方程式赛车转向系统设计(转向系统)

毕业设计（论文）

题目大学生方程式赛车设计(转向器设计)

2013年 5 月 30 日

方程式赛车转向系统设计（转向系统）

摘要

赛车转向系的设计对赛车转向行驶性能、操纵稳定性等性能都有较大影响。在赛车转向系设计过程中首先通过转向系统受力计算和UG草图功能进行运动分析，确定转向系的传动比，确定了方向盘转角输入与轮胎转角输出之间的角传动比为3.67；运用空间机构运动学的原理,采用Matlab软件编制转向梯形断开点的通用优化计算程序,确定汽车转向梯形断开点的最佳位置,从而将悬架导向机构与转向杆系的运动干涉减至最小；然后采用UG运动分析的方法,分析转向系在转向时的运动,求解内外轮转角、拉杆与转向器及转向节臂的传动角、转向器的行程的对应关系,为转向梯形设计及优化提供数据依据。

完成结构设计与优化后我们对转向纵拉杆与横拉杆计算球铰的强度与耐磨性校核以及对一些易断的杆件进行了校核计算，确保赛车有足够的强度与寿命。完成了对转向轻便性的计算，我们计算了转向轮的转向力矩M转，转向盘上作用力p手以及转向盘回转总圈数n，以确认是否达到赛车规则中所规定的要求以及转向的灵活性与轻便性。最后我们建立三维模型数据进行预装配，在软件上检查我们设计的转向系是否存在干涉等现象以及检查我们的转向系是否满足我们的设计要求，对我们的设计进行改进。

关键词：赛车，转向，UG，转向梯形，运动分析，齿轮齿条

The design of Formula front and rear suspension and steering system (steering system)

ABSTRACT

Steering System Design of a car has a significant impact of driving performance, steering stability. In the car design process, first through the steering force calculations and the UG kinetic analysis we determine the ratio of steering system, the relationship between the wheel angle input and output; The principles of spatial mechanism kinetics and a related optimization program by using Matlab are applied to the calculation of the spatial motion of the ackerman steering linkage. By using the method,the interference between suspension guiding mechanism and steering linkage is minimized; then UG kinetic analysis is used to analysis the motion of steering system when turning and calculating the corresponding relation between the turning angle of inside and outside wheels, the transmission angle of steering linkage and steering box or steering linkage and track-rod, and steering box stroke. And it provides a theoretical basis for designing and optimizing the steering trapezoidal mechanism.

After the work we calculate the ball joints tie rod strength and wear resistance, and some calculations was made on some dangerous bars, to ensure the car has enough strength and life. After carrying out a complete calculation of the portability, we calculate the torque of the wheel, the force of steering wheel on the hands and the total number of turns , to meet the requirements in the car rules. Finally, we set up pre-assembled three-dimensional model data, checking the steering we designed whether there is interference phenomena and to examine whether our steering meet our design requirements, to improve

our design.

KEY WORDS：FSAE，UG, steering trapezoid, motion analysis, rack and pinion

目录

第一章绪论 (1)

§1.1 Formula SA E 概述 (1)

§1.1.1 背景 (1)

§1.1.2 发展和现状 (2)

§1.2 中国FSAE发展概况 (2)

§1.3 任务和目标 (3)

第二章转向系设计方案分析 (4)

§2.1 赛车转向系概述 (4)

§2.2 转向系的基本构成 (4)

§2.3 转向操纵机构 (4)

§2.4 转向传动机构 (6)

§2.5 机械式转向器方案分析 (6)

§2.5.1 齿轮齿条式转向器 (6)

§2.5.2 其他形式的转向器 (8)

§2.5.3 转向器形式的选择 (9)

§2.6 赛车转向系统传动比分析 (9)

§2.7 转向梯形机构的分析与选择 (10)

§2.7.1 转向梯形机构的选择 (10)

§2.7.2 断开式转向梯形参数的确定 (10)

§2.7.3 转向系内外轮转角的关系的确定 (12)

§2.7.4 MATLAB内外轮转角关系曲线部分程序 (14)

第三章转向系主要性能参数 (16)

§3.1 转向器的效率 (16)

§3.1.1 转向器的正效率η+ (16)

§3.1.2 转向器的逆效率η- (17)

§3.2 传动比的变化特性 (17)

§3.2.1 转向系传动比 (17)

§3.2.2 力传动比与转向系角传动比的关系 (18)