扬州汉陵苑中英文导游词

各位游客：欢迎大家来到汉陵苑。汉陵苑是第一代广陵王刘胥及王后的合葬墓，距今已有两千多年历史。它是一处融汉代文物和扬州汉代文化的人文景观，为国家3A级景点。

我们沿坡地而上，可以看到一对形状像狮子、身上有羽翼的雕塑就是辟邪，它是诸侯王墓前的镇墓神兽，按照等级，皇帝陵前的镇墓神兽用天禄和麒麟。接着，我们看到的这两座门楼叫“阙”，它是古代宫殿和陵墓前的标志性建筑，通常左右各一，因两阙之间有空缺，故名阙或双阙，这里的双阙一大一小称为子母阙。石阙是作为铭记官爵、功绩和装饰之用的。

【广陵潮涌】

各位游客：我们现在参观的是广陵潮涌。广陵潮在两千多年前是扬州特有的一种自然景观，当时钱塘江潮还未形成，每年中秋前后四面八方的诸侯都汇集到广陵观潮，场面非常壮观，汉代诗人、辞赋家枚乘在其名作《七发》中地广陵潮作了精彩的描绘。历史上的扬州曾经在三个朝代非常兴盛，第一个就是汉代，其后为唐代、清代。汉代广陵物质文化的高度繁荣第一次将扬州推向颠峰。所以用“广陵潮涌”来形容汉代扬州经济和文化的繁荣昌盛再也确切不过了。我们现在看到的《汉广陵大事年表》，它简要的记录了汉广陵几百年历史中发生的主要事件。我们还可以看到江都相董仲舒画像、江都公主刘细君出嫁图、张纲开河图等。我们现在看到的展橱下方，陈列的是汉代广陵的陶器、漆器、玉器、铜器。西墙中间这张汉代市井图，上面绘有杀猪、宰羊、杂技、和尚化缘等情景，反映了汉代广陵城的繁荣景象。北墙上有全国可考证的十座“黄肠题凑”式木椁墓一览表。旁边的这座木椁模型就是全国保存最为完整的广陵王刘胥的黄肠题凑式木椁模型。这是甘泉山二号砖石墓的模型，是东汉广陵王刘荆夫妇的合葬墓，墓中出土了“广陵王玺”、错银铜牛灯等珍贵文物，有人认为，隋朝的赵州桥拱形结构，是最早运用力学原理的典范，而事实上早在两千多年前广陵人就已经运用了。

【王陵地宫】

各位游客：我们现在站的地方就是王陵地宫。大家看到了中心墙面上的这幅壁画了吗？它反映了刘胥临终前的夜晚，在显阳殿设宴，招待太子、重臣的悲壮场面。刘胥是汉武帝之子，臂力过人，封为广陵王，执政64年，因觊觎天子之位，多次用女巫做法，案发后被追究。临终之夜，感慨人生，追悔不已，自缢而亡。

我们现在看到的是神居山模型，神居山为广陵王刘胥墓的原址，是广陵国内唯一的一座玄武岩石山，是150万年前火山喷发形成的。

我们现在看到的地宫是完全按照神居山一号汉墓建造的模型，用两千多年前“黄肠题凑”木椁墓的原件复原而成。总面积达237㎡，耗费楠木540立方米，它由外藏椁、黄肠题凑、正藏椁等部分组成。

这是第一层“外藏椁”出土的大量的男女木佣，车马具等随葬品，这说明汉代废除了活人殉

这第二层叫“黄肠题凑”，即木椁。它是中国古代一种特殊的葬制，是帝王陵墓中的重要组成部分。“黄肠”是指黄心的柏木，“题凑”是指题头，即树干靠近根部的一端向内聚合，拼凑而成的结构。广陵王刘胥墓中的“黄肠题凑”，与其它同类墓葬相比，其用料之大、制作之精、结构之严、保存之好，确为惊世之作。

这是第三层正藏椁中出土的成套的饮食用具沐浴用具等，它将扬州的饮食文化和沐浴文化的历史推到两千多年前。

大家随我来看一下四周橱窗里陈列的文物，这些文物以及相关的图表、照片，生动的再现了广陵国人民的智慧与才干。

我们现在回到前室，大家来参观一下这边的金缕玉衣。金缕玉衣也是帝王陵墓中重要组成部分。这件金缕玉衣是根据刘胥墓中出土的残片复制而成的，共用玉片2480块，其规格大小不一。金缕玉衣又称为玉匣子，因形状象衣服，故称为玉衣。古人认为玉可以保护人的精气不外泄，有防腐、护身的作用，同时也有辟邪之意。

【王后墓】

各位游客：我们现在参观的是王后墓。它与广陵王刘胥的陵墓同期出土，同属于帝王级的“黄肠题凑”葬制。大家看，前厅的右边是后宫的生活场景的复原，它再现了王后饮食的场面。中间的题凑是王后墓的“南门”封门题凑，其中一块的边角是树心，需生长数千年方可长成。现在我们看到的是在外藏椁中出土的12乘马车模型，车马呈南北向，马头一律向南，可能是为墓主人送葬的场面。

