电子商务英语怎么说
电子商务专业英语作业翻译
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used.电子商务（电子商务或电子商务）是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网，特别是万维网上的。
在实践中，这项和一个新的术语，电子商务，往往交替使用。
网上零售，电子零售的术语有时用。
E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as , , and continues to grow.作为一个直接的零售购物，其24小时供应，全球性的，互动的能力，并提供自定义信息和订购，和多媒体，网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源，为全球的企业。
电子商务的英语怎么说
电子商务的英语怎么说电子商务是以信息网络技术为手段，以商品交换为中心的商务活动。
那么，你知道电子商务的英文怎么写吗?下面就让店铺来告诉你电子商务的英语的说法。
电子商务的英文释义the e-businessElectronic CommerceElectronic Commercial Affairs电子商务的英文例句从B2C电子商务发展策略角度可将其分为典型B2C电子商务、平台服务型电子商务和整合型B2C电子商务。
The development strategy of B2C e-commerce can be classified into the typical B2C e-commerce, platform service e-commerce and integrated B2C e-commerce.从电子商务的企业应用研究来看，介绍性内容多，电子商务局部应用研究多，如电子商务在采购过程中的应用、电子商务在客户关系管理中的应用等。
From the aspects of EC application introductory contents and partial applications researches like EC applications in terms of procurement and CRM are the majority.电子支付技术是电子商务中的核心技术，也是目前制约电子商务发展的一个根本性问题，移动电子商务也不例外。
Electronic Payment Technology is very important in electronic commerce aside m-commerce, which is a base problem that restricts the development ofm-commerce.信任缺乏已成为我国电子商务发展最大的障碍之一，如何建立和提高电子商务信任成为促进电子商务发展的关键。
电子商务英语专业名词
一、专业名词1，电子商务electronic commerce视频会议video conference不断增长ever –increasing供应商supplier内部运营internal operation组织organization交易transaction消费者consumer有效率的efficient有弹性的flexible2，电子邮件营销email marketing市场调研market research提高整体营销信息enhance overall marketing message 拓展网络exploit the web网络能力capabilities of the web离线营销活动offline marketing activities传统营销traditional marketing品牌的忠诚度brand loyalty传统促销方法traditional promotional methods营销策略marketing strategy3，电子银行electronic bank家庭银行home bank支付账单pay bills私人网络private network金融机构financial institutions银行服务banking services在线申请apply online4，电子支付electronic payment电子支票electronic checks电子货币electronic money经常账户checking accounts数据加密data encryption客户认证client authentication智能卡smart cards计算机硬盘computer hard disks银行部门banking sector小额支付small value payment5．网上购物流程the flow of shopping/purchasing online 迅速发展rapid growth/development虚拟商店virtual stores/shops产品规格specification电子银行cyber bank购物中心shopping center在线付款payment online确认订单confirmation of the order总金额total amount批号date code6，最终产品finished goods相关信息related information产地the point of origin运输与配送transport &services国际供应链管理international supply chain management预售服务pre-retailing services军事策略military strategy战时物资生产wartime material production集中于centering on战略物资补给strategic commodities supply 7,file transfer 文件传输digital cash 电子现金geographical location 地理位置on a global scale 在全球范围EDI 电子数据交换competition 竞争definition 定义manufacturer 生产商advertising 广告interaction 互动8 ,internet marketing 网络营销electronic mediu电子媒介affiliate marketing 会员营销merge…with…与…融为一体distribute products 配送产品community activities 社区活动marketing objectives 营销目的loyalty program 贵宾会员计划provide comprehensive information 提供综合信息commercialization 商业化9, virtual bank 虚拟银行online bank 在线银行physical bank 有形银行banking activities 银行业务credit unions 信用合作社credit card products 信用卡产品open a checking or savings account 开立支票或储蓄账户10, paper checks 纸质支票banking settlement system 银行结算系统payment data 支付数据secure communication protocols 安全通信协议secure payment protocols 安全支付协议server authentication 服务器认证prepaid cards 预付费卡electronic purses 电子钱包digital cash 数字现金access product 可存取的产品11, shopping online 在线购物business directories 企业名单purchasing process 采购流程authentication centre 认证中心surfing the internet 网上冲浪names of commodities 商品名称lead time 交货日期terms of payment 付款方式payment authentication 付款认证release the goods 发货12, the efficient and cost-efficient flow 有效而合算流动raw materials 原材料in-process inventory 半成品For the purpose of conforming to in motion and rest 为满足消费者需要the management of inventory in motion and rest 动态与静态的库存管理IT solutions 信息技术解决方案added-value 增值in military science 在军事科学方面the most crucial element 最关键的要素a network of transportation 运输网络二、句子翻译（1,2,14,17,18）（英→汉）1．1)in another word ，electronic commerce is the buying ，selling and trading of goods and services through private and public networks .换句话来说,电子商务是指通过私人或公众网络来买卖或交换货物和服务2)first stage of EC expansion is that with in the “connected ” or “online ” computer users .EC的首个发展阶段局限于“在线”计算机用户3)the second wave will come when more people get access to computers (via lowered computer prices or cheaper device )第二个高峰将会在更多人可以通过更低廉的价格或设备访问计算机的时候来临4)the third expansion is predicted to be from those with non-computer access to the global network :through broadcast TVs ,cable TVs ,telephone networks and new appliances .据预测，电子商务发展的第三次浪潮将会出现在不用电脑就能上网的技术发展方面，例如通过无线电视，有线电视，电话网络及新型的设备上网5)a widespread use of these cheaper access media represents the phase of “bringing workplace computers in to living room ”低价的接入设备的广泛使用代表着进入了“家庭办公”的新时代2，1)the conveniences afforded by electronic commerce is limitless .电子商务提供的便利是无止境的2)more than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data ,news and opinions .超过100个国家已经接入互联网，交换资料、新闻和言论。
什么是电子商务
什么是电子商务
电子商务，英文是Electronic Commerce，简称EC。
电子商务通常是指是在全球各地广泛的商业贸易活动中，在因特网开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器应用方式，买卖双方不谋面地进行各种商贸活动，实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易和在线电子支付以及各种商务活动、交易活动、金融活动和相关的综合服务活动的一种新型的商业运营模式。
电子商务涵盖的范围很广，一般可分为企业对企业(Business-to-Business，简称B2B)，或企业对消费者(Business-to-Customer，简称B2C)两种。
另外还有消费者对消费者（Customer-to-Customer，简称C2C)这种大步增长的模式。
有关电子商务的名词解释
●电子商务：(Electronic Commerce) 是网络化的新型经济活动，即基于互联网、广播电视网和电信网络等电子信息网络的生产、流通和消费活动，以实现整个商务过程的电子化、数字化和网络化，而不仅仅是基于互联网的新型交易或流通方式。
●B2B：Business To Business的简称。
指这样一种互联网企业以提供互联网展示推广平台的方式，为跨行业的各类企业的国际、国内贸易和即时沟通提供便利，同时也在线下为企业提供市场推广服务，特别是在交易会等场合的市场推广活动，是企业对企业的电子商务。
●B2C: 按电子商务的交易对象分类，BTOC，全称是Business to Customer，是指企业与消费者之间的电子商务模式。
一般以网络零售业为主，主要借助于Internet开展在线销售活动。
●C2C：按电子商务的交易对象分类，即CTOC，全称是Customer to Customer，是指消费者与消费者之间的电子商务模式。
由于是个人与个人之间的交易，C2C的特点就是大众化交易。
●网购：即网络购物，是指消费者通过购物网站获取商品信息，在发生购买意向后通过电子订购单发出购物请求，然后填写详细收货地址与联系方式，通过货到付款、第三方支付、银行在线支付、邮局电汇等形式支付当前消费额，之后厂商以快递形式发货至消费者的交易过程。
●第三方支付（工具）：是指与各大银行签约、并具备一定实力和信誉保障的第三方独立机构提供的交易支持平台。
在通过第三方支付平台的交易中，买方选购商品后，使用第三方平台提供的账户进行货款支付，由第三方通知卖家货款到达、进行发货；买方检验物品后，就可以通知付
款给卖家，第三方再将款项转至卖家账户。
电子商务英语词汇
电子商务英语词汇1、电子商务 Electronic Commerce (E-commerce)2、电子邮件 E-mail3、电子数据交换 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)4、电子公告板 Electronic Bulletin Board5、电子金融 Electronic Commerce, Electronic Finance6、电子咨询 Electronic Consulting7、电子签名 Electronic Signature8、电子安全 Electronic Security9、电子支付 Electronic Payment10、电子商务市场 E-commerce Marketplace11、网络营销 Online Marketing12、网络调查 Web Survey13、网络广告 Web Advertising14、网络贸易 Web Trading15、网络银行 Internet Banking16、网上商店 Online Store/Shop17、网络消费者 Web Consumer18、网络采购 Web Procurement19、网络数据 Web Data20、网络服务 Web Service商务英语的词汇特征商务英语，作为一种专门用途英语，与日常英语在词汇使用上有显著区别。
本文将详细探讨商务英语的词汇特征。
一、专业术语的使用商务英语中大量使用专业术语，这些术语具有高度的精确性和专业性。
例如，“国际贸易”（International Trade）、“股票市场”（Stock Market）、“供应链管理”（Supply Chain Management）等，这些词汇在其他类型的英语中可能较少使用或含义完全不同。
二、缩写和简写词的使用在商务英语中，常常使用缩写和简写词以提高沟通效率。
例如，“GDP”（国内生产总值）、“CEO”（首席执行官）、“FYI”（供参考）等。
电商平台英语词汇大全掌握电商平台运营的关键词
电商平台英语词汇大全掌握电商平台运营的关键词电商平台(E-commerce platforms) 是指通过网络将买家和卖家联系在一起，实现商品交易的在线平台。
作为电子商务的重要组成部分，电商平台在今天的商业领域发挥着非常重要的作用。
掌握电商平台运营的关键词汇对于从事电商行业的从业者来说，是非常必要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的电商平台英语词汇，帮助读者更好地了解和运营电商平台。
一、平台基础词汇1. E-commerce（电子商务）：指通过电子手段实现商品和服务的买卖活动。
2. Website（网站）：指通过互联网访问的页面或集合。
3. Online store（在线商店）：指基于网站的商业交易平台。
4. Shopping cart（购物车）：指网上商店中的功能，可以把想要购买的商品暂时放置在其中。
5. Payment gateway（支付网关）：指在线商店中，用户进行支付的接口和系统。
二、电商平台功能词汇1. Product listing（产品清单）：指电商平台中展示商品的列表。
2. Product description（产品描述）：指对商品进行详细叙述的文字或图文介绍。
3. Product category（产品分类）：指根据一定规则对商品进行分类整理的行为。
4. Search bar（搜索栏）：指在线商店中提供的搜索商品的输入框。
5. Filter（筛选）：指根据特定条件对商品进行筛选，以便用户快速找到所需商品。
6. Add to cart（加入购物车）：指将商品添加到购物车的操作。
7. Checkout（结账）：指用户完成购物流程，进行支付和确认订单的操作。
8. Order status（订单状态）：指订单在处理过程中的不同状态，如待处理、已发货、已完成等。
9. Customer reviews（客户评价）：指用户对商品和服务进行评价和反馈的内容。
三、电商平台营销词汇1. Promotion（促销活动）：指通过价格、奖励或其他手段吸引客户购买的活动。
电子商务英语词汇大全了解电子商务平台在线交易和电子支付的英文英语词汇
电子商务英语词汇大全了解电子商务平台在线交易和电子支付的英文英语词汇在当今数字化时代，电子商务已成为商业活动的主要形式之一。
为了在电子商务领域更好地理解和沟通，掌握相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。
本文将为您提供一份电子商务英语词汇大全，帮助您更深入地了解电子商务平台、在线交易和电子支付的相关术语。
一、电子商务平台相关词汇1. E-commerce platform - 电子商务平台2. Online marketplace - 在线市场3. Electronic storefront - 电子商店4. Online storefront - 在线商店5. B2B (Business-to-Business) platform - 企业对企业平台6. B2C (Business-to-Consumer) platform - 企业对消费者平台7. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) platform - 消费者对消费者平台8. M-commerce (Mobile commerce) platform - 移动商务平台9. Social commerce platform - 社交商务平台10. P2P (Peer-to-Peer) platform - 点对点平台二、在线交易相关词汇1. Online transaction - 在线交易2. Order placement - 订单下单3. Shopping cart - 购物车4. Payment gateway - 支付网关5. Checkout process - 结算流程6. Product listing - 商品清单7. Product description - 商品描述8. Shipping address - 收货地址9. Delivery options - 配送选项10. Customer reviews - 用户评价三、电子支付相关词汇1. Electronic payment - 电子支付2. Online payment - 在线支付3. Credit card payment - 信用卡支付4. Debit card payment - 借记卡支付5. E-wallet - 电子钱包6. Digital currency - 数字货币7. Payment processing - 支付处理8. Payment confirmation - 支付确认9. Payment security - 支付安全10. Payment gateway integration - 支付网关集成四、其他相关词汇1. E-business - 电子商务2. E-marketing - 电子营销3. Online advertising - 在线广告4. Customer relationship management (CRM) - 客户关系管理5. Logistics - 物流6. Supply chain management - 供应链管理7. Data analytics - 数据分析8. Cybersecurity - 网络安全9. Mobile app development - 移动应用开发10. User experience (UX) - 用户体验以上只是电子商务领域中的部分重要词汇，希望能对您在学习和实践过程中有所帮助。
电子商务名词解释英文版)
