新版轮机英语

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新版轮机英语unit37__Regulations_of_Fire_Fighting

• In cargo spaces, proper stowage堆装物 and ventilation should prevent overheating and possible spontaneous combustion自燃 • 在货舱，妥善堆放货物和有效通风可防止过热和可能自燃的发生。 • and providing no cigarette ends or unextinguished matches are drop among the cargo, it will be safe. • 倘若在货舱中没有丢弃的烟头或未熄灭的火柴，货舱将会是安全的。
• Heat from the electric light bulb电灯泡 itself can ignite combustible material（可燃物） and this is an all too common cause of fire. Makeshift代用品 paper shades, deeply charred严重地烧焦, have been found in cabins（居住舱室） and the occupants（居住者） seem to have been blissfully幸福地 unaware of the danger. • 来自电灯泡本身的热量就可点燃可燃物，这也是火灾发生的一个常见原因。在居住舱室中发现临时使用的简易纸质灯罩已严重烧焦，而住居者还（满脸）幸福地，似乎没意识到危险。
• Many fires have originated in ships' galleys 在船舶厨房 , generally because of overheated pans of fat catching fire, but sometimes because of oil leakage where oil fired cooking stoves were fitted. • 船上厨房间引起的火灾，通常是加热肉类脂肪的锅过热而引起的，也有是因为在烹饪中油的漏洒。

新版轮机英语unit3_diesel_engine_construction

The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication （润滑）, and, in later types（新型）, has drillings for cooling
water at the uppermost part of
it.
by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel (耐热钢).
The cover is mounted against a flat
surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located（定位） on the
turned( 机加工的，切削 ) in the
liners.
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.
somewhat down in the scavenging
air box, and sealing between the
liner and the top of the scavenging
air box is achieved by the rubber rings （橡胶圈） fitted into the slots （缝，狭槽） machine-
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction
理解柴油机的主要固定件理解柴油机的主要运动件活塞的冷却

新版轮机英语unit3 diesel engine construction

Jimei university
Fuel injector Exhaust valve Inlet valve Combustion chamber Piston ring Piston pin Piston Cylinder crankshaft Crank web Connecting rod
Cylinders and Covers On top of scavenging air box is mounted a strong cast iron frame for each cylinder.
These frames are known as cylinder blocks （汽缸体） or cooling jackets(冷却水套 which 冷却水套), 冷却水套 are provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together in the foremost and aftmost groups in the same way as the scavenging air boxes.
The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods （贯穿螺栓） to rigid achieve a greater construction(刚性结构 with less 刚性结构) 刚性结构 deformation(变形 in service and 变形) 变形 lower vibration.
The cylinder liners （气缸套） are made of alloyed（合金的）（合金的） cast iron and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated(镀铬镀铬). 镀铬

新版轮机英语unit34_satnd-by_enginePPT教学课件

The purified fuel tanks to be raised to the required temperature.
Switch on the power to various auxiliaries and to the control console（控制台）.
2. Check that all valves in the various systems are operational and check the jacket water and lubricating pumps. Any leaks to be rectified(修复) immediately（立即instant）.
LESSON 34
PREPARATION FOR STAND-BY
When instructions (指令） have been received that the main engine is to be prepared for running the following procedure（程序） for any make of marine diesel engine should be followed（遵循）:
On engines having oil cooled pistons the lubricating oil preheater must be put into operation
and the rate of heating so arranged that the temperature of the piston cooling oil returns are 32 to 35℃ over a period of at least two hours.

新版轮机英语unit33_basic meaning of ums and its functiong

In many cases a visual and audible
alarm may be provided to warn of offlimit conditions on board ship and,
associate with this, the important
variables will be recorded on demand.
information either automatically at set
intervals or demand.
An automatic system usually consists of a
control system and an information system.
A control system is a system which measures the condition of some entity
i n
t h e
s y s t e m .
A high temperature alarm at, for instance, a particular cylinder exhaust
would display at the appropriate place
on the mimic diagram of the engine.
Sometimes, it can even make necessary and take the necessary actions to optimized performance without human intervention.
Equipment operation from the machinery control room will be by a trained engineer. The various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge.

