料收集、整合分析、论说叙理等研究能力,养成独立思考、自我激励、克服困难、遵循研究伦理等研究态度。 二、课程目标

(一)总体目标 本课程是实践性与理论性并重的专业课程。课程目标是结合课程论文以及学位论文的写作,通过教育研究的选题、研究成果综述、研究设计、问卷设计与实施、课堂观察、行动研究以及学术论文的撰写等学习与实践,掌握教育研究的基本理论、一般步骤及主要方法,明确教育研究的基本程序与规范,提高运用教育研究方法的能力,从而提高运用教育理论分析和解决教育实践问题的能力,初步形成学生问题中心的研究意识和严谨认真的研究态度。 (二)具体目标 1、通过本课程的学习,学生初步了解教育研究的一般原理,基本掌握教育研究的一般过程和主要研究方法的程序性知识。 2、通过本课程的学习,学生学会科学地提出问题、阅读研究文献、形成理论假说、设计研究方案、编制和使用收集资料的工具与方法、使用统计工具和程序分析资料、撰写规范的科研论文、学位论文。 3、能够使用上述技能对他人和自己的研究成果进行评价。 非外语专业研究生英语教学大纲 一、总则 为了保证达到《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》中规定的外国语要求,进行非外语专业研究生外语课程的教学工作,特制定本大纲。 研究生外语教学的宗旨是为了使学生掌握外语这门工具,进行本专业的学习、研究与国际交流,为我国的社会主义建设服务。在教学中要坚持从实际出发、学以致用的原则,培养和提高研究生运用外语的能力。 二、教学对象 本大纲的教学对象是非外语专业的硕士研究生(以下简称硕士生)。 三、教学目的 硕士生外语教学的目的是培养学生具有较熟练的阅读能力,一定

英语(心得)之小学英语课堂教学语言的设计与使用

英语论文之小学英语课堂教学语言的设计与使用 思考: 1. 什么是英语课堂教学语言? 2. 英语课堂教学语言具备什么特征? 3. 作为教师,你在课堂上用英语做什么? 一、课堂教学语言的定义 课堂教学语言是指教师在课堂上根据教学任务的要求,针对特定的学生对象,在有限的时间内,为达到某一教学目的而使用的语言。 课堂教学语言是一种以口头形式为主,书面语(板书、课件)与形体语言等配合运用的特殊语言系统。 (一)教学语言不同与日常生活中的口语,它受到教学条件和要求的限制。外语教师经常根据教学需求和学生的外语水平调整和修饰自己的教学语言,形成了“一种简短、简化、规范的,在语音、词法、句法、语篇层次上经过修改的语言。” 发音:英语教师经常会根据教学需要使用夸张的发音,或延长停顿、或放慢速度、或抑扬顿挫,或加重语气等。发元音时较为清晰,而辅音连缀现象较少见。 词汇:较多地使用基本词汇,较少地使用口语体。 语法:尽量使用短句,较少使用从句,大量使用现在时,句子

结构完整规范。 (二)教学语言不只是口语,而是一种综合性的特殊语言系统。教师在口头使用教学语言时会使用形体语言加以调整和配合。形体语言包括手势、姿态、面部表情、眼神等,能与话语配合或单独使用,它不但能够增加语言的表现能力,而且在一定程度或一定场合能代替语言,或者能弥补口语形象性上的不足。教学语言有时也会出现笔语形式。如:有时教师把较复杂的活动指令写成板书或用 PPT 播放,并对其中的一些内容加以解释,帮助学生理解活动程序和要求,也有比较好的效果。 二、课堂教学语言的特征 (一)规范性 在日常的口语交际中,说者只要把所要表达的信息顺利地传达给听者,交际的目的就算达到了,在语言上出现一些不规范是允许的。但是作为教师的课堂教学语言则不能有错误。教师在课堂上的一言一行,学生都可能模仿,也会直接影响到学生的学习效果,反之教师准确、规范的教学语言对学生是一种听力训练和对知识的巩固,也能促进学生更快、更好的学习。因此教师要特别注意自己语言的准确和规范。这包括语音规范、语法规范和词汇的规范。 (二)简洁性 语言精练、清楚、无歧异。经常使用基本词汇、短句、祈使句。

在职研究生英语二

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二试题册 考生须知 1、选择题(第01-40题)的答案必须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上。用其他笔填涂的答案或填涂在试题册上的答案无效。 2、选择题答案选出后,必须用2B铅笔在答题卡上相应的选中项上划一横线,如:[A][B][C][D]。划线要粗,要有一定浓度。修改时,必须用橡皮擦净后,再填涂其他选项。 3、其他题(翻译和写作)一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定的要求作答。凡做在试题册上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 4、本考试时间为3小时。 Section I Use of English (10%) Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡:). We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 01 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but __03communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 04 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that -- 05 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 06 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent.,07_ the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 08 last summer, found that I was 09 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from. And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17_ numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America. 01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some 02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society 03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always 04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration 05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among 06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer 07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed 08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand 09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored 10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back 11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want 12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness 13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then 14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome 15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless .[D] shameless 16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate 17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging 18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners 19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness 20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] at gection II Reading Comprehension (60%) Part A (40 %) Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡). Text 1 InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. ~y the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system !t no charge.

相关文档
最新文档