1.e-commerce ：The process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer；2.e-business：A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization；3.brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations：Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents；4.virtual (pure-play) organizations：Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online；5.click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations：Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel；6.electronic market (e-marketplace)：An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money, or information；7.Interorganizational information systems (IOSs)：Communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations；8.Intraorganizational information systems：Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations；9.intranet：An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols；10.extranet：A network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets；11.business-to-business (B2B)：E-commerce model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations；12.business-to-consumer (B2C)：E-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers；13.business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C)：E-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers；14.consumer-to-business (C2B)：E-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need；15.e-tailing：Online retailing, usually B2C；16.intrabusiness EC：E-commerce category that includes all internal organizational activities that involve the exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization；17.business-to-employees (B2E)：E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individual employees；18.consumer-to-consumer(C2C)：E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers；19.collaborative commerce (c-commerce)：E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online；20.e-learning：The online delivery of information for purposes of training or education；21.e-government：E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information from or to businesses or individual citizens；22.social computing：An approach aimed at making the human-computer interface more natural；23.Web 2.0：The second-generation of Internet-based services that let people collaborate and share information online in new ways, such as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies；24.social network：A category of Internet applications that help connect friends, business partners, or individuals with specific interests by providing free services such as photo presentations, e-mail, blogging, and so on using a variety of tools；25.social network service (SNS)：A service that builds online communities by providing an online space for people to build free homepages and that provides basic communication and support tools for conducting different activities in the social network；26.social networking：The creation or sponsoring of a social network service and any activity, such as blogging, done in a social network ；27.enterprise-oriented networks：Social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business；28.virtual world：A user-defined world in which people can interact, play, and do business. The most publicized virtual world is Second Life；29.digital economy：An economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies; also called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy；30.digital enterprise：A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of three basic objectives: reach and engage customers more effectively, boost employee productivity, and improve operating efficiency. It uses converged communication and computing technology in a way that improves business processes；31.corporate portal：A major gateway through which employees, business partners, and the public can entera corporate Web site；32.business model：A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself；33.revenue model:sales,transaction fees,subscription fees,advertising fees,affiliate fees,other revenue sources.1.e-marketplace：An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the three types of e-marketplaces are private, public, and consortia；2.marketspace：A marketplace in which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money (or for other goods and services), but do so electronically；3.digital products：Goods that can be transformed to digital format and delivered over the Internet；4.front end：The portion of an e-seller’s business processes through which customers interact, including the seller’s portal, electronic catalogs, a shopping cart, a search engine, and a payment gateway；5.back end：The activities that support online order fulfillment, inventory management, purchasing from suppliers, payment processing, packaging, and delivery；6.intermediary：A third party that operates between sellers and buyers；7.sell-side e-marketplace：A private e-marketplace in which one company sells either standard and/or customized products to qualified companies；8.buy-side e-marketplace：A private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers；9.storefront：A single company’s Web site where products or services are sold；10.e-mall (online mall)：An online shopping center where many online stores are located；11.Web portal：A single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information located inside and outside (via Internet) of an organization；Types of portals:commercial portal,corporate portals,publishing portals,personal portals12.mobile portal：A portal accessible via a mobile device；13.voice portal：A portal accessed by telephone or cell phone；mediaries：Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information flow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others；15.e-distributor：An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers) by aggregating the catalogs of many manufacturers in one place—the intermediary’s Web site；16.electronic catalogs (e-catalogs)：The presentation of product information in an electronic form; the backbone of most e-selling sites；17.enterprise search：The practice of identifying and enabling specific content across the enterprise to be indexed, searched, and displayed to authorized users；18.desktop search：Search tools that search the contents of a user’s or organization’s computer files, rather than searching the Internet；19.search engine：A computer program that can access databases of Internet resources, search for specific information or keywords, and report the results；20.electronic shopping cart：An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy while they continue to shop；21.auction：A competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers (forward auctions) ora buyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids；22.electronic auctions (e-auctions)：Auctions conducted online；23.forward auction：An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers. Bidders increase price sequentially；24.reverse auction (bidding or tendering system)：Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) ona request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism；25.“name-your-own-price”model：Auction model in which a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other terms) he or she is willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model that was pioneered by ；26.double auction：An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides；27.bartering：The exchange of goods and services；28.e-bartering (electronic bartering)：Bartering conducted online, usually in a bartering exchange；29.bartering exchange：A marketplace in which an intermediary arranges barter transactions；30.blog:A personal Web site that is open to the public to read and to interact with; dedicated to specific topics or issues；31.vlog (or video blog)：A blog with video content；32.micro-blogging：A form of blogging that allows users to write messages (usually up to 140 characters) and publish them, either to be viewed by anyone or by a restricted group that can be chosen by the user；33.Twitter：A free micro-blogging service that allows its users to send and read other users’updates；34.tweets：Text-based posts up to 140 characters in length posted to Twitter；35.tag：A nonhierarchical keyword or term assigned to a piece of information ；36.folksonomy ：The practice and method of collaboratively creating, classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content；37.social bookmarking：Web service for sharing Internet bookmarks. The sites are a popular way to store, classify, share, and search links through the practice of folksonomy techniques on the Internet and intranets；38.wiki (wikilog)：A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer; anyone may add, delete, or change content；39.avatars：Animated computer characters that exhibit humanlike movements and behaviors；40.customization：Creation of a product or service according to the buyer’s specifications；41.personalization：The ability to tailor a product, service, or Web content to specific user preferences；42.disintermediation：Elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers；43.reintermediation：Disintermediated entities or newcomers take on new intermediary roles；44.mass customization：A method that enables manufacturers to create specific products for each customer based on the customer’s exact needs；45.build-to-order (pull system)：A manufacturing process that starts with an order (usually customized). Once the order is paid for, the vendor starts to fulfill it；1.direct marketing：Broadly, marketing that takes place without intermediaries between manufacturers and buyers; in the context of this book, marketing done online between any seller and buyer；2.virtual (pure-play) e-tailers：Firms that sell directly to consumers over the Internet without maintaining a physical sales channel；3.click-and-mortar retailers：Brick-and-mortar retailers that offer a transactional Web site from which toconduct business；4.brick-and-mortar retailers：Retailers who do business in the non-Internet, physical world in traditional brick-and-mortar stores；5.multichannel business model：A business model where a company sells in multiple marketing channels simultaneously；6.electronic(online) banking or e-banking:various banking activities conducted from home or the road using an internet connection;also known as cyberbanking,birtual banking,online banking ,and home banking7.birtual banks:have no physical location;only conduct online transactions8.shopping portals:gateways to e-storefronts and e-malls;may be comprehensive or niche oriented9.shopping robots:tools