专题04 溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”(解析版 )

How do bats live with so many viruses?

溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”

读前导读：

Part1：高级实词分类记

名词类：

1.outbreak/ˈaʊt.breɪk/n. 爆发

搭配短语：the outbreak of the Second World War

搭配短语：an outbreak of disease

2.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示

3.strain/streɪn/n.（病菌的）类型；品种；（肌肉）扭伤

4. trace/treɪs/ n. 痕迹；微量，少许

搭配短语：

a trace of smile一丝微笑

a trace of accent一点儿口音

a trace of emotion一丝感情

5.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；n. 主人；房主，屋主；主持人；主办方；宿主

6.mammal/ˈmæm.əl/n. 哺乳动物

7.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略

anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物

9.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）

10.sense n. 意思；感官

11.alliance/əˈlaɪ.əns/n. 联盟，联合

形容词和副词

1.previous以前的

2.eventually最后

3.disease-causing致病的

4.normally正常地

5.damaging破坏性的

6.weakened削弱

7.balanced平衡的

8.current现在的

9.essential本质的

10.equally同样地

动词

1.trace/treɪs/v. 追溯；查明…的起因；

2.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；

3.float/floʊt/v. 漂浮；飘散

4.curtail/kɚˈteɪl/v. 限制；缩短；减缩

Part2：高级词汇拓展

1.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示indicate（v. 指出，表明）

2.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略invade v. 侵犯，入侵

anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物organize v 组织；（古）形成有

机体

4.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）flame n. 火焰；v. 气得脸涨红inflame v.

让...激动；让...更生气

Part3：高级短语荟萃

1.handle something called DNA sensing.处理一种叫做DNA感应的东西。

2.energy demands of flight飞行能量需求

3.release bits of DNA释放少量DNA

4.respond to回应

5.indicate an invasion of提示入侵

6. a disease-causing organism致病的有机体

7.weaken that system削弱这个体系

8.be very damaging to the body对身体伤害很大

9. a weakened response反应减弱

10.maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’保持“有效反应”的平衡状态

Part4：原汁文章思维能力提升训练

If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually be traced back to bats.

One bat can host many different viruses without getting sick.

In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their investigation of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.

The energy demands of flight are so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.

Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very damaging to the body. They have a weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”

Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current one would most likely happen.

Dr. Peter Daszak, president of Eco Health Alliance, who has been working in China for 15years studying diseases that jump from animals to people, stressed that stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.

1、What does the word “inflammation”mean？

[ UC ] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury 发炎；炎症

2、What does DNA sensing mean?

cells in bats’ body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.

3. How to curtail future outbreaks of similar viruses?

stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and