TI官方文档：电容式触摸屏使用说明(风火轮)

Application ReportSLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software LibraryMSP430ABSTRACTThe objective of this document is to explain the process of getting started with the Capacitive Touch Software Library.There are multiple ways to perform capacitive touch sensing with the MSP430™.This document gives an overview of the methods available,the applicable target platforms and example projects to start development.Example projects accompanied with a step-by-step walkthrough of library configuration with the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack based on the LaunchPad™Value Line Development Kit(MSP-EXP430G2)using the MSP430G2452are also presented.Software collateral and Example Project Files for Code Composer Studio™4.2.1and IAR Embedded Workbench™5.20can be downloaded from the MSP430Capacitive Touch Sensing Landing Page.Contents1Overview of Capacitive Touch Sensing Methods (2)2Example Projects (3)3References (16)Appendix A Current Measurements (17)List of Figures1Library Architecture (2)2Capacitive Touch BoosterPack:Element Port/Pin Assignment (4)3File and Directory Structure (9)4Code