最新托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟题(含答案)
【真题练习】托福阅读考试模拟试题训练附答案(七)
【真题练习】托福阅读考试模拟试题训练附答案（七）托福阅读是考生子容易拿分的部分，多多练习将对托福分数的整体提高有很大帮助哦！那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来了一些托福阅读的题目以及答案，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
Hormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities andproportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots —dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.。
toefl试题及答案
toefl试题及答案TOEFL试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据所听对话，选出正确的答案。
A. 学生在图书馆找书。
B. 学生在询问课程安排。
C. 学生在讨论课题研究。
D. 学生在讨论作业问题。
答案：A2. 根据所听讲座，选出正确的答案。
A. 教授在讨论历史事件。
B. 教授在分析文学作品。
C. 教授在讲解科学理论。
D. 教授在介绍艺术作品。
答案：B二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题："The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people worked and lived."A. What was the main impact of the Industrial Revolution?B. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the daily life of people?答案：A. The main impact of the Industrial Revolution was the significant changes in the way people worked and lived.B. The Industrial Revolution affected the daily life of people by altering their work patterns and living conditions.2. 阅读以下段落，选择最佳 "The role of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Some argue that it enhances learning, while others believe it can be a distraction."A. The Pros and Cons of Technology in EducationB. The History of Technology in EducationC. The Debate Over Technology in EducationD. The Future of Technology in Education答案：C三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 根据以下提示，进行口语回答：- Describe a memorable event from your childhood.- Explain why it was memorable.答案示例：One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the day I learned to ride a bicycle. It was a sunny afternoon, and my father was teaching me. After several attempts and falls, I finally managed to ride without support. The feeling of accomplishment and the joy of mastering a new skill madeit an unforgettable experience.2. 根据以下情景，进行口语回答：- You are planning a trip with friends. Discuss thefactors you consider when choosing a destination.答案示例：When planning a trip with friends, I consider several factors such as the interests of the group, the budget, the weather, and the accessibility of the destination. We usually discuss our preferences and make a list of potential places. Then, we evaluate them based on the mentioned factors and make a decision that suits everyone.四、写作任务（Writing Task）1. Write an essay discussing the importance of environmental protection and the role individuals can play in it.答案示例（略）：考生需根据题目要求，撰写一篇不少于300字的议论文，阐述环境保护的重要性以及个人如何参与其中。
托福阅读模拟练习题及答案
托福阅读模拟练习题及答案The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains: the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this supposition was confirmed by missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters: the highlands are completely covered by large craters (greater than 40-50 km in diameter), while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolve objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, that overlies the solid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin; the large wispy marks were seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the Maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers'attention was fixed on craters and their origins.Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than 10-15 km have relatively simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) What astronomers learned from the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.(B) Characteristics of the major terrains of the Moon.(C) The origin of the Moon's craters.(D) Techniques used to catalogue the Moon's land forms.2. The word "undergone经历" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) altered(B) substituted(C) experienced(D) preserved3. According to the passage , the Maria differ from the Terrace mainly in terms of(A) age(B) manner of creation(C) size(D) composition4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Surveyor and Apollo missions?(A) They confirmed earlier theories about the Moon's surface.(B) They revealed that previous ideas about the Moon'scraters were incorrect.(C) They were unable to provide detailed information about the Moon's surface.(D) They were unable to identify how the Moon's craters were made.5. The word "vast" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) special(B) known(C) varied(D) great6. All of the following are true of the Maria EXCEPT:(A) They have small craters.(B) They have been analyzed by astronomers.(C) They have a rough texture.(D) They tend to be darker than the terrace.7. All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) Moon (line 1)(B) reflectivity (line 3)(C) regolith (line 16)(D) Maria (line 2)8. The author mentions "wispy marks" in line 19 as an example of(A) an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions(B) a characteristic of large craters(C) a discovery made through the use of Earth-based telescopes(D) features that astronomers observed to be common to the Earth and the Moon9. According to the passage , lunar researchers have focused mostly on(A) the possibility of finding water on the Moon(B) the lunar regolith(C) cataloging various land formations(D) craters and their origins10. The passage probably continues with a discussion of(A) the reasons craters are difficult to study(B) the different shapes small craters can have(C) some features of large craters(D) some difference in the ways small and large craters were formedBCDAD CACDC。
新托福测试题及答案
新托福测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 听力对话A. 学生与教授讨论课程内容。
B. 图书管理员与学生讨论图书借阅。
2. 听力讲座A. 教授关于环境保护的讲座。
B. 学生介绍一个科学实验。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读文章A. 描述一个历史事件。
B. 讨论一种文化现象。
2. 问题与选项A. 根据文章A，以下哪项是事件的主要原因？a) 经济因素b) 社会因素c) 政治因素d) 自然因素B. 文章B中提到的文化现象主要影响了哪个群体？a) 年轻人b) 中年人c) 老年人d) 全社会三、口语部分1. 独立口语任务A. 描述一个你曾经克服的困难。
2. 综合口语任务A. 根据听力对话和阅读文章，讨论学生如何解决遇到的问题。
四、写作部分1. 综合写作任务A. 阅读一篇文章，然后听一个相关的讲座，最后写一篇文章总结两者的主要观点和论据。
2. 独立写作任务A. 你同意以下观点吗？“教育是个人成功的关键因素”。
请给出你的理由和例子。
五、答案1. 听力部分A. 正确答案：教授建议学生阅读额外的资料来加深理解。
B. 正确答案：学生需要在一周内归还图书。
2. 阅读部分A. 正确答案：b) 社会因素B. 正确答案：a) 年轻人3. 口语部分独立口语任务答案示例：我克服的困难是学习新语言。
起初，我感到非常困难，但通过不断练习和使用语言，我最终提高了我的语言技能。
综合口语任务答案示例：学生可以通过与教授讨论问题，寻求同学的帮助，或者利用图书馆资源来解决遇到的问题。
4. 写作部分综合写作任务答案示例：文章和讲座都认为环境保护很重要，但文章强调政府的作用，而讲座强调个人的责任。
独立写作任务答案示例：我同意教育是个人成功的关键因素。
教育不仅提供了知识和技能，还培养了解决问题的能力，这对于个人的职业发展至关重要。
请注意：以上内容为示例，实际测试题和答案可能会有所不同。
托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟题(含答案)
托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟题（含答案）托福阅读文本：The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using thereeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes — not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made all their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomo people used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways.托福阅读题目：1. What best distinguished Pomo basketsfrom baskets of other groups?(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs(B) The unusual geometric(C) The absence of decoration(D) The rare materials used2. The word "fashion" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) organize(C) trade(D) create3. The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT(A) shells(B) feathers(C) leaves(D) bark4. What is the author's main point in the second paragraph?(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.(C) The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.5. The word "others " in line 9 refers to(A) masters(B) baskets(C) pendants(D) surfaces6.According to the passage , a weft is a(A) tool for separating sedge root(B) process used for coloring baskets(C) pliable maternal woven around the warp(D) pattern used to decorate baskets7.According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?(A) bullrush(B) willow(C) sedge(D) redbud8. The word "article" in line 17 is close in meaning to(A) decoration(B) shape(C) design(D) object9. According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the relationship between(A) bullrush and coiling(B) weft and warp(C) willow and feathers(D) sedge and weaving10. The word "staples" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) combinations(B) limitations(C) accessories(D) basic elements11. The word "distinct" in lime 26 is closest in meaning to(A) systematic(B) beautiful(C) different(D) compatible12. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage ?(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo people.(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial purposes.(C) There were a very limited number of basketmaking materials available to the Pomo people.(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the years.托福阅读模拟题答案：BDCBB CBDAD CA。