that scout the web on behalf of consumers who specify search criteria10.disintermediation:the removal of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a given supply chain11.reintermediation:the process whereby intermediaries take on new intermediary roles12.cybermediation(electronic intermediation):the use of software(intelligent) agents to facilitate intermediation13.channel conflict:situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the taditional channels due to real or perceived damage from competitionproduct brokering:Deciding what product to buymerchant brokering:Deciding from whom (from what merchant) to buy a productmarket segmentation:The process of dividing a consumer market into logical groups for conducting marketing research and analyzing personal informationone-to-one marketing (relationship marketing): Marketing that treats each customer in a unique way personalization:The matching of services, products, and advertising content with individual consumers and their preferencesuser profile:The requirements, preferences, behaviors, and demographic traits of a particular customer cookie:A data file that is placed on a user’s hard drive by a remote Web server, frequently without disclosure or the user’s consent, which collects information about the user’s activities at a sitebehavioral targeting:Targeting that uses information collected about an individual’s Web-browsing behavior, such as the pages they have visited or the searches they have made, to select an advertisement to display to that individualcollaborative filtering:A market research and personalization method that uses customer data to predict, based on formulas derived from behavioral sciences, what other products or services a customer may enjoy; predictions can be extended to other customers with similar profilese-loyalty:Customer loyalty to an e-tailer or loyalty programs delivered online or supported electronically interactive marketing:Online marketing, facilitated by the Internet, by which marketers and advertisers can interact directly with customers, and consumers can interact with advertisers/vendorsCPM (cost per thousand impressions) :T he fee an advertiser pays for each 1,000 times a page with a banner ad is shownadvertising networks: Specialized firms that offer customized Web advertising, such as brokering ads and targeting ads to select groups of consumersbanner:On a Web page, a graphic advertising display linked to the advertiser’s Web pagespot buying: The purchase of goods and services as they are needed, usually at prevailing market prices strategic (systematic) sourcing:Purchases involving long-term contracts that usually are based on private negotiations between sellers and buyersdirect materials:Materials used in the production of a product (e.g., steel in a car or paper in a book) indirect materials:Materials used to support production (e.g., office supplies or light bulbs)MRO (maintenance, repair, and operation) :Indirect materials used in activities that support production vertical marketplaces:Markets that deal with one industry or industry segment (e.g., steel, chemicals)horizontal marketplaces:Markets that concentrate on a service, material, or a product that is used in all types of industriesprocurement management:The planning, organizing, and coordinating of all the activities relating to purchasing goods and services needed to accomplish the organization’s missionmaverick buying:Unplanned purchases of items needed quickly, often at non–pre-negotiated higher pricese-procurement:The electronic acquisition of goods and services for organizationsinternal procurement marketplace:The aggregated catalogs of all approved suppliers combined into a single internal electronic catalogbartering exchange:An intermediary that links parties in a barter; a company submits its surplus to the exchange and receives points of credit, which can be used to buy the items that the company needs from other exchange participantsdesktop purchasing:Direct purchasing from internal marketplaces without the approval of supervisors and without the intervention of a procurement departmentgroup purchasing:The aggregation of orders from several buyers into volume purchases so that better prices can be negotiatedconsortium trading exchange (CTE) :An exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies in an industry to provide industry-wide transaction servicespartner relationship management (PRM) :Business strategy that focuses on providing comprehensive quality service to business partnerssupply chain:The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customerssupply chain:A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologiesprocurement:The process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activities supply chain management (SCM) :A complex process that requires the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize production and increase throughput, decrease manufacturing time, optimize logistics and distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and overall reduce the costs associated with these activitiese-supply chain management (e-SCM) :The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chainsbullwhip effect:Erratic shifts in order up and down supply chainsradio frequency identification (RFID) :Tags that can be attached to or embedded in objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves to communicate with a reader for the purpose of uniquely identifying the object or transmitting data and/or storing information about the objectcorporate (enterprise) portal:A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company informationinformation portals:Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the datacollaborative portals:Portals that allow collaborationgroupware:Software products that support groups of people who share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their accomplishmentvirtual team:A group of employees using information and communications technologies to collaborate from different work basesvirtual meetings:Online meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countriesgroup decision support system (GDSS) :An interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makersernment-to-citizens (G2C)：E-government category that includes all the interactions between agovernment and its citizens；ernment-to-business (G2B)：E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses；ernment-to-government (G2G)：E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments；ernment-to-employees (G2E)：E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees；5.mobile government (m-government)：The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to business；6.e-learning：The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management；7.distance learning：Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources；8.virtual university：An online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet；tainment：The combination of education and entertainment, often through games；10.online publishing：The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet；11.e-book：A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device；12.knowledge management (KM)：The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary；13.consumer-to-consumer (C2C)：E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers；14.peer-to-peer (P2P)：Applications that use direct communications between computers (peers) to share resources, rather than relying on a centralized server as the conduit between client devices；1.short message service (SMS)：A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones；2.multimedia messaging service (MMS)：The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media；3.interactive voice response (IVR)：A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system；4.personal area network (PAN)：A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range；5.Bluetooth：A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances；6.wireless local area network (WLAN)：A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network；7.Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)：The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs；8.WiMax：A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections over a medium-size area such as a city；9.wireless wide area network (WWAN)：A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network；10.location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)：Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time；work-based positioning：Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the network；12.terminal-based positioning：Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations；13.global positioning system (GPS)：A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth；14.geographical information system (GIS)：A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information；15.pervasive computing：Invisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us；1.social media：The online platforms and tools that people use to share opinions, experiences, insights, perceptions, and various media, including photos, videos, and music, with each other；2.disruptors：Companies that introduce a significant change in their industries, thus causing a disruption in normal business operations；3.virtual (Internet) community：A group of people with similar interests who interact with one another using the Internet；4.mobile social networking：Members converse and connect with one another using cell phones or other mobile devices；5.business network：A group of people who have some kind of commercial relationship; for example, sellers and buyers, buyers among themselves, buyers and suppliers, and colleagues and other colleagues；6.business social network：A social network whose primary objective is to facilitate business connections and activities；7.Semantic Web：An evolving extension of the Web in which Web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted, and