新版轮机英语UNIT2_how_does_a_diesel_engine_work

Fuel injector Exhaust valve Inlet valve Combustion chamber Piston ring Piston pin Piston Cylinder crankshaft Crank web Connecting rod
Four-stroke diesel engine
The
exhaust ports are uncovered also. Pressurized fresh air charges into the cylinder, blowing out any residual exhaust gases from the last stroke through the exhaust ports.
Fuel injector
Fuel injector
扫气口 Scavenge port
Exhaust valve
Exhaust port
Piston pin Piston rod
Crosshead
Two-stroke Engine
Cross scavenge system
Connecting rod
The
marine diesel engine is a type of diesel engine used on ships. The principle of its operation is as follows:
A charge of fresh air is drawn （吸入） or pumped into the engine cylinder( 气缸 ) and then compressed（压缩） by the moving piston( 活塞 ) to very high pressure.

新版轮机英语unit12_ME_Engines(1)

Elements of the ME-C engine
• The mechanical difference between an MCC engine and its electronically controlled counterpart（对应部分）, the ME-C engine ,
• constitutes a number of mechanical parts made redundant and replaced by hydraulic and mechatronic（机械电子的） part with enhanced functions , as summarised below:
• After start, the engine driven pump will take over（代替，取代） the supply.
• The engine driven pumps are gear or chain driven , depending on engine size. If so preferred（更喜欢，宁愿）, all pumps can also be electrically driven.
• The above-mentioned parts are replaced by: • Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS)（液压动力单元） • Hydraulic Cylinder Units (HCU)（液压汽缸单元）
• Engine Control System(ECS),（柴油机控制系统） • controlling the following:
• The necessary power for fuel injection and exhaust valve operation-previously provided via the chain drive-is now provided from a Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS) unit located at the front of the engine at bedplate level.

新版轮机英语unit6STARTINGSYSTEM

Pilot air for the appropriate direction of operation is also supplied to an air distributor(空气分配器).
This device is usually driven
by the engine camshaft and
Lubricating oil from the compressor will pass along the air lines and deposit on them.
In the event of a cylinder air starting valve leaking, hot gases would pass into the air pipes and ignite the lubricating oil.
4. Another mechanical interlock is provided to prevent the main control lever being moved until starting air is admitted to the cylinders. This prevents fuel being admitted to the cylinders when the engine is at rest（停用）.
occurrence, cylinder starting valves should be properly(适当的） maintained and the pipelines regularly drained（放残）.
Also oil discharged from compressors should be kept to a minimum, by careful maintenance.

新版轮机英语unit4_fuel oil system

Impurities [impjuəritis] (杂质）in the fuel can cause damage to fuel pumps and fuel valves, and can result in increased cylinder liner wear and deterioration[ditiəriə'reiʃən] (变坏,退化) of the exhaust valve seats.
Lesson 4
Fuel Oil System
The ‘Unifuel’ System
(单燃料系统) The common(普通） system covers the entire [intaiə]整个的 fuel oil flow from storage [stɔ:ridʒ] tank to injection into the engine cylinders.
some improvements [impru:vmənts] (提高） in the centrifuging treatment have been introduced(采用） to enable the treatment of fuels with higher density.
With such equipment,adequate [æ dikwit] （使……能够）separation of water and fuel can be carried out in the centrifuge,for fules up to a density of 1010 kg/m at 15℃. Therefore, this has been selected as the density limit for new high density fuel grades [greids] (密度等级）.