新托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案3
新托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案3The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The "hole" at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast－facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west－to－east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north－to－south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. Ifa person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of year.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?（A） observations of the stars by ancient people（B） rock formations of Arizona（C） a site used by ancient people to measure time（D） the movement of the earth around the Sun2. The word "obtained" in line 2 is closest in meaning to（A） acquired（B） transported（C） covered（D） removed3. The word "attributes属性,特征" in line 5 is closest in meaning to （A） changes（B） characteristics（C） locations（D） dimensions4. The word "its" in line 10 refers to（A） roof（B） beam（C） hole（D） spot5. The word "establish" in line 15 is closest in meaning to（A） create（B） locate（C） consult（D） choose6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?（A） It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.（B） It travels across the roof of the shelter.（C） Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.（D）It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined? （A） The movement of the spot of light from west to east（B） The speed with which the spot of light moves（C） The movement of the spot of light from north to south （D） The size of the sport of light at midday8. The word "roughly粗糙地" in line 18 is closest in meaning to（A） finally（B） harshly（C） uneasily（D） approximately9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT（A） a calendar（B） a home（C） a clock（D） an observatory10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? （A） The boulders are located below the rock shelter.（B） The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.（C）After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.（D） The spot of light is largest when it first appears.答案:CABCA BCDBA。
2023年托福考试试题(含答案)
2023年托福考试试题(含答案)阅读部分题目 1题目描述阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
问题What are the potential disadvantages of working from home?参考答案The potential disadvantages of working from home include decreased social interaction, increased distractions, and a blurring of boundaries between work and personal life.题目 2题目描述阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
Many people believe that the government should provide funding for the arts. They argue that the arts play an important role in society, promoting creativity and enriching people's lives. Others, however, believe that the arts should be funded privately, through donations and ticket sales. They argue that public funding for the arts is a misuse of taxpayer money.问题What are the arguments for and against government funding for the arts?参考答案听力部分题目 1题目描述听下面的对话，然后回答问题。
Woman: Did you hear about the new restaurant that just opened downtown?Man: No, I haven't. What's it like?Man: That sounds interesting. Is it expensive?Woman: No, the prices are quite reasonable, especially considering the high quality of the food.问题What kind of restaurant is the woman talking about?参考答案题目 2题目描述听下面的对话，然后回答问题。
托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（三）
托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（三）智课⽹TOEFL备考资料托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析(三)摘要：托福阅读考试着重考察考⽣的速读理解能⼒信息定位能⼒等，想要更好的备考托福阅读⼀定要多做练习，以下是⼩编为⼤家整理的托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析(三)，希望对⼤家有帮助!Hormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) desire(B) origin(C) science(D) chemical28. The word it in the passage refers to(A) secretin(B) small intestine(C) bloodstream(D) pancreas29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) remembered(B) surprised(C) invented(D) motivated30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must(A) be part of the digestive process(B) influence the operations of the nervous system(C) affect processes in a different part of the body(D) regulate attitudes and behavior。
2023年托福考试阅读部分答案解析
2023年托福考试阅读部分答案解析题目一题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。
B. 现代科技对环保运动没有任何帮助。
C. 现代科技对环保运动起着消极的作用。
答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。
文章中提到了几个例子，如能源技术的进步使得可再生能源更加普及，科技的发展也带来了环保意识的提高等。
因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。
题目二题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。
B. 农业革命对人类社会没有产生任何影响。
C. 农业革命带来了许多负面影响。
答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。
文章中提到了农业革命对于人类社会的影响，如人类开始定居，农业生产方式的改变以及对人类社会结构的影响等。
因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。
题目三题目：根据文章，下列哪个说法是正确的？A. 阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。
B. 阅读对语言能力没有任何影响。
C. 阅读只能提高词汇量，对语言能力的其他方面没有帮助。
答案解析：根据文章内容可以得出，阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。
文章中提到了阅读对于语言能力的多个方面都有积极的影响，如扩展词汇量，提高语法和语言结构的理解能力等。
因此，选项 A 是正确的答案。
总结根据以上题目解析，我们可以得出以下结论：- 现代科技对环保运动起着积极的作用。
- 农业革命是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。
- 阅读是提高语言能力的最佳方式。
这些都是根据文章内容得出的正确答案，希望对大家的托福备考有所帮助。
以上为本文档的全部内容。
引用内容请谨慎确认，不要引用未经证实的内容。
2023年9月托福考试试题
2023年9月托福考试试题一、听力部分（30分）（一）对话理解（15分）1. 有一段校园对话，男生在向女生抱怨他的室友总是在他学习的时候大声放音乐，问女生有什么建议。
这题的答案是女生建议男生先和室友好好沟通，告诉他自己的困扰。
解析就是在室友关系中，沟通是解决问题的第一步，很多时候大家可能没有意识到自己的行为给他人带来了不便，通过沟通能避免不必要的矛盾。
2. 还有一个对话是关于选课的，女生想选一门艺术课，但是担心作业太多会影响她的其他课程。
这题答案是男生告诉她可以去问上过这门课的学长学姐，这样能了解实际的作业量。
解析就是学长学姐有实际的上课经验，他们能提供比较准确的信息。
（二）讲座理解（15分）1. 有一个关于生物学的讲座，讲的是某种珍稀动物的栖息地保护。
问题是这种动物栖息地面临的主要威胁是什么。
答案是人类活动导致的栖息地破坏和气候变化。
解析就是人类的开发建设使得动物的生存空间不断缩小，气候变化也改变了它们栖息地的生态环境。
2. 另一个讲座是关于历史的，讲的是古代某个文明的贸易路线。
问题是这条贸易路线的重要意义。
答案是促进了不同地区文化和商品的交流。
解析就是贸易路线就像桥梁一样，连接了不同的地区，让各地的文化和商品能够相互传播。
二、阅读部分（30分）（一）文章阅读一（15分）这篇文章是关于科技对教育的影响的。
有个问题是科技给教育带来的最大改变是什么。
答案是让教育资源的获取更加便捷。
解析就是现在通过网络，学生可以在世界范围内获取各种学习资料，不再局限于本地的教育资源。
（二）文章阅读二（15分）文章是关于环境保护的，讲到了海洋污染的问题。
问题是海洋污染的主要污染源有哪些。
答案是工业废水排放、海上石油泄漏和生活垃圾倾倒。
解析就是工业生产产生大量含有污染物的废水排入海洋，海上石油开采和运输过程中可能发生泄漏，还有人们日常生活中的垃圾也会被倒入海洋。
三、写作部分（20分）题目是关于是否应该在大学校园里推广共享单车。
托福模拟考试及答案解析(6)
托福模拟考试及答案解析（6）(1~6/共56题)阅读理解第1题Why is the class discussing the technical requirements of murals?A.They are preparing for an examination.B.They plan to visit some famous murals.C.They are helping to design a new building.D.They will be creating their own mural.第2题According to the discussion, what factors should be considered in planning a mural?Click on 2 answers.A.The position of the observerB.The character of the artistC.The architecture of the roomD.The colors of the paint第3题What does the instructor mean when she says this:A.A building with a mural will attract a lot of visitors.B.A mural serves the same purpose as other forms of art.C.The term "mural" has several different meanings.D.A mural is an expression of the building's character.第4题The instructor briefly explains what happens when water enters a wall with a mural. Which of the following sentences describe parts of the process?Click on 2 answers.A.Moisture penetrates the wall and dissolves salts in the material.B.The plaster dries quickly, but the paint never dries completely.C.An air space develops between the interior and exterior walls.D.Dried salt deposits form a white film on the surface of the mural.第5题What is the purpose of having an air space between the outer wall and the plaster?A.It will protect the plaster from temperature changes.B.It will give the mural a greater sense of depth.C.It will reduce the time needed for drying the plaster.D.It will eliminate the need to wash the wall frequently.第6题Why does the instructor say this:A.To explain how a wall can be made strongerB.To describe the process of framing a muralC.To explain how to create an insulating air spaceD.To describe a technique for texturing a plaster wall下一题(7~12/共56题)阅读理解第7题What aspect of seeds does the professor mainly discuss?A.Hereditary changes in seedsB.Ways that seeds are dispersedC.Genetic engineering of seedsD.How seeds germinate and grow第8题What role does heredity play in the life of a plant?A.It provides the information the plant needs to grow.B.It helps nutrients move up from the soil into the plant.C.It causes the seed to swell and burst out of its case.D.It supplies the energy required to manufacture food.