used by intelligent computer software agents, permitting them to find, share, and integrate information more easily；1.business continuity plan：A plan that keeps the business running after a disaster occurs. Each function in the business should have a valid recovery capability plan；2.cybercrime：Intentional crimes carried out on the Internet；3.exposure：The estimated cost, loss, or damage that can result if a threat exploits a vulnerability；4.fraud：Any business activity that uses deceitful practices or devices to deprive another of property or other rights；5.malware：A generic term for malicious software；6.phishing：A crimeware technique to steal the identity of a target company to get the identities of its customers；7.social engineering：A type of nontechnical attack that uses some ruse to trick users into revealing information or performing an action that compromises a computer or network；8.click fraud：Type of fraud that occurs in pay-per-click advertising when a person, automated system, or computer program simulates individual clicks on banner or other online advertising methods；9.identity theft：Fraud that involves stealing an identity of a person and then the use of that identity by someone pretending to be someone else in order to steal money or get other benefits；10.spyware：Software that gathers user information over an Internet connection without the user’s knowledge；11.spam：The electronic equivalent of junk mail；1.smart card：An electronic card containing an embedded microchip that enables predefined operations or the addition, deletion, or manipulation of information on the card；2.purchasing cards (p-cards)：Special-purpose payment cards issued to a company’s employees to be used solely for purchasing nonstrategic materials and services up to a preset dollar limit；3.card verification number ：Detects fraud by comparing the verification number printed on the signature strip on the back of the card with the information on file with the cardholder’s issuing bank；4.Address Verification System (AVS)：Detects fraud by comparing the address entered on a Web page with the address information on file with the cardholder’s issuing bank；5.Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network：A nationwide batch-oriented electronic funds transfer system that provides for the interbank clearing of electronic payments for participating financial institutions；6.order fulfillment：All the activities needed to provide customers with their ordered goods and services, including related customer services；7.back-office operations：The activities that support fulfillment of orders, such as packing, delivery, accounting, and logistics；8.front-office operations：The business processes, such as sales and advertising, which are visible to customers；9.e-logistics：The logistics of EC systems, typically involving small parcels sent to many customers’homes ；10.merge-in-transit：Logistics model in which components for a product may come from two (or more) different physical locations and are shipped directly to the customer’s location；11.rolling warehouse：Logistics method in which products on the delivery truck are not preassigned to a destination, but the decision about the quantity to unload at each destination is made at the time of unloading；12.enterprise resource planning (ERP)：An enterprisewide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing；13.sealed-bid auction：Auction in which each bidder bids only once; a silent auction, in which bidders do not know who is placing bids or what the bid prices are；14.Vickrey auction：Auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second highest bid；15.bundle trading：The selling of several related products and/or services together；Order fulfillment:all the activities needed to provide customers with their ordered goods and services,including related customer servicesBack-office operations:the activitees that support fulfillment of orders,such as packing,delivery,accounting,and logisticsFront-office operations:the business processes,such as sales and advertising,which are visible to customers e-logistics:the logistics of EC systems,typically involving small parcels sent to many customers’ homes(in B2C)ERP:an enterprisewide information system designed to coordinate all the resources,information,and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing.Sealed-bid auction:auction in which each bidder bids only once;a silent auction,in which bidders do not know who is placing bids or what the bid prices areVickrey auction:auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second highest bidBundle trading:the selling of several related products and/or services together。
电子商务平台英语词汇大全了解电商平台运营的关键词
电子商务平台英语词汇大全了解电商平台运营的关键词在当今数字化时代，电子商务平台已经成为了商业运营的重要方式之一。
为了更好地了解和运营电商平台，掌握相应的英语词汇是至关重要的。
本文将为您提供一份电子商务平台英语词汇大全，帮助您更好地理解和应用于电商平台运营。
一、平台基础词汇1. E-commerce（电子商务）: It refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.2. Platform（平台）: It is a digital space or website that provides a place for businesses and customers to interact and conduct transactions.3. Online Marketplace（在线市场）: It is a platform where multiple sellers can sell their products or services to customers.4. B2B（Business-to-Business）（企业对企业）: It refers to the business transactions between two or more companies.5. B2C（Business-to-Consumer）（企业对消费者）: It refers to the business transactions between a company and individual consumers.6. C2C（Consumer-to-Consumer）（消费者对消费者）: It refers to the business transactions between individual consumers.7. M-commerce（Mobile Commerce）（移动商务）: It refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through mobile devices.8. Payment Gateway（支付网关）: It is an online service that processes payments from customers to sellers.9. Logistics（物流）: It refers to the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption.10. Customer Support（客户支持）: It refers to the assistance and guidance provided to customers regarding products, services, or any other issues they may have.二、电商平台功能词汇1. Product Listing（产品列表）: It refers to the display and description of products or services on the platform.2. Search Engine Optimization（搜索引擎优化）: It is the process of improving the visibility and ranking of a website in search engine results.3. User Interface（用户界面）: It refers to the visual elements and design that allow users to interact with the platform.4. Shopping Cart（购物车）: It is a virtual cart that allows users to store selected items before checkout.5. Wish List（心愿单）: It is a feature that allows users to save and track products they are interested in purchasing.6. Order Tracking（订单跟踪）: It is the ability for customers to track the status and location of their orders.7. Customer Reviews（客户评价）: It is the feedback and opinions provided by customers regarding their experience with a product or service.8. Seller Rating（卖家评级）: It is the evaluation and rating given to sellers based on their performance and customer satisfaction.9. Promotions（促销活动）: It refers to the marketing activities and offers aimed at attracting customers and increasing sales.10. Analytics（分析）: It refers to the collection and analysis of data to gain insights and make informed business decisions.三、电商平台营销词汇1. Target Audience（目标受众）: It refers to the specific group of people that a marketing campaign is aimed at.2. Social Media Marketing（社交媒体营销）: It is the use of social media platforms to promote products or services.3. Influencer Marketing（影响者营销）: It is a form of marketing where influential individuals promote products or services to their followers.4. Email Marketing（电子邮件营销）: It is the use of email to send promotional messages, updates, or newsletters to customers.5. Content Marketing（内容营销）: It is a marketing strategy that involves creating and sharing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain customers.6. Paid Advertising（付费广告）: It refers to the practice of paying for ad space on platforms to promote products or services.7. Affiliate Marketing（联盟营销）: It is a performance-based marketing strategy where affiliates earn a commission for promoting products or services.8. Conversion Rate Optimization（转化率优化）: It is the process of improving the percentage of website visitors who take the desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a form.9. Retargeting（再营销）: It is a technique that involves showing ads to users who have previously visited a website, encouraging them to return and complete a purchase.10. Viral Marketing（病毒式营销）: It is a marketing strategy that aims to create content that spreads rapidly and widely among the target audience.总结：通过学习和掌握电子商务平台的英语词汇，您将能更深入理解和运营电商平台，为您的电商业务带来更多机遇。
电子商务英语词汇表
电子商务英语词汇表电子商务英语词汇表在当今全球化的商业环境中，电子商务已经成为企业和个人发展的重要策略。
为了更好地适应这一趋势，掌握电子商务相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。
本文将为您提供一份详尽的电子商务英语词汇表，帮助您扩展商务领域的词汇量。
