动词的一般过去时

动词的一般过去时

一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。

1.He walks to school. （一般现在时）他现在经常步行上学。

2.He walked to school. (一般过去时) 他曾经步行上学。

1.中的动词walks是现在式，由于主语是第三人称单数he, 因此原形的walk必须加上”s”, 表示目前习惯性、经常性的动作。

而2. 中的动词walked是过去式，过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式，所以这句话是表示过去的某时，例如昨天，上周或几天前等过去的某一时间。

1.be动词的过去时

be动词过去时的句型如下：

肯定句主语+be动词的过去式（was，were）+ .......

否定句主语+be动词的过去式（was，were）+ not+ ......

疑问句 be动词的过去式（Was，Were）+主语+......

He was busy yesterday. 他昨天很忙。（肯定句）

We were busy yesterday. 我们昨天很忙。（肯定句）

He was not busy yesterday. 他昨天不忙。（否定句）

Was he busy yesterday? 他昨天忙吗？（疑问句）

① be动词过去时的肯定句

Mike was in the United States last year. 迈克去年在美国。

I was busy yesterday. 我昨天很忙。

I was very

tired

last night. 我昨天晚上很累。

He was an engineer. 他以前是个工程师。

Tom was a teacher. 汤姆以前是个老师。

We were there. 我们曾在那里。

You were a worker. 你以前是个工人。

They were at home yesterday. 他们昨天在家。

Jack and Bob were in the living room at that time. 杰克和鲍勃那时在起居室。

There was an apple on the plate yesterday. 昨天有一个苹果在盘子里。

There were some books there. 那儿曾经有一些书。

② be动词过去时的否定句

He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。

be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样，只要在be动词过去式（was, were)后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not，were not大多使用缩写形式wasn’t（读作['wɒznt]）和weren’t（读作 [wɜ:nt]）。

Mike wasn’t at school. 迈克不在学校。

I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。

They weren’t Chinese. 他们不是中国人。

There weren’t any boys in the classroom. 教室里一个男孩也没有。

③ be动词过去时的疑问句

1. A: Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗？

B：No, it wasn’t. It was cloudy. 不，没下雨。昨天阴天。

2. A：Where were you yesterday morning? 你昨天上午在哪儿？

B: I was at school. 我在学校。

be动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样，只要把be动词的过去式was,were调到主语前面即可。回答Was/Were+主语+......？时，需用Yes,...was/were, 或No,...wasn’t/weren’t。注意：以疑问词开始的特殊疑问句，回答时，不能用Yes,No。直接回答所问的问题即可。

1. A：Was she a teacher? 她以前是个老师吗？

B: Yes, she was. 是的，她是。

B: No, she wasn’t. 不，她不是。

2. A: Were they doctors? 他们以前是医生吗？

B: Yes, they were. 是的，他们是。

B: No, they weren’t. 不，他们不是。

3.A: Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空吗?

B: Yes, he was. 是的，他有空。

B: No, he wasn’t. 不，他没空。

4.A: Was there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有过水吗？

B: Yes, there was. 是的，曾经有过。

B: No, there weren’t. 不，没有过。

be动词的现在时和过去时句型（以he为主语）

一般现在时一般过去时

句型

时态

肯定句He is... He was...

否定句He isn’t... He wasn’t...

一般疑问句Is he...? Was he...?

特殊疑问句疑问词+ is he...? 疑问词+ was he...?

2.一般动词的过去时

一般动词过去时的基本句型如下：

肯定句主语+ be动词的过去式+ .......

否定句主语+ did not+ 动词原形+......

疑问句 Did+主语+ 动词原形+......?

He played tennis last week. 他上周打网球了。（肯定句）

He did not play tennis last week. 上周他没打网球。（否定句）

Did he play tennis last week? 他上周打网球了吗？

①一般动词过去时的肯定句

We had a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得很高兴。

He had a good time yesterday. 昨天他过得很高兴。

一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此主语即使是第三人称单数，也和其他人称一样变化。

I saw a film last week. 上周我看了一部电影。

She studied English two years ago. 两年前她学英语。

We said good-bye to Mary at five. 五点钟时，我们和玛丽说再见。

He rushed into the room. 他冲进房间。

动词过去式变化规则：

①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。 wanted，played

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。 hoped，lived

③重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed

stopped

④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。 studied，worried

以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. played, enjoyed

规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。

①清辅音后，ed要读[t]。worked，finished

②元音或浊辅音后，ed要读 [d]。lived，called

③ [t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。 started，needed

5．不规则动词过去式：

注意不规则动词的时态变化。务必熟记下述动词的原形和过去式：

read ---- read say ---- said know ---- knew put ---- put

go ---- went get ---- got have ---- had see ---- saw

take ---- took do ---- did come ---- came give---- gave

eat---- ate run---- ran sing---- sang make---- made

write---- wrote draw---- drew fly---- flew ride---- rode