第9题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.Why does the professor say this:A.To point out the diversity of plant lifeB.To give an example of an environmental cueC.To compare different ecosystems where plants liveD.To explain why few plants survive in the desert第10题What environmental factors are required for a seed to germinate? Click on 2 answers.A.HeredityB.Wateranic fertilizerD.The proper temperature第11题How does a seed obtain the energy it needs for germination?A.It takes in nutrients through capillaries in its roots.B.It depends on the chemical energy from fertilizer.C.It converts the energy of food stored within itself.D.It uses solar energy collected through its leaves.第12题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.How does the professor organize the information that he presents?A.He summarizes a process.B.He compares two sets of data.C.He gives a definition and examples.D.He classifies seeds into types.上一题下一题(13~17/共56题)阅读理解第13题Why does the student go to see the professor?A.He wants to hear the professor's comments about his term paper.B.He would like permission to change the topic of his research.C.He would like the professor to recommend him for a job.D.He needs the professor's advice about redesigning an organization.第14题According to the student, what is organizational redesign?A.Preparing materials that help people learn about an organizationB.Writing an essay about why you want to work for an organizationC.Keeping a record of people that join and leave an organizationD.Changing an organization's goals, responsibilities and relationships第15题Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the professor imply about the student's paper?A.It is too short.B.It contains many errors.C.It lacks a clear focus.D.It has very few ideas.第16题What suggestions does the professor make for the student's paper?Click on 2 answers.A.Explain why organizations need to be redesignedB.Focus on a few essential steps of organizational redesignC.Proofread the paper carefully and correct all mistakesD.Support his points with examples from a real organization第17题Why does the student mention the nursery business where his uncle works?A.To tell the professor where he would like to workB.To give an example that he might discuss in his paperC.To suggest a good place to shop for flowering shrubsD.To impress the professor with his family's success上一题下一题(18~23/共56题)阅读理解第18题How does the professor organize the information that she presents?A.By comparing different reasons for exploring the Arctic OceanB.By describing the past, present, and future of the Northwest PassageC.By explaining the causes of climate change in the Arctic regionD.By listing popular tourist attractions in the Northwest Passage第19题According to the professor, why did European powers start looking for the Northwest Passage?A.They wanted to study the wildlife of the Arctic region.B.They were inspired by the idea of a New World.C.They hoped to find a plentiful source of oil.D.They wanted to establish a western route to Asia.第20题Why does the professor talk about Martin Frobisher and Henry Hudson?A.To give examples of early Arctic explorersB.To describe different routes for crossing the ArcticC.To compare the motivation of two adventurersD.To explain why one failed and the other succeeded第21题Why does the professor say this:A.To end the prepared part of her lectureB.To repeat a point that she made earlierC.To shift the focus of the discussionD.To begin telling a personal story第22题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.What can be inferred about the Northwest Passage?A.It takes a ship several weeks to navigate the passage.B.Ice makes the passage dangerous and unpredictable.C.The passage is no longer a practical trade route.D.Several ships make it through the passage every year.第23题What point does the professor make about the future of the Northwest Passage?A.The passage will become more passable to ships.B.A reliable, permanent route may never be discovered.C.Only icebreakers will be able to cross the passage.D.Scientists cannot predict the future of the passage.上一题下一题(24~29/共56题)阅读理解第24题What topics do the speakers mainly discuss?Click on 2 answers.A.How domestic animals have benefited human societyB.Why humans domesticated plants before animalsC.How to domesticate large carnivores for foodD.Qualities that favor the domestication of certain species第25题Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.Which of the following statements can be inferred about large animal species?A.Only a few large animal species were suitable for domestication.B.Many large species have become extinct since the last Ice Age.C.Fourteen large mammal species are primarily herbivores.rge animal species were easier to domesticate than small species.第26题According to the discussion, what benefit to humans do large domestic animals provide that small animals do NOT?A.A source of foodB.A source of clothingC.The ability to pull a plowD.The ability to follow commands第27题According to the discussion, why are carnivores NOT good candidates for domestication as a food source?A.Their meat is less nutritious than the meat of herbivores.B.Their behavior is threatening to other domestic animals.C.They are unsuccessful at reproducing in captivity.D.They are expensive to feed in terms of plant biomass.第28题According to the discussion, which characteristic would most likely make a wild animal unsuitable for domestication?A.A weight of more than 100 poundsB.A tendency toward unpredictable behaviorC.A diet based primarily on plant proteinD.A capacity for using tools to solve problems第29题Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.What can be inferred about deer and antelope?A.They run away from humans only if threatened.B.They do not supply meat of a consistent quality.C.They are as dangerous as certain wild horses.D.They have not successfully been domesticated.上一题下一题(30~43/共56题)阅读理解THE ATLANTIC EEL1 The mysterious qualities of eels have captivated many scientists. In 1886, a French zoologist put a tiny leaf-shaped saltwater fish into a tank in his laboratory. The fish, about four centimeters long, startled the scientist when it turned into a tiny eel—long, rounded, and clear as window glass. Ten years later, another zoologist observed the same metamorphosis in the Mediterranean Sea and concluded that salt water was important to the process. In 1920, Danish biologist Johannes Schmidt tracked eels in the Atlantic Ocean, eventually finding individuals of the smallest size in the Sargasso Sea, an area of the North Atlantic between the West Indies and the Azores that is approximately 1,100 kilometers wide and 3,200 kilometers long and surrounded by four major ocean currents.2 Atlantic eels have five life phases: larva, glass eel, elver, immature yellow eel, and mature silver eel. Eels are catadromous fish, living most of their lives in fresh water and then migrating to the sea to reproduce. Their migration is an epic life journey, north through the Atlantic, toward the shore, into rivers and lakes, and eventually back to the Sargasso Sea, swimming in the open water by night. Scientists have not yet fully documented adult eels arriving at the Sargasso, or eels mating or laying eggs there, but they have observed the newly hatched larvae clustering in the floating Sargassum weed. The tiny larvae rise to the surface, where they begin their journey by drifting on the Gulf Stream toward either North America or Europe. A year may pass before the young fish swim toward the shore and fresh water. As they approach the coast, the larvaetransform into transparent glass eels, five to seven centimeters in length. It is not yet known how the eels find their way inland, but once glass eels leave the ocean and enter fresh water, they swim upstream, eventually turning into thin, black, ten-centimeter elvers.3 As the elvers grow, they change into adolescent yellow eels, long and slender with brownish-yellow sides and bellies. Yellow eels spend the next several years in flesh water, living in rivers and lakes for up to twenty years. Nearly all of the eels in lakes are female, while