一、电子商务基础词汇1. Electronic Commerce（电子商务）- The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.2. Online Shopping（网上购物）- The act of purchasing products or services through the internet.3. E-marketplace（电子市场）- An online platform where buyers and sellers come together to conduct business transactions.4. E-tailer（电子零售商）- An online retailer that sells products directly to consumers.5. B2B (Business-to-Business)（企业对企业）- Electronic transactions between businesses.6. B2C (Business-to-Consumer)（企业对消费者）- Electronic transactions between businesses and consumers.7. E-payment（电子支付）- The electronic transfer of funds for online purchases or transactions.8. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)（安全套接层）- A security protocol that ensures secure communication between a website and its users.9. E-commerce Platform（电子商务平台）- Online software or application that enables businesses to sell products or services online.二、电子商务经营词汇1. Digital Marketing（数字营销）- Online marketing activities to promote products or services using digital channels.2. SEO (Search Engine Optimization)（搜索引擎优化）- Strategies and techniques to improve the visibility and ranking of a website in search engine results.3. SEM (Search Engine Marketing)（搜索引擎营销）- Online advertising to promote websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results.4. Social Media Marketing（社交媒体营销）- Marketing activities that utilize social media platforms to engage with the target audience and promote products or services.5. Content Marketing（内容营销）- Creating and distributing valuable and relevant content to attract and retain customers.6. Conversion Rate（转化率）- The percentage of website visitors who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a form.7. Customer Acquisition（获客）- The process of attracting new customers to a business.8. Customer Retention（客户保留）- Strategies and activities aimed at keeping existing customers and encouraging repeat purchases.9. CRM (Customer Relationship Management)（客户关系管理）- A system or strategy to manage and analyze interactions with current and potential customers.10. Click-through Rate (CTR)（点击率）- The ratio of users who click on a specific link to the number of total users who view a page or advertisement.三、电子商务技术词汇1. E-commerce Website（电子商务网站）- An online platform that facilitates buying and selling of products or services.2. Mobile Commerce（移动商务）- Electronic transactions conducted through mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets.3. Responsive Design（响应式设计）- A website design that adjusts and adapts to different screen sizes, ensuring optimal viewing experience across multiple devices.4. Cloud Computing（云计算）- The practice of storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of using local servers or hard drives.5. Big Data（大数据）- Large and complex data sets that can be analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations.6. Artificial Intelligence (AI)（人工智能）- The simulation of human intelligence by computer systems to perform tasks such as natural language processing, problem-solving, and learning.7. Blockchain（区块链）- A decentralized and transparent digitalledger that records transactions across multiple computers.8. Data Encryption（数据加密）- The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.9. API (Application Programming Interface)（应用程序接口）- A setof rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate with each other.结语通过掌握这些电子商务相关的英语词汇，对于参与和拓展电子商务领域的工作或学习将会非常有帮助。
电子商务英语概述
电子商务英语概述电子商务（Electronic Commerce，简称E-commerce）是指利用计算机、网络和电子通信技术等信息技术手段，实现企业间的商业活动和消费者与企业之间的商业活动。
它具有全球性、交互性、实时性、自动化等特点，使得商业活动的传统模式得到颠覆和创新。
一、电子商务的发展自20世纪90年代以来，电子商务得到了快速的发展。
互联网的普及使得电子商务成为一种重要的商业模式。
电子商务的发展也推动了相关的技术和基础设施的进步，包括网络安全、电子支付、物流配送等方面。
二、电子商务的优势1、降低交易成本：电子商务减少了传统交易中的中间环节，降低了交易成本。
2、提高交易效率：电子商务可以实现实时通信，缩短了交易时间，提高了交易效率。
3、增加商业机会：电子商务打破了地域限制，扩大了商业范围，为企业提供了更多的商业机会。
三、电子商务的类型1、B2B（Business-to-Business）：指企业之间的电子商务，如阿里巴巴、京东等平台。
2、B2C（Business-to-Consumer）：指企业与消费者之间的电子商务，如淘宝、亚马逊等平台。
3、C2C（Consumer-to-Consumer）：指消费者之间的电子商务，如淘宝、拼多多等平台。
四、电子商务的未来趋势1、移动电商：随着智能手机和移动互联网的普及，移动电商将成为未来的重要趋势。
2、智能推荐：人工智能和大数据技术的应用将推动智能推荐的发展，为消费者提供更加个性化的购物体验。
3、社交电商：社交媒体和社交网络的发展将推动社交电商的发展，使得购物更加社交化。
电子商务已经成为现代商业的重要组成部分，它将继续影响和改变我们的生活方式和商业模式。
电子商务概论电子商务概述电子商务概论：电子商务概述随着互联网技术的不断发展，电子商务已成为一个全球性的热点话题。
越来越多的企业开始将其业务拓展到电子商务领域，借助互联网这一高效的交易平台，以实现更快、更便捷、更高效的业务运营和增长。
2023年成人英语学习的电子商务词汇英语知识点
2023年成人英语学习的电子商务词汇英语知识点随着电子商务的快速发展，掌握相关词汇成为了现代生活中必不可少的一部分。
尤其对于成人英语学习者来说，了解电子商务领域的英语词汇将有助于他们在职场中更好地应对各种挑战。
本文将介绍2023年成人英语学习的电子商务词汇英语知识点，帮助读者快速掌握相关概念和术语。
一、电子商务基础知识点1. E-commerce（电子商务）在电子商务中，这个术语指的是通过互联网和其他电子设备进行商业活动，包括在线购物、在线支付、电子市场等。
E-commerce是电子商务的简称，常被用于描述与在线交易相关的所有活动。
2. Online shopping（网上购物）这是指消费者通过互联网在线购买商品或服务的过程。
随着电子商务的兴起，越来越多的人选择网上购物来方便快捷地满足自己的需求。
3. Payment gateway（支付网关）在电子商务中，支付网关是指用于在线支付的技术系统。
它允许消费者通过银行卡、支付宝、PayPal等方式进行支付，并确保交易的安全性和准确性。
4. Logistics（物流）物流是指商品从供应商到消费者之间的运输、仓储和配送等物流管理活动。
在电子商务中，物流是确保商品能够准时送达客户手中的关键环节。
5. Customer relationship management (CRM)（客户关系管理）CRM是指通过有效管理和分析客户信息，以提高客户满意度和忠诚度的一系列策略和技术。
对于电子商务企业来说，CRM是实现客户关系的重要工具。
二、电子商务市场相关英语知识点1. B2B（Business-to-Business）（企业对企业）B2B是指企业之间通过互联网进行交易和合作的商业模式。
在B2B市场上，企业可以进行产品和服务的采购、销售以及合作。
2. B2C（Business-to-Consumer）（企业对消费者）B2C是指企业直接面向消费者进行销售的商业模式。
在B2C市场上，企业可以通过自己的网站、电子商务平台等直接向消费者销售产品和服务。
电子商务定义英文版
电子商务定义英文版Electronic Commerce (E-commerce)Electronic Commerce, commonly known as E-commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet or other electronic networks. It involves online transactions, electronic funds transfer, and the exchange of data and information through digital platforms. E-commerce has revolutionized the way business is conducted, allowing companies to reach a global audience and consumers to conveniently purchase products from the comfort of their homes.The concept of E-commerce can be traced back to the late 20th century when the internet became widely accessible. With the advent of E-commerce, traditional barriers such as distance and time zones were overcome, creating a borderless marketplace. It has opened up new opportunities for businesses, enabling them to expand their reach and diversify their customer base.There are various forms of E-commerce, each catering to different types of transactions. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce refers to the direct selling of products and services from businesses to individual consumers. This is the most common form of E-commerce, with examples including online retail platforms like Amazon and Alibaba.Business-to-Business (B2B) E-commerce involves transactions between businesses, where one business sells products or services to another business. B2B E-commerce platforms facilitate efficient procurement processes, streamline supply chain management, and reduce transaction costs.Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce facilitates transactions between individual consumers. Online marketplaces, such as eBay and Craigslist, provide a platform for individuals to buy and sell products to each other. This form of E-commerce has gained popularity due to its convenience and affordability.In recent years, mobile commerce (m-commerce) has emerged as a significant segment of E-commerce. With the widespread use of smartphones and mobile applications, consumers can now make purchases and conduct transactions on their mobile devices. M-commerce has enabled businesses to target consumers on the go and provide them with a seamless shopping experience.E-commerce has numerous advantages for both businesses and consumers. For businesses, it reduces operational costs by eliminating the need for physical stores and reducing personnel requirements. It allows businesses to gather valuable data on consumer behavior and preferences, enabling them to tailor their offerings and marketing strategies. E-commerce also provides businesses with a platform to reach a larger customer base, including international markets.Consumers benefit from E-commerce through increased convenience, access to a wider range of products and services, and competitive prices. Online reviews and ratings provide consumers with valuable information, helping them make informed purchase decisions. E-commerce also offers a personalized shopping experience, with recommendations based on individual preferences and browsing history.However, E-commerce also faces challenges and concerns. The security of online transactions and the protection of personal and financial information are critical issues. Cybersecurity measures, such as secure payment gateways and encryption technologies, are essential to maintain consumer trust. Additionally, addressing logistical challenges, such as last-mile delivery and product returns, remains a constant focus for E-commerce businesses.The future of E-commerce is promising, fueled by technological advancements and changing consumer behavior. Artificial Intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) are expected to revolutionize the E-commerce industry, enhancing the overall shopping experience. Similarly, the rise of social commerce, integration with social media platforms, and influencer marketing are reshaping the way businesses engage with consumers.In conclusion, E-commerce has transformed the way business is conducted globally. It has provided businesses with unprecedented opportunities for growth and expansion, while offering consumers convenience and a wide range of choices. As technology continues to evolve, E-commerce will continue to evolve, playing an increasingly significant role in the global economy.(1,044 words, excluding title)。
电子商务英文名词解释
电子商务英文名词解释1.e-commerce ：The process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer；2.e-business：A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization；3.brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations：Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents；4.virtual (pure-play) organizations：Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online；5.click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations：Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel；6.electronic market (e-marketplace)：An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money, or information；7.Interorganizational information systems (IOSs)：Communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations；8.Intraorganizational information systems：Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations；9.intranet：An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols；10.extranet：A network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets；11.business-to-business (B2B)：E-commerce model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations；12.business-to-consumer (B2C)：E-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers；13.business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C)：E-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers；14.consumer-to-business (C2B)：E-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need；15.e-tailing：Online retailing, usually B2C；16.intrabusiness EC：E-commerce category thatincludes all internal organizational activities that involve the exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization；17.business-to-employees (B2E)：E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individual