热学PPT课件

(2) Plato: The fire is a kind of athletic manifestation
▪ At the beginning of 18 centuries, has the caloric theory says
The middle of 18 centuries, the first law of thermodynamics: The conservation law of energy; The second law of thermodynamics: Concerning the thermal process is irreversible.
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Thermal physics investigate is a system that constituted by a large numbers of particles.
For example: one mole of material includes 6.02 1023 molecules, supposing a superman
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thermal physics has two different kinds of describe methods: macroscopic and microscopic.
From observe and experiment summary come out with the thermal phenomenon regulation, constitute macroscopic theories of the thermal phenomenal, be called the thermodynamics. Statistical physics is the microscopic method to thermal physics.
4、《Thermal Physics》,C.B.P.Finn, Routledge & Kegan Paul plc, 1986； 5、《physics》, Jones/Childers, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2001。
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1.1 the object and method that thermal physics investigate Thermal physics is the science that concerning the thermal moving in material and the regulation contact with heat. It learns with mechanics, electromagnetism and the optics be called physical four greatest pillars in classic physics
to birth with cosmos at the same time, he can count 10 molecules every second, so until now after 16 billion years, he just counted only 107 mol molecules (one year= 3107 second).
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1.1.2 The development history of thermal physics
In the ancient Greece:(500 B.C.)
(1) Pythagoras: The fire is an independent and essential element of the nature (same with “five elements say”)
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Anther example: when two object which have different temperature contact with each other, the hot one will become cold, and the cold one will become hot. Till they attain the state that there have same temperature in everywhere. At this time, if no effect from outsider, two bodies will always keep this state, no longer take place any macroscopic variety.
quantum mechanics at 1926.
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从钻木取火到商周的青铜器 伽利略温度计 16世纪 (明)
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瓦特早期蒸气机
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1807年
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1823年
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้892年
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1.2 Equilibrium state of thermodynamics system
1.2.1 equilibrium state For instance: suppose an airproof container is divided into two fractions A and B, there is ideal gas in A (the pressure is p0) and vacuum in B ( see graph).
19 centuries, the kinetic theory of gases: heat is performance that molecule sport.
the kinetic theory of gases statistics mechanics
( apply to thermal radiation) quantum, development
Bilingual education：
Thermal physics
热学
instructor：
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教材及教学参考书: 1、 《热学》，秦允豪，高等教育出版社，2004年 第 二版；
2、 《热学》，李椿 章立源 钱尚武，高等教育出版社， 1979年第一版； 3、《热学》，赵凯华 罗蔚茵，高等教育出版社，1998 第一版；