those in rivers and estuaries are mainly male. As the adolescents mature into adults, their eyes grow larger, their backs darken, their sides become silver, and their bellies turn silver-white. They start changing into mature silver eels, ready to begin their southward migration to the Sargasso Sea in late autumn. The transformation into sexually mature fish occurs deep in the Atlantic, during the long swim back to their mating site.4 During their long migration, eels face numerous hurdles. Most of these are the result of human activity, such as the dams, weirs, and other physical impediments that have compromised many river systems. Young black elvers require help getting past dams as they migrate upstream. Because eels are able to breathe through their skin as well as their gills, they can travel over wet surfaces on land, so in some locations biologists have devised wet ramps to assist their climb. During their downstream journey, silver eels can be killed when they swim into the turbines of hydroelectric dams, and a river's entire eel run can be destroyed in just a few nights. To combat the problem, some energy companies slow the rotation of the blades during the migration so that the eels might pass safely through the turbines. Another hurdle to the eels' passage is the presence of ancient eel weirs, structures of various types built by every human culture that ever inhabited the region. Natural predators also take a toll: eagles, osprey, snapping turtles, and bass all feed on eels.5 Overfishing and exploitive fisheries have caused eel populations to plummet. Fisheries target eels at three phases of their lives. Before the tiny glass eels can reach shore, thousands are trapped in nets for export to fish farms in Asia. Yellow eels are caught in eel pots for bait, and silver eels are caught in traps for specialty markets around the world. In addition to overfishing, eels will face a more serious threat if climate change alters the speed or direction of the currents around the Sargasso Sea. Even a slight shift in the currents would impact the mating and hatching territories of the Atlantic eel.第30题The word metamorphosis in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.type of movementB.change in appearanceC.swimming abilityD.reduction in size第31题What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?A.To introduce the phenomenon of the eel's life phasesB.To contrast the discoveries of three scientistsC.To entertain readers with scientific mysteriesD.To emphasize the eel's need for both salt and fresh water第32题According to the passage, one characteristic that defines catadromous fish isA.their ability to navigate by smellB.their very long life spanC.their preference for a diet of Sargassum weedD.their migration from fresh water to salt water第33题Scientists have direct evidence of which eel behavior in the Sargasso Sea?rvae swimming among the plantsB.Glass eels transforming into elversC.Adolescents becoming adultsD.Adult females dying after laying eggs第34题The word drifting in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA.feedingB.strugglingC.hatchingD.riding第35题According to paragraph 2, there is scientific uncertainty aboutA.where the eels go to reproduceB.what the newly hatched eels eatC.how the eels locate fresh waterD.when the eels become black in color第36题One difference between eels living in rivers and those living in lakes isA.the color of their backs, sides, and belliesB.the level of competition with other speciesC.the season in which their migration beginsD.the relative numbers of females and males第37题Which sentence best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Dams and weirs have improved river systems for humans and eels.B.Human activity has created hurdles that block the eels' river passage.C.Eels had few physical problems until humans changed the course of rivers.D.The effects of human activity have been both positive and negative.第38题The word combat in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.documentB.studyC.reduceD.ignore第39题Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about eel migration?A.More eels die in the river part of their migration than in the ocean.B.Sometimes humans can help eels get past impediments in rivers.C.The original purpose of weirs was to assist eels in their migration.D.Natural predators pose the most serious threat to migrating eels.第40题The word plummet in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.declineB.migrateC.evolveD.disappear第41题It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that the author most likely believes which of the following statements about Atlantic eels?A.A net is the most effective type of equipment for capturing eels.B.People are just beginning to appreciate eels as a source of food.C.Climate change could endanger the ability of eels to reproduce.D.Scientists may never know why eels migrate such long distances.第42题Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Female yellow eels can grow to more than a meter in length, over twice the length of the males.A As the elvers grow, they change into adolescent yellow eels, long and slender with brownish-yellow sides and bellies. Yellow eels spend the next several years in fresh water, living in rivers and lakes for up to twenty years. Nearly all of the eels in lakes are female, while those in rivers and estuaries are mainly male.B As the adolescents mature into adults, their eyes grow larger, their backs darken, their sides become silver and their bellies turn silver-white.C They start changing into mature silver eels, ready to begin their southward migration to the Sargasso Sea in late autumn.D The transformation into sexually mature fish occurs deep in the Atlantic, during the long swim back to their mating site.第43题An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Atlantic eels are long, slender fish with many fascinatingqualities and an epic life journey.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Eels undergo changes in shape and color as they pass through five life phases from larva to adult.B. The Sargasso Sea is an ideal mating site for eels because of the four surrounding ocean currents.C. Eels have a very long adolescence and may spend up to twenty years as immature yellow eels in rivers and lakes.D. Eels hatch in salt water, but spend most of their lives in fresh water before migrating back to the sea to reproduce.E. Glass eels, yellow eels, and silver eels are captured by different means and for different purposes.F. Several factors threaten the survival of eels, including altered river systems, overfishing, and climate change.上一题下一题(44~56/共56题)阅读理解THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF JACOB RIIS1 In the late nineteenth century, New York's Lower East Side had the highest concentration of people in the world. Over one million residents lived in extreme poverty, with 300,000 of them packed into one square mile alone. Most were immigrants from Europe and Asia. Men, women, children, and the elderly all worked for low wages in the thousands of sweatshops that made clothing, cigars, furniture, and tinware. Few of the realist painters of the time wanted to paint this New York; it was a photographer and writer, Jacob Riis, who opened the subject to a wide public.2 Jacob Riis was born in Denmark and immigrated to the United States in 1870, at the age of twenty-one. He landed in New York and got a job as a police court reporter for the New York Tribune. The police headquarters was located in the heart of the East Side slum district, and Riis came to know thousands of the local poor. What he saw inspired him to fight for the elimination of slums using the tools of journalism. At that time, American journalism was changing. The urban population was multiplying rapidly, and there was an explosion of newspapers. The papers aimed to reach larger audiences, which led them to increase the number of human-interest stories—stories not just about the comfortable classes, but about the "other half" and how it lived.3 Jacob Riis became New York's chief reporter of urban blight, making a name for himself with his detailed accounts of life in the Lower East Side. Today he is best known as a photographer. In the 1880s, photography was still at an early stage, and news photos were rare. As a good journalist, Riis was quick to see that recent developments