employees；18.consumer-to-consumer(C2C)：E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers；19.collaborative commerce (c-commerce)：E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online；20.e-learning：The online delivery of information for purposes of training or education；21.e-government：E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information from or to businesses or individual citizens；22.social computing：An approach aimed at making the human-computer interface more natural；23.Web 2.0：The second-generation of Internet-based services that let people collaborate and share information online in new ways, such as socialnetworking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies；24.social network： A category of Internet applications that help connect friends, business partners, or individuals with specific interests by providing free services such as photo presentations, e-mail, blogging, and so on using a variety of tools；25.social network service (SNS)：A service that builds online communities by providing an online space for people to build free homepages and that provides basic communication and support tools for conducting different activities in the social network；26.social networking：The creation or sponsoring ofa social network service and any activity, such as blogging, done in a social network ；27.enterprise-oriented networks：Social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business；28.virtual world：A user-defined world in which people can interact, play, and do business. The most publicized virtual world is Second Life；29.digital economy：An economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies; also called the Interneteconomy, the new economy, or the Web economy；30.digital enterprise：A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of three basic objectives: reach and engage customers more effectively, boost employee productivity, and improve operating efficiency. It uses converged communication and computing technology in a way that improves business processes；31.corporate portal：A major gateway through which employees, business partners, and the public can enter a corporate Web site；32.business model：A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself；33.revenue model:sales,transaction fees,subscription fees,advertising fees,affiliate fees,other revenue sources.1.e-marketplace：An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the three types of e-marketplaces are private, public, and consortia；2.marketspace：A marketplace in which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money (or forother goods and services), but do so electronically；3.digital products：Goods that can be transformed to digital format and delivered over the Internet；4.front end：The portion of an e-seller’s business processes through which customers interact, including the seller’s portal, electronic catalogs, a shopping cart,a search engine, and a payment gateway；5.back end：The activities that support online order fulfillment, inventory management, purchasing from suppliers, payment processing, packaging, and delivery；6.intermediary：A third party that operates between sellers and buyers；7.sell-side e-marketplace：A private e-marketplace in which one company sells either standard and/or customized products to qualified companies；8.buy-side e-marketplace：A private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers；9.storefront：A single company’s Web site where products or services are sold；10.e-mall (online mall)：An online shopping center where many online stores are located；11.Web portal：A single point of access, through aWeb browser, to critical business information located inside and outside (via Internet) of an organization；Types of portals:commercial portal,corporate portals,publishing portals,personal portals12.mobile portal：A portal accessible via a mobile device；13.voice portal：A portal accessed by telephone or cell phone；mediaries：Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information flow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others；15.e-distributor：An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers) by aggregating the catalogs of many manufacturers in one place—the intermediary’s Web site；16.electronic catalogs (e-catalogs)：The presentation of product information in an electronic form; the backbone of most e-selling sites；17.enterprise search：The practice of identifying and enabling specific content across the enterprise to be indexed, searched, and displayed to authorized users；18.desktop search：Search tools that search thecontents of a user’s or organization’s computer files, rather than searching the Internet；19.search engine：A computer program that can access databases of Internet resources, search for specific information or keywords, and report the results；20.electronic shopping cart：An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy while they continue to shop；21.auction：A competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers (forward auctions) or a buyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids；22.electronic auctions (e-auctions)：Auctions conducted online；23.forward auction：An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers. Bidders increase price sequentially；24.reverse auction (bidding or tendering system)：Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on a request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2Bor G2B mechanism；25.“name-your-own-price”model：Auction model in which a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other terms) he or she is willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model that was pioneered by ；26.double auction：An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides；27.bartering：The exchange of goods and services；28.e-bartering (electronic bartering)：Bartering conducted online, usually in a bartering exchange；29.bartering exchange：A marketplace in which an intermediary arranges barter transactions；30.blog:A personal Web site that is open to the public to read and to interact with; dedicated to specific topics or issues；31.vlog (or video blog)：A blog with video content；32.micro-blogging：A form of blogging that allows users to write messages (usually up to 140 characters) and publish them, either to be viewed by anyone or by a restricted group that can be chosen by the user；33.Twitter：A free micro-blogging service thatallows its users to send and read other users’updates；34.tweets：Text-based posts up to 140 characters in length posted to Twitter；35.tag：A nonhierarchical keyword or term assigned to a piece of information ；36.folksonomy ：The practice and method of collaboratively creating, classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content；37.social bookmarking：Web service for sharing Internet bookmarks. The sites are a popular way to store, classify, share, and search links through the practice of folksonomy techniques on the Internet and intranets；38.wiki (wikilog)：A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer; anyone may add, delete, or change content；39.avatars：Animated computer characters that exhibit humanlike movements and behaviors；40.customization：Creation of a product or service according to the buyer’s specifications；41.personalization：The ability to tailor a product, service, or Web content to specific user preferences；42.disintermediation：Elimination of intermediariesbetween sellers and buyers；43.reintermediation：Disintermediated entities or newcomers take on new intermediary roles；44.mass customization：A method that enables manufacturers to create specific products for each customer based on the customer’s exact needs；45.build-to-order (pull system)：A manufacturing process that starts with an order (usually customized). Once the order is paid for, the vendor starts to fulfill it；1.direct marketing：Broadly, marketing that takes place without intermediaries between manufacturers and buyers; in the context of this book, marketing done online between any seller and buyer；2.virtual (pure-play) e-tailers：Firms that sell directly to consumers over the Internet without maintaining a physical sales channel；3.click-and-mortar retailers：Brick-and-mortar retailers that offer a transactional Web site from which to conduct business；4.brick-and-mortar retailers：Retailers who do business in the non-Internet, physical world in traditional brick-and-mortar stores；5.multichannel business model：A business modelwhere a company sells in multiple marketing channels simultaneously；6.electronic(online) banking or e-banking:various banking activities conducted from home or the road using an internet connection;also known as cyberbanking,birtual banking,online banking ,and home banking7.birtual banks:have no physical location;only conduct online transactions8.shopping portals:gateways to e-storefronts and e-malls;may be comprehensive or niche oriented9.shopping robots:tools that scout the web on behalf of consumers who specify search criteria10.disintermediation:the removal of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a given supply chain11.reintermediation:the process whereby intermediaries take on new intermediary roles12.cybermediation(electronic intermediation):the use of software(intelligent) agents to facilitate intermediation13.channel conflict:situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the taditional channels due to real or perceived damage from competitionproduct brokering: Deciding what product to buymerchant brokering: Deciding from whom (from what merchant) to buy a productmarket segmentation:The process of dividing a consumer market into logical groups for conducting marketing research and analyzing personal informationone-to-one marketing (relationship marketing): Marketing that treats each customer in a unique waypersonalization:The matching of services, products, and advertising content with individual consumers and their preferencesuser profile:The