新版轮机英语unit4 Fuel oil system

Some improvements in the centrifuging treatment have been introduced to enable the treatment of fuels with higher density.
With such equipment, adequate separation of water and fuel can be carried out in the centrifuge, for fuels up to a density of 10010 kg/m3 at 15℃。
Impurities in the fuel can cause damage to fuel pumps, and fuel valves, and can result in increased cylinder liner wear and deteriorations（磨损损耗，变坏） of the exhaust valve seats.
They should be operated in parallel or in series according to the centrifuge maker’s instructions.
Design features and working principle
The fuel oil system is a common, pressurized （加压的） system in which heavy fuel oil and diesel oil can be used.
A separate booster pump（增压泵） supplies diesel oil from the diesel oil service tank to the auxiliary engines and return any excess oil to the tank.

新版轮机英语unit9 Operating and maintenance of ME

• Diesel engine are remarkable(非常的） simple in principle（原理，原则） and require little in the way of routine（常规，日常的） maintenance ,although what little is required is essential to a long life.
• A general（大体的） procedure is
now given for engine operation
which details（详述，详细） the
main points in their correct sequence （序列，程序）.
• Where a manufacture’s instruction
Lesson 9 Operation and maintenance of main Engine
理解柴油机的备车、
起动和换向
了解柴油机的维护
Operating procedures
• Medium-speed and slow-speed diesel
engines will follow a fairly similar
• It assumes ordinary running conditions,
careful attendance and the use of
suitable lubricating and fuel oils .
• A further condition is that the engine is well run in .
• The nozzles（喷油嘴） of the engine should when necessary be freed from

新版轮机英语unit31_basic_theroy_of_automatic_control

OFFSET(偏移量、剩余偏差)
It is sustained( 持续的 ) deviation (or error).
TRANSMITTER (OR TRANSDUCER) （变送器）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
It changes the signal received from the detector/sensor(传感器) into some readily amplified （放大） output, usually electrical.
The controller will then take action in a manner （方式） related to the deviation and provide a signal to a regulating unit（调节单元）.
The regulating unit will then increase or decrease its effect on the system to achieve the desired value of the system variable（被控量） (Fig. 6(b)).
A detecting （检测） or measuring element will obtain a signal related to this output which is fed back to the transmitter(变送器).
From the transmitter the signal is then passed to a comparator.
A manual closed loop would exist if one element were replaced by a human operator.

新版轮机英语unit14_boiler_mounting,managemnent_and_maintenance(1)

Whistle（汽笛） stop valve
This is a small bore non-return valve which supplies the whistle with steam straight from the boiler drum（锅筒）.
Water tube boiler, because of their small water content in relation to their steam raising capacity, require certain additional mountings:
Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator (烟气指示器) and the funnel （烟囱） should be frequently
observed.
Scum valve(上排污阀)
A shallow dish（浅盘） positioned at the normal water level is connected to the scum valve.
This enables the blowing down or removal of scum（浮渣） and impurities（杂质） from the water surfater level gauges or „gauge glasses‟ are fitted in pairs, at opposite ends of the boiler, the construction of the level gauge depends on the boiler pressure.

新版轮机英语UNIT11

• for electronic control（电子控制）, control（电子控制） size reduction, fuel economy, high power, reliability, longer time between overhauls（检修，大修） overhauls（检修，大修）, lower propeller speed and better vessel maneuverability.
• Optimal，pollute Optimal，
• Thus soot（烟灰，煤烟） emission soot（烟灰，煤烟）散发，烟雾排放）（散发，烟雾排放） at part loads is for example reduced to a level below the visibility limit.
Advantages
• By means of CR injection it is possible to control combustion precisely and flexibly（灵活性） flexibly（灵活性） within the operating range（范围，行列） of the range（范围，行列） engine.
• The electronic fuel injection management system of the S35ME-B S35MEand the S40ME-B gives optimal engine S40MEperformance in powerful,
• economic, weight-saving and futureweightfutureoriented（导向的） oriented（导向的） diesel engines ensuring that they will remain market leaders for decades to come.