in flashlight photography would enable him to dramatize his stories. Photography would be his means for drawing attention to the living conditions of the poor, particularly the immigrant population. He committed himself to this cause, knowing that the affluent and educated half of society could not ignore photographs of how the other half lived.4 In 1890 he published his photographs in a book, How the Other Half Lives, his most famous work. The book was a bestseller and ran through several editions. The photographs exposed the appalling conditions of the time and were direct evidence of human misery in the immigrant enclaves, back alleys, and cheap lodging houses. Shocked readers saw images of ragged children playing in the street and old people toiling in dim sweatshops. They were horrified by the miserable existence of a million people, the powerless and destitute of America's "other half."5 Riis was a member of the new generation of "muckraking" journalists that investigated corruption, injustice, exploitation, and poverty. Like the other muckrakers, Riis made it his mission to seek out and expose the darker side of society. By today's standards of journalisticetiquette, he was very intrusive, feeling no need to get permission from his subjects before photographing them. Riis and his assistants would burst into tenements and saloons, startling people with their cameras and flashlights. Many of the photographs were taken at night, requiring artificial lighting, which at the time consisted of flash cartridges fired from a revolver into a frying pan. The explosive noise caused terror and confusion. On two occasions, Riis accidentally set fire to rooms he was photographing when the flash cartridge exploded in flames.6 Still, as a journalist and photographer, Jacob Riis had more of an influence on reforming living conditions than did any of the more conventional social workers of his day. One day Riis received a note that read, "I have read your book and I have come to help." The note was from the head of the New York Police Board of Commissioners, Theodore Roosevelt, who later went on to become president of the United States. Moved by the photographs Riis had taken, Roosevelt instituted a number of social reforms. The photographs in How the Other Half Lives are still prized for their historic value and stand out as proof of the power of pictures to bring about social change.第44题Why does the author describe New York's Lower East Side in paragraph 1?A.To identify the place with the world's highest concentration of peopleB.To illustrate the rapid growth of New York in the nineteenth centuryC.To argue for better wages for people working in sweatshopsD.To provide the setting and subject of Jacob Riis's photographs第45题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.There were not many realist painters in New York when Jacob Riis started his career as a photographer and writer.B.Photographer and writer Jacob Riis informed people about the Lower East Side, while realist painters ignored it.C.The realist painters and Jacob Riis both dealt with subjects that the public previously knew little about.D.Few people liked realist paintings of New York, so Jacob Riis chose subjects that appealed to a larger audience.第46题In paragraph 2, in stating that there was an explosion of newspapers, the author means thatA.the number of newspapers was increasing rapidlyB.more high-quality newspapers were availableC.there was a limited variety of newspaper storiesD.readers protested against journalistic practices第47题The word blight in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.growthB.povertyC.crimeD.diseaseAccording to the passage, why did Jacob Riis become a photographer?A.He did not want to study the realist painting of the time.B.He hoped to invent a new technique of flash photography.C.He wanted to portray the living conditions of the poor.D.He wanted to send photographs to his family in Denmark.第49题In Riis's book How the Other Half Lives, the term "other half" describesA.journalists and photographersB.the poor and powerlessC.the affluent and educatedD.social reformers第50题Jacob Riis photographed all of the following subjects EXCEPTA.police headquartersB.cheap lodging housesC.immigrant childrenD.workers in sweatshops第51题Riis and many other journalists of his generation were primarily interested inA.exaggerating stories for shock valueB.developing new media technologyC.examining society's negative aspectsD.cricitizing the comfortable classes第52题What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about the journalistic etiquette of the late nineteenth century?A.Journalists did not always respect the privacy of their subjects.B.Jacob Riis was a leader in developing new standards of etiquette.C.New York City had a strict code of behavior for journalists.D.The lack of journalistic etiquette shocked American readers.第53题According to the passage, how did Jacob Riis influence the reform of living conditions in New York?A.He showed social workers how to take effective photographs.B.He became the head of the New York Police Board of Commissioners.C.His photographs inspired powerful people to make changes.D.His accidents with flashlights led to a demand for fire regulations.第54题The phrase stand out in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.are fragileB.are importantC.are confusingD.are worthlessLook at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Once he set fire to his own clothes, and on another occasion he almost blinded himself.Riis was a member of the new generation of "muckraking" journalists that investigated corruption, injustice, exploitation, and poverty. Like the other muckrakers, Riis made it his mission to seek out and expose the darker side of society. A By today's standards of journalistic etiquette, he was very intrusive, feeling no need to get permission from his subjects before photographing them. B Riis and his assistants would burst into tenements and saloons, startling people with their cameras and flashlights. Many of the photographs were taken at night, requiring artificial lighting, which at the time consisted of flash cartridges fired from a revolver into a frying pan. C The explosive noise caused terror and confusion. On two occasions, Riis accidentally set fire to rooms he was photographing when the flash cartridge exploded in flames. D第56题An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The work of Jacob Riis was very influential in thesocial history of New York.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Riis was born in Denmark and moved to New York when he was twenty-one.B. Riis's stories and photographs exposed the poverty of people living in the Lower East Side.C. In the late nineteenth century, news photographs were rare because photography was still a new science.D. How the Other Half Lives revealed the shocking conditions in slums and sweatshops.E. New developments in photography made it possible to take photographs indoors and at night.F. Riis used photography and investigative journalism to inspire social reform.上一题下一题(57~63/共40题)听力Play00:0003:26Volume第57题图片第58题What is the lecture mainly about?A.Reasons why the impasto texture remains experimentalB.Changes over time in the way impasto characteristics are createdC.The different skills between impasto and oil paintingD.The effects of impasto techniques that artists can achieve。
托福测试题及答案
托福测试题及答案1. 阅读部分阅读下列段落，然后回答问题。
段落：In recent years, the popularity of urban farming has surged in cities around the world. This trend is driven by several factors, including a desire for fresher and more sustainable food, as well as the need for urban green spaces that can improve the quality of life for city dwellers. Urban farming can take many forms, from rooftop gardens to community plots, and it offers a range of benefits, such as reducing food miles, enhancing local food security, and providing opportunities for community engagement.问题1：城市农业的流行是由哪些因素推动的？A. 追求新鲜和更可持续的食物B. 城市居民对生活质量的改善需求C. 减少食物里程和增强当地食品安全D. 所有上述因素答案1：D. 所有上述因素问题2：城市农业可以采取哪些形式？A. 屋顶花园B. 社区地块C. 屋顶花园和社区地块D. 以上都不是答案2：C. 屋顶花园和社区地块2. 听力部分听录音材料，然后回答问题。
录音材料：[录音内容省略]问题1：演讲者主要讨论了什么主题？A. 环境保护B. 教育改革C. 科技发展D. 健康饮食答案1：D. 健康饮食问题2：演讲者提到了哪些健康饮食的好处？A. 提高能量水平B. 减少慢性疾病风险C. 改善心理健康D. 所有上述好处答案2：D. 所有上述好处3. 口语部分根据以下提示，准备并回答口语问题。
托福考试阅读试题及答案
托福考试阅读试题及答案在日常学习、工作生活中，我们或多或少都会接触到试题，试题是用于考试的题目，要求按照标准回答。
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最新托福考试阅读试题及答案1阅读题目：Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633-foot humphreys peak in the san francisco peaks in arizona, plant life changes radically. starting among the cacti of the sonoran desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless alpine tundra at the summit. it may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in what can be called “communities” – groupings of interacting species. the idea is that over time, plants that require particular climate and soil conditions come to live in the same places, and hence are frequently to be found together. scientists who study the history of plant life are known as paleobotanists, or paleobots for short. they build up a picture of how groups of plants have responded to climate changes and how ecosystems develop. but are these associations, which are real in the present, permanent?a great natural experiment took place on this planet between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, when small changes in the earth’s orbit and axis of rotation caused great sheets of ice to spread from the poles. these glaciers covered much of north america and europe to depths of up to two miles, and then, as the climate warmed, they retreated. during this retreat, they left behind newly uncovered land for living things to colonize, and as those living things moved in they laid down a record we can read now. as the ice retreated and plants started to grow near a lake, they would release pollen. some would fall into the lake, sink to the bottom, and be incorporated into the sediment. by drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to read the record of successive plant life around the lake. the fossil record seems clear; there is little or no evidence that entire groups of plants moved north together. things that lived together in the past don’t live together now, and things that live together now didn’t live together in the past. each individual organism moved at its own pace. the fossil record seems to be tellineuver – to respond to environmental changes.1. what is the passage mainly about?(a) the effects of the ice age on plants(b) plant migration after the ice age(c) the need to develop a new approach to environmental issues(d) communities of plants live at different altitudes2. the word “radically” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a) variably(b) demonstrably(c) quickly(d) dramatically3. the author mentions “cacti” in line 3 and a ”treeless alpine tundra” in line 4 to illustrate(a) changes in climate(b) the effects of the ice age(c) communities of plants(d) plant migration4. the word “which” in line 10 refers to(a) the responses of plants to climate changes(b) the current theories of ecosystems(c) the developments of ecosystems(d) plant life changes5. the word “axis” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(a) center(b) method(c) change(d) slowdown6. the word “successive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a) exng us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to matinct(b) consecutive(c) accumulative(d) following7. the passage states that by drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to find successive fossils of:(a) sediment(b) ice(c) plant life(d) pollen8. which of the following can be inferred from the passage(a) –that the migratory patterns of plants are dependent upon changes in climate(b) –that modern conservation methods should consider the migratory patterns of plants(c) –that current associations of plants are similar to those in the past(d) –that another ice age is likely to occur at some time9. according to the passage, the movement of individual species of plants(a) occurs in groups(b) often depends upon the formation of lakes(c) does not occur in groups(d) depends upon climate and soil conditions10. all of the following are true except(a) the ice age occurred when small changes affected the movement of the earth(b) fossil records seem to indicate that plants will be preserved if theyhave sufficient room to move(c) fossil records clearly show that entire groups of plants are unlikely to have moved together(d) in the ice age glaciers covered the world to depths of up to two miles【参考答案】：BBCDA BACAD最新托福考试阅读试题及答案2The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for theinstruction of watercolor Periodic exhibitions of the members paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the The societys activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the "Industry of All Nations" section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in NewThe society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconers studio, where it broke up amid No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a During that decade, though, Henry Warrens Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in 1856 — the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson,published in 1802 and by the 1850s long out ofIn 1866 the NationalAcademy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York Cityfounded The American Society of Painters in Water阅读题目：This passage is mainly about(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800s(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800s(C) a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800s(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800sThe year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City(C) John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters(D) The first book on watercolor painting was publishedThe word "securing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) locking(B) creating(C) constructing(D) acquiringAll of the following can be inferred about the Society for thepromotion of Painting inWatercolor EXCEPT:(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society(C) The society exhibited only the paintings of its(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of societyThe exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting inWatercolor was significant for which of the following reasons?(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private(C) It was the first important exhibition of the societys(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of theThe word "it" in line 15 refers to(A) time(B) group(C) building(D) studioWhich of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850s?(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition(C) The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in Water(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of Henry Warrens Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it(A) received an important reward(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting(C) was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction(D) attracted the interest of art collectorsThe word "considerable" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) sensitive(B) great(C) thoughtful(D) plannedThe year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?(A) Elements of GraphicArt was(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly(C) The neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City was(D) The NationalAcademy of Design held an exhibition of watercolorThe word "prominent" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) local(C) famous(D) organized阅读答案：BADCC BACBD C【最新托福考试阅读试题及答案】。
最新完整托福模拟题阅读
最新完整托福模拟题阅读(一)之老阳三干创作Questions 12-20 The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist In such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen. Astronomers hQuestions 12-20The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist In such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found In old stars, in relatively young ones, in interstellar gas, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds). It doesn't seem to make very much difference where the helium is found. Its relative abundance neverseems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; In others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent. The universe has not existed long enough for this figure to he significantly greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium now, then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning..However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled sufficiently that neutrons and protons could stick together. But the nuclear reactionsthat led to the formation of helium went on for only a relatively short time. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production had effectively ceased.12. what does the passage mainly explain?(A)How stars produce energy(B)The difference between helium and hydrogen(C)When most of the helium in the universe was formed(D)Why hydrogen is abundant13. According to the passage, helium is(A) the second-most abundant element in the universe(B) difficult to detect(C) the oldest element in the universe(D) the most prevalent element in quasars14. The word "constituents" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) relatives (B) causes (C)components (D) targets15. Why does the author mention "cosmic rays't' in line 7?(A)As part of a list of things containing helium(B) As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle(C) To explain how the universe began(D) To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe16. The word "vary" in line 10 is closest ill meaning to(A) mean (B) stretch (C) change (D) include17. The creation of helium within stars(A) cannot be measured (B) produces energy(C) produces hydrogen as a by-product(D) causes helium to be much more abundant In old stars than In young star:18. The word "calculated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) ignored (B) converted (C) increased (D) determined19. Most of the helium in the universe was formed(A) in interstellar space (B) in a very short time(C) during the first minute of the universe's existence(D) before most of the hydrogen20. The word "ceased" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A)extended (B)performed (C)taken hold(D)stoppedHormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially,on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internalprocesses such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up theendocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, soscientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes ofalleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone WordStrment therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) desire (B) origin (C) science (D) chemical28. The word it in the passage refers to(A) secretin (B) small intestine (C) bloodstream (D) pancreas29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) remembered (B) surprised (C) invented (D) motivated30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical producedin the body must(A) be part of the digestive process(B) influence the operations of the nervous system(C) affect processes in a different part of the body(D) regulate attitudes and behavior31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3are categorized according to(A) whether scientists understand their function(B) how frequently they release hormones into thebody(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the bloodParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) misunderstood (B) precise (C) significant(D) simple33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) sudden (B) small (C) changing (D) noticeable34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) decreased (B) advertised (C) prescribed(D) researched36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal(B) Adults with strong digestive systems(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment(D) Children who may remain abnormally small37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone WordStrment therapy?These sentences are highlighted in the passage.(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The bodyis a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.Answer ChoicesThe term hormone is based on a Greek word that means "to excite" or "to set in motion."Researchers are lookingfor ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone WordStrment therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.Answer KeysReading：27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D35. A 36. D 37. A 38. third square39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of ….。
最新完整托福模拟题阅读
最新完整托福模拟题阅读(一)欧阳家百（2021.03.07）Questions 12-20 The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist In such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen. Astronomers hQuestions 12-20The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist In such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found In old stars, in relatively young ones, in interstellar gas, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds). It doesn't seem to make very much difference where the helium is found. Its relative abundance never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly moreof it; In others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent. The universe has not existed long enough for this figure to he significantly greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium now, then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning..However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled sufficiently that neutrons and protons could stick together. But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of helium went on for only a relatively short time. By the time the universe wasa few minutes old, helium production had effectively ceased.12. what does the passage mainly explain?(A)How stars produce energy(B)The difference between helium and hydrogen(C)When most of the helium in the universe was formed(D)Why hydrogen is abundant13. According to the passage, helium is(A) the second-most abundant element in the universe(B) difficult to detect(C) the oldest element in the universe(D) the most prevalent element in quasars14. The word "constituents" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) relatives(B) causes(C)components(D) targets15. Why does the author mention "cosmic rays't' in line 7?(A)As part of a list of things containing helium(B) As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle(C) To explain how the universe began(D) To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe16. The word "vary" in line 10 is closest ill meaning to(A) mean(B) stretch(C) change(D) include17. The creation of helium within stars(A) cannot be measured(B) produces energy(C) produces hydrogen as a by-product(D) causes helium to be much more abundant In old stars than In young star:18. The word "calculated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) ignored(B) converted(C) increased(D) determined19. Most of the helium in the universe was formed(A) in interstellar space(B) in a very short time(C) during the first minute of the universe's existence(D) before most of the hydrogen20. The word "ceased" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A)extended(B)performed(C)taken hold(D)stoppedHormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an indiv idual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in theendocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers andfamily physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) desire(B) origin(C) science(D) chemical28. The word it in the passage refers to(A) secretin(B) small intestine(C) bloodstream(D) pancreas29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) remembered(B) surprised(C) invented(D) motivated30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must(A) be part of the digestive process(B) influence the operations of the nervous system(C) affect processes in a different part of the body(D) regulate attitudes and behavior31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to(A) whether scientists understand their function(B) how frequently they release hormones into the body(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the bloodParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) misunderstood(B) precise(C) significant(D) simple33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) sudden(B) small(C) changing(D) noticeable34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions e xtensively.35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) decreased(B) advertised(C) prescribed(D) researched36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal(B) Adults with strong digestive systems(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment(D) Children who may remain abnormally small37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?These sentences are highlighted in the passage.(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question thewisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.Answer ChoicesThe term hormone is based on a Greek word that means "to excite" or "to set in motion."Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.Answer KeysReading：27. B28. A29. D30. C31. D32. C 33. B34. D35. A36. D37. A38. third square39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangersof ….。
新托福阅读考试案例题2篇(附答案)
共两篇美索不达米亚（苏美尔）文明Mesopotamia的背景：美索不达米亚（亚洲西南部小亚细亚地区Tigris和Euphrates两河流域间的古王国, 今伊拉克所在地）。
美索不达米亚古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。
可能在公元前5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。
这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。
蒙古侵略者在公元1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小。
纳米比亚地区，一种civilization 还和埃及比较了一下。
关于两河civilization和Egypt civilization的。
他们同时存在，有交流，但没有一方压倒另一方。
Egypt的体制根两河的政治体制不一样，一个united under 一个什么体制下，另外一个则由于地理条件的制约不存在united format。
另外两河的文明很少有tangible substance留下来，因为他们的architecture structure与Egypt不一样，对他们文字的研究也是通过发掘fragment的方法研究的。
还讲了两河的local lord,这人不是fiction的，他对他那个city state具有很大的influence，文中讲到的是economic aspect.同时，他传话通过一个叫做人君的人传话。
讲Mesopotamia的culture，和Egypt的文化对比。
因为两者是两河流域的同时发展起来的文化（考：Mesopotamia文化是独立于Egypt的文化）然后讲述Mesopotamia culture的特点：建筑物没有Egypt的牢固，文化没有文字记载等。
有个考题：location of Ur。
）1.astonishing这个词是什么意思？amazing2.在公元XXX年，尼罗文化和M文化同时发展。
对原文这句话的同意改写。
2022年托福考试阅读理解练习题及答案新
2022年托福考试阅读理解练习题及答案更多精彩尽请关注我！Passage 1Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures thatwere primarily functional,carrying over traditional designs that went back to theMiddle Ages.During the first half of the eighteenthcentury,however,houses began toLine show a new elegance.As wealth increased,more and more colonists built fine houses.(5)Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies,the design ofbuildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook tointerpret architectural manuals imported from England.Inventories of colonial librariesshow an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders,and the houses erectedduring the eighteenth century show theirinfluence.Nevertheless,most domestic(10)architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a widedivergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted inhouses of improved design.whether the material was wood,stone,or brick.NewEngland still favored wood,though brick houses became common in Boston and other(15)towns,where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material.Afew houses in New England were built of stone,but only in Pennsylvania and adjacentareas was stone widely used in dwellings.An increased use of brick in houses andoutbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland,but wood remained the mostpopular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.In the Carolinas,even in(20)closely packed Charleston.Wooden houses were much more common than brickhouses.Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over theirpredecessors.Windows were made larger and shuttersrge,clear panesreplaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.Doorways were larger and(25)more decorative.Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.Walls were made ofplaster or wood,sometimes elaborately paneled.White paint began to take the place ofblues,yellows,greens.and lead colors,which had been popular for walls in the earlieryears.After about 1730,advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began toappear in colonial newspapers.32.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses(B)A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses(C)The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses(D)The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses33.What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century North America?(A)More architects arrived in the colonies.(B)The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.(C)Bricks were more readily available.(D)The colonists had more money to spend on housing.34.According to the passage,who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century North America?(A)Professional architects(B)Customers(C)Interior decorators(D)Carpenters35.The passage implies that the rules outlined in architectural manuals were(A)generally ignored(B)legally binding(C)not strictly adhered to(D)only followed by older builders36.The word"divergence"in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A)description(B)development(C)difference(D)display37.The word"durable"in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A)attractive(B)expensive(C)refined(D)long-lasting38.Where was stone commonly used to build houses?(A)Virginia(B)Pennsylvania(C)Boston(D)Charleston39.The word"dwelling"in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A)houses(B)towns(C)outbuildings(D)rural areas40.The word"predecessors"in line 23 refers to(A)colonists who arrived in North America in the seventeenth century(B)houses constructed before the eighteenth century(C)interior improvements(D)wooden houses in Charleston41.The author mentions elaborately paneled walls in line 26 as an example of(A)how the interior design of colonial houses was improved(B)why walls were made of wood or plaster(C)how walls were made stronger in the eighteenth century(D)what kind of wood was used for walls after 173042.The word"elaborately"in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A)done in great detail(B)put together carefully(C)using many colors(D)reinforced structurally43.What does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before 1730?(A)Wallpaper samples appeared in the architectural manuals.(B)Wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints used.(C)Patterned wallpaper was not widely used.(D)Wallpaper was not used in stone houses.44.Where in the passage does the author give a reason why brick was the preferred material for houses in some urban areas?(A)Lines 9-11(B)Lines 13-15(C)Lines 17-19(D)Lines 23-24参考答案：ADDCC DBABA ACB文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
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托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟题（含答案）托福阅读文本：The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes —not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made all their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomo people used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways.托福阅读题目：1. What best distinguished Pomo basketsfrom baskets of other groups?(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs(B) The unusual geometric(C) The absence of decoration(D) The rare materials used2. The word "fashion" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) organize(C) trade(D) create3. The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT(A) shells(B) feathers(C) leaves(D) bark4. What is the author's main point in the second paragraph?(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.(C) The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.5. The word "others " in line 9 refers to(A) masters(B) baskets(C) pendants(D) surfaces6.According to the passage , a weft is a(A) tool for separating sedge root(B) process used for coloring baskets(C) pliable maternal woven around the warp(D) pattern used to decorate baskets7.According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?(A) bullrush(B) willow(C) sedge(D) redbud8. The word "article" in line 17 is close in meaning to(A) decoration(B) shape(C) design(D) object9. According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to therelationship between(A) bullrush and coiling(B) weft and warp(C) willow and feathers(D) sedge and weaving10. The word "staples" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) combinations(B) limitations(C) accessories(D) basic elements11. The word "distinct" in lime 26 is closest in meaning to(A) systematic(B) beautiful(C) different(D) compatible12. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage ?(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of thePomo people.(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial purposes.(C) There were a very limited number of basketmaking materials available to the Pomo people.(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the years.托福阅读模拟题答案：BDCBB CBDAD CA。