requirements, preferences, behaviors, and demographic traits of a particular customercookie:A data file that is placed on a user’s hard drive by a remote Web server, frequently without disclosure or the user’s consent, which collects information about the user’s activities at a sitebehavioral targeting:Targeting that uses information collected about an individual’s Web-browsing behavior, such as the pages they have visited or the searches they have made, to select anadvertisement to display to that individualcollaborative filtering:A market research and personalization method that uses customer data to predict, based on formulas derived from behavioral sciences, what other products or services a customer may enjoy; predictions can be extended to other customers with similar profilese-loyalty:Customer loyalty to an e-tailer or loyalty programs delivered online or supported electronically interactive marketing: Online marketing, facilitated by the Internet, by which marketers and advertisers can interact directly with customers, and consumers can interact with advertisers/vendorsCPM (cost per thousand impressions) : The fee an advertiser pays for each 1,000 times a page with a banner ad is shownadvertising networks: Specialized firms that offer customized Web advertising, such as brokering ads and targeting ads to select groups of consumers banner: On a Web page, a graphic advertising display linked to the advertiser’s Web pagespot buying: The purchase of goods and services as they are needed, usually at prevailing market pricesstrategic (systematic) sourcing:Purchases involving long-term contracts that usually are based on private negotiations between sellers and buyers direct materials:Materials used in the production of a product (e.g., steel in a car or paper in a book)indirect materials:Materials used to support production (e.g., office supplies or light bulbs) MRO (maintenance, repair, and operation) :Indirect materials used in activities that support production vertical marketplaces:Markets that deal with one industry or industry segment (e.g., steel, chemicals) horizontal marketplaces:Markets that concentrate on a service, material, or a product that is used in all types of industriesprocurement management:The planning, organizing, and coordinating of all the activities relating to purchasing goods and services needed to accomplish the organization’s missionmaverick buying:Unplanned purchases of items needed quickly, often at non–pre-negotiated higher pricese-procurement:The electronic acquisition of goods and services for organizationsinternal procurement marketplace:The aggregatedcatalogs of all approved suppliers combined into a single internal electronic catalogbartering exchange:An intermediary that links parties in a barter; a company submits its surplus to the exchange and receives points of credit, which can be used to buy the items that the company needs from other exchange participantsdesktop purchasing:Direct purchasing from internal marketplaces without the approval of supervisors and without the intervention of a procurement departmentgroup purchasing:The aggregation of orders from several buyers into volume purchases so that better prices can be negotiatedconsortium trading exchange (CTE) :An exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies in an industry to provide industry-wide transaction servicespartner relationship management (PRM) :Business strategy that focuses on providing comprehensive quality service to business partnerssupply chain:The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliersthrough factories and warehouses to the end customerssupply chain:A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologiesprocurement:The process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activitiessupply chain management (SCM) :A complex process that requires the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize production and increase throughput, decrease manufacturing time, optimize logistics and distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and overall reduce the costs associated with these activitiese-supply chain management (e-SCM) :The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chainsbullwhip effect:Erratic shifts in order up and downsupply chainsradio frequency identification (RFID) :Tags that can be attached to or embedded in objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves to communicate with a reader for the purpose of uniquely identifying the object or transmitting data and/or storing information about the objectcorporate (enterprise) portal:A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information information portals:Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the datacollaborative portals:Portals that allow collaborationgroupware:Software products that support groups of people who share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their accomplishmentvirtual team:A group of employees using information and communications technologies to collaborate from different work basesvirtual meetings:Online meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countries group decision support system (GDSS) :An interactive computer-based system that facilitates thesolution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makersernment-to-citizens (G2C)：E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens；ernment-to-business (G2B)：E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses；ernment-to-government (G2G)：E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments；ernment-to-employees (G2E)：E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees；5.mobile government (m-government)：The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to business；6.e-learning：The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management；7.distance learning：Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources；8.virtual university：An online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet；tainment：The combination of education and entertainment, often through games；10.online publishing：The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet；11.e-book：A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device；12.knowledge management (KM)：The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary；13.consumer-to-consumer (C2C)：E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers；14.peer-to-peer (P2P)：Applications that use direct communications between computers (peers) to share resources, rather than relying on a centralized server as the conduit between client devices；1.short message service (SMS)：A service that supports the sending and receiving of short textmessages on mobile phones；2.multimedia messaging service (MMS)：The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media；3.interactive voice response (IVR)：A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system；4.personal area network (PAN)： A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range；5.Bluetooth： A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances；6.wireless local area network (WLAN)： A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network；7.Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)：The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs；8.WiMax：A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections over a medium-size area such as a city；9.wireless wide area network (WWAN)： A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically overa cellular phone network；10.location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)：Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time；work-based positioning：Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sendinga signal or sensed by the network；12.terminal-based positioning：Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations；13.global positioning system (GPS)：A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth；14.geographical information system (GIS)：A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information；15.pervasive computing：Invisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us；1.social media：The online platforms and tools that people use to share opinions, experiences, insights, perceptions, and various media, including photos, videos, and music, with each other；2.disruptors：Companies that introduce a significant change in their industries, thus causing a disruption in normal business operations；3.virtual (Internet) community：A group of people with similar interests who interact with one another using the Internet；4.mobile social networking：Members converse and connect with one another using cell phones or other mobile devices；5.business network：A group of people who have some kind of commercial relationship; for example, sellers and buyers, buyers among themselves, buyers and suppliers, and colleagues and other colleagues；6.business social network：A social network whose primary objective is to facilitate business connections and activities；7.Semantic Web：An evolving extension of the Web in which Web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted, and used by intelligentcomputer software agents, permitting them to find, share, and integrate information more easily；1.business continuity plan：A plan that keeps the business running after a disaster occurs. Each function in the business should have a valid recovery capability plan；2.cybercrime：Intentional crimes carried out on the Internet；3.exposure：The estimated cost, loss, or damage that can result if a threat exploits a vulnerability；4.fraud：Any business activity that uses deceitful practices or devices to deprive another of property or other rights；5.malware：A generic term for malicious software；6.phishing：A crimeware technique to steal the identity of a target company to get the identities of its customers；7.social engineering：A type of nontechnical attack that uses some ruse to trick users into revealing information or performing an action that compromises a computer or network；8.click fraud：Type of fraud that occurs in pay-per-click advertising when a person, automatedsystem, or computer program simulates individual clicks on banner or other online advertising methods；9.identity theft：Fraud that involves stealing an identity of a person and then the use of that identity by someone pretending to be someone else in order to steal money or get other benefits；10.spyware：Software that gathers user information over an Internet connection without the user’s knowledge；11.spam：The electronic equivalent of junk mail；1.smart card：An electronic card containing an embedded microchip that enables predefined operations or the addition, deletion, or manipulation of information on the card；2.purchasing cards (p-cards)：Special-purpose payment cards issued to a company’s employees to be used solely for purchasing nonstrategic materials and services up to a preset dollar limit；3.card verification number ：Detects fraud by comparing the verification number printed on the signature strip on the back of the card with the information on file with the cardholder’s issuing bank；4.Address Verification System (AVS)：Detects fraudby comparing the address entered on a Web page with the address information on file with the cardholder’s issuing bank；5.Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network：A nationwide batch-oriented electronic funds transfer system that provides for the interbank clearing of electronic payments for participating financial institutions；6.order fulfillment：All the activities needed to provide customers with their ordered goods and services, including related customer services；7.back-office operations：The activities that support fulfillment of orders, such as packing, delivery, accounting, and logistics；8.front-office operations：The business processes, such as sales and advertising, which are visible to customers；9.e-logistics：The logistics of EC systems, typically involving small parcels sent to many customers’homes ；10.merge-in-transit：Logistics model in which components for a product may come from two (or more) different physical locations and are shipped directly to the customer’s location；11.rolling warehouse：Logistics method in which products on the delivery truck are not preassigned to a destination, but the decision about the quantity to unload at each destination is made at the time of unloading；12.enterprise resource planning (ERP)：An enterprisewide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing；13.sealed-bid auction：Auction in which each bidder bids only once; a silent auction, in which bidders do not know who is placing bids or what the bid prices are；14.Vickrey auction：Auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second highest bid；15.bundle trading：The selling of several related products and/or services together；Order fulfillment:all the activities needed to provide customers with their ordered goods and services,including related customer servicesBack-office operations:the activitees that support fulfillment of orders,such as packing,delivery,accounting,and logistics。
电子商务英文资料
Electronic Commerce1、Electronic CommerceElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World WideWeb.Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as Business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.2、The Advantages of Electronic CommerceToday, the Internet is reshaping the way business transactions are conducted. It is empowering both consumers and business by providing expanding markets and choices to not only national, but also international communities. It enriches competition in provide information and comparative choices.Buyer looking for the best deals may purchase goods from Singapore, the Hong Kong, Argentina or South Africa. With the Internet, the globalization of commerce has arrived, and both consumers and corporations have more choice to address their personal and corporate purchasing requirements. It raises global trade and global economic growth.The Internet is a vast new frontier of consumer-to-business andbusiness-to-business commerce. For consumers, Internet-based shopping holds an attraction because of its breadth of coverage and ease of use. Forcorporations, Internet-based commerce represents an as-yet largely untapped medium for expanding and growing of their business.Putting up a Web site to promote and display products, and then luring online shoppers in to look around at the offerings, however, is only one dimension of conducting business via the Internet. To realize the true potential of electronic commerce, an effective method of receiving payment for products sold or delivered through the Internet is a necessity. Developing and implementing effective and simple “cyber payment” methods is a major focus of current Internet-related research. While it is currently possible to make purchases over the Internet, this form of commerce has got yet gained sufficient popularity to deem it a significant factor in foreign trade. Still, it does have potential.The ability to order and pay for products over the Internet can revolutionize international trade. It can provide purchasers in one country with access to goods and services from another of which they might otherwise not even be aware.Since many governments restrict imports of certain products and regulate advertising and other marketing tools within their national borders, purchasers are often forced to choose from a limited-or even monopolistic-supply of a desired product. With Internet access, purchasers can scour the world in minutes to find the right product at the best price.Until recently, however, supplier used the Internet primarily for advertising purposes. All orders were taken either over the telephone or by mail. While this certainly opened the door and paved the way for Internet commerce, it still required that business be conducted through traditional methods. Shopping at these days is easy and convenient with home shopping networks and mail order catalogs. What has been added is Internet shopping. As you surf in the Internet and come across to some vendor’s home page you’ll be able to purchase commodities.3、The Prospect of Electronic CommerceWhile nobody is certain what the future will bring, we do know that the Internet recognizes no national borders. Electronic commerce is global in nature, so the Internet cannot help but to dramatically increase international trade. As trust and security issues are resolved---as they continue to be each day---companies around the world will add the software and hardware tools required to conduct their business on-line.Electronic commerce can only be done if the payment methods are secure and usable. Also possible juridical issues have to be solved before commerce can be done on a global scale.E-commerce activity over the Internet is currently at a relatively small fraction of what it will become. It is expected to grow almost 15 times from USD105 billion in 1999 to USD 1.4 trillion by 2003, according to Jupiter Research. This is the Internet demand side of the equation of exchange.For the supply side, economies of scale take on a whole new meaning. Sellers of goods and services can expect not only local opportunities, but also national and global reach. The Internet expands opportunities to small producers with worthy products, and thrusts them into competition with their multinational big brothers.As we can see, the number of people using Internet is increasing by 100% each year. Very soon just plain surfing isn’t going to be enough for them. Internet access providers, service providers, vendors and companies involved in Internet development have to come up with fast, secure, anonymous and easy to use solution to be used by customers, in order to make payments, who want to fully exploit Internet. Internet. The first company the hits global market big time, with application that is accepted by everyone (customers, vendors, official agencies, etc.), is going to be a major player.When fully implemented, the new technologies will provide users worldwide with numerous benefits for legitimate commerce. How, and to what extent, governments should and must become involved in regulating electronic commerce is an issue that is only now starting to surface.The ever-changing technology in electronic commerce and the introduction of new hardware, software, and service technology forces market participants to quickly and readily adjust their basic business strategies. Companies who want to participate in the worldwide electronic commerce revolution must adapt their electronic commerce service capabilities and product offerings to the requirements of the electronic commerce marketplace.简述电子商务1.电子商务电子商务，通常被称为电子贸易，包括购买和销售产品或服务通过电子系统，如互联网和其他计算机网络。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
电子商务英语怎么说
bsc e-commerce computing
e-business technology
ecommerce
e1ectroniccommerce
eb electronic business
ec electronic commerce
electronic commerce , e-business, e- commerce electronic commerce ， e－business
electronic commerce, e-business, e-commerce electronic commerce,ec
electronic commerce; e-business; e-commerce electronic commercial affairs
electroniccommerce
elektronische handelsgeschfte pl./e-business
msc e business
msc e-commerce
the e-business
Secure e - business inspires e - option confidence 安全电子商务环境增加电子服务信心
2.Secure model of e business information based on internet
的电子商务信息安全模型
3.Design of e commercial web for a large shopping mall
大型商场电子商务网站的设计
4.Application of web mining techniques in e - business
的数据挖掘在电子商务中的应用
5.Here is an italian e - commerce company named kael
我们是意大利一家电子商务公司
6.Research of e - commerce optimized management based on erp
的电子商务优化管理研究
ing asp . net to develop and design e - commerce website
的电子商务网站开发与设计
8.Strategies of developing enterprise e - commerce
企业展开电子商务存有的问题与对策
9.Shanghai kangyuan cable co . , ltd
上海康元电缆有限公司泰国电子商务途径ecthai . com
10.Electronic commerce and the consumer rights protection
电子商务与消费者权益保护。