新版轮机英语unit8_Gas_exchange_process

Transverse、longitudinal
I n c r o s s ( o r t r a n s v e r s e ) scavenging the incoming air is directed upwards, pushing the exhaust gases before it. The exhaust gases then travel down and out of the exhaust ports.
It is essential（必要的） to the scavenging process that the air entering the cylinder is at a higher pressure than the gas in the exhaust manifold （排气总管） .
A n u m b e r o f d i f f e r e n t scavenging methods are in use in slow speed two stroke engines.
In each the fresh air enters as the inlet port is opened by the downward movement of the piston and continues until the port is closed by the upward moving piston.

otherwise this fresh air charge is contaminated（污染） by residual exhaust gases from the previous cycle.
Further, the cycle（循环） temperature will be unnecessarily（不必要的） high if the air charge is heated by mixing with residual gases and by contact with hot cylinders and pistons.

新版轮机英语unit7_lubricating_system

• The lubricating oil is also used as a cleaner（清洁剂） and in some engines as a coolant（冷却液）.
Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the bottom of the crankcase, known as the sump （油底壳） , or in a drain tank( 循环油柜 ) located beneath the engine.
To ensure a constant supply of clean and temperature controlled （受控） oil to the engine requires the provision of a great deal of auxiliary equipment such as pumps, filters, centrifuges, coolers, drain （循环柜） and storage tanks etc.
In carrying out these duties the oil is exposed to contamination （污染物） by products of combustion.
Acidic酸性，alkalinity碱性
Some of these are acidic, particularly if residual fuels are being used and can cause corrosive conditions which promote（促进） heavy rates （比率，速率） of wear （加剧磨损）.

新版轮机英语unit34_satnd-by_engine

The purified fuel tanks to be raised to the required temperature. Switch on the power to various auxiliaries and to the controlall valves in the various systems are operational and check the jacket water and lubricating pumps. Any leaks to be rectified(修复) immediately（立即instant）.
23. Finally, before ‘stand-by’ is rung on the engine telegraph, it is usually to give the main diesel engine a brief trial on power （试车） ahead and astern.
If the engine is to be started on high viscosity fuel the temperature of the water should be raised to 77 to 82℃.
7. If hoppers（观察镜） or sight glasses are fitted check that there is an adequate flow of coolant through each piston, cylinder head, cylinder jacket, turbocharger casing and injector（油头）.
13. Pump up the starting air reservoirs to their maximum pressure and drain the air reservoirs and air system.

新版轮机英语unit35 watchkeeping

* The engine exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder.
＊ The various temperature and pressure values for the cooling water and lubricating oil should be at, or near to, the manufacturer’s designed values for the particular speed or fuel lever( 油门调节杆 ) settings.
Various parameters for the main engine turbo-blowers( 涡轮增压器 ) are also logged. Since they are high speed turbines( 涡轮 ) the correct supply of lubricating oil is essential.
At the completion of the watch each member should hand over(交与) to his relief( 接班人员 ), ensuring that he is competent(能胜任的) to take over (接管) and carry out his duties effectively(有效地).
When under standby or maneuvering ( 机动操作 ) conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unit or console(控制台) should be continuously manned(有人值守).

新版轮机英语unit27 marine generator

So far（至今）, alternator construction has considered the armature(电枢) rotating and the field coils stationary,
the same electricity generating effect is produced if the reverse occurs, that is, the field coils rotate and the armature is stationary.
The power factor is a measure （衡量） of the phase difference （相位差） between voltage and current and is expressed as the cosine(余弦) of the phase angle.
With a purely resistance load(电阻性负载) the voltage and current are in phase(同相位), giving a power factor of one.
This is in fact the arrangement adopted for large, heavy duty alternators.
The field current supply in older machines comes from a low voltage direct current generator or exciter(励磁机) on the same shaft as the alternator.
Current collected in this way will be alternating（交变的）, that is, changing in direction and rising and falling in value.