现在，我们来到二楼看台，看一下王后墓的整体全貌。

王后墓平面呈“中”字形，为岩坑竖穴式“黄肠题凑”木椁墓，用去楠木约450立方米。椁室分正藏椁和外藏椁两部分。正藏椁由题凑、中椁、内椁和东厢、西厢组成，内部空间采用对称布局，所设各门户关闭后，形成各自独立的空间；门户开启后，彼此又相互贯通。题凑与中椁之间的东西厢由通长二层搁板构成，搁板的南端有木梯一架，似可上一下，这种椁中置木梯的现象，在其它汉墓中较为少见。

各位游客，2000年江泽民主席专门陪同法国总统希拉克参观了汉陵苑，并欣然题词，希拉克总统写道：在此表示我诚挚的友谊和震憾。我也相信在看了汉陵苑后，大家一定也会震憾的。

[ ] Han palacesDear guests: welcome to the Han Tomb garden. Han tomb garden is the first generation of Guangling king Liu Xu and Queen 's joint tomb, dating back more than two thousand years of history. It is a melting of cultural relics of the Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty Y angzhou cultural landscape, is a national 3A level scenic spots.We along the slope up, one can see a pair of shaped like a lion, who had his wings sculpture is the evil spirits, it is feudal king

tomb beast before, according to the grade, the emperor before the tomb beast with detailed and kylin. Then, we see the two gate called "Que ", it is ancient palaces and tombs of landmark buildings, usually about one, because the two " between vacancy, named que or double que, the two towers and a small called lash que. Stone que is official, as the mind feat and ornamental purposes.[ ] Guangling waveDear guests: we now see is Guangling wave. Guangling tide two thousand years ago in Y angzhou is a unique natural landscape, the Qian Tang River tide has not formed, the annual Mid-Autumn around from all sides vassal come together at the Guangling tide, very spectacular scenes, the Han Dynasty poet, scholar Meicheng in the works, " seven " in the Guangling tide made wonderful description. The history of the Y angzhou in three dynasties flourished, the first is the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty thereafter. The material culture of Guangling 's prosperity will be the first in Y angzhou to the summit. So " in Guangling " to describe the Y angzhou economic and cultural thriving and prosperous again but the exact. We now see the " Han Guangling chronology ", it briefly recorded Han Guangling hundreds of years in the history of major events. We can also see Jiang Douxiang portrait of Dong Zhongshu, Princess Liu Xijun of Jiangdu married figure, Zhang Gang River map. We now see the exhibition cabinet below, the display is the Guangling pottery, lacquer, jade, bronze. The west wall intermediate the Han street map, depicting the pig, sheep, acrobatics, bonze mendicant and other scenes, reflects the Han Guangling city prosperity. The north wall has the verifiable ten " Huangchangticou " type timber-chambered tomb list. Next to the wooden coffin chamber model is the most complete preservation of the king of Guangling Liu Xu Huangchangticou type timber-chambered model. This is the spring hill two brick tomb models, is the Eastern Han Dynasty king of Guangling Liu Jing couple joint tomb, tomb unearthed in the "Guangling Wang Xi ", silver copper cattle lights and other precious artifacts, somebody thinks, Sui Zhaozhou Bridge arch structure, is the earliest example of using the principles of mechanics, and in fact early in Guangling two thousand years ago people have used.[ ] the Palace of the EarthDear guests: we now stand where is the Palace of the Earth. We see the center on the wall of the mural? It reflects the Liu Xu last night, in a conference, Y ang Temple, the prince was the tragic scenes. Liu Xu is the son of Emperor Wu of Han, muscle man, called the king of Guangling, ruling for 64 years, because of the pretenders, several witch practices, after the case was prosecuted. Last night, with life, very repent, hanged himself.We now see is God habitat Hill model, god mountain home is Guangling king Liu Xu's tomb site, Guangling is the only domestic a basaltic rock mountain, 1500000 years ago formed volcano eruption.We now see the Palace of the Earth is in full accordance with God in the mountain on the tomb built model, with more than two thousand years ago " Huangchangticou " timber-chambered tomb 's original restoration and. The total area of 237 square meters, our nanmu 540 cubic meters, which is composed of an outer reservoir chamber, Huangchangticou, is hiding himself and other components.This is the first layer of " Tibet himself " unearthed a large number of men and women in wood used, car harness and other funerary objects, indicating that the abolition of the living body style.The second layer is called " Huangchangticou ", namely the wooden coffin chamber. It is a kind of special Chinese ancient burial system, is an important part of the imperial mausoleum. " Y ellow intestinal " refers to the yellow heart wood, " collect " refers to the topic, namely the trunk near the roots of the end inward polymerization, a patchwork of structure. Guangling king Liu Xu tomb " Huangchangticou ", and other similar tombs, the materials of production, refined, strict structure, save the good, indeed for the marvel.This is the third layer is hiding coffin unearthed in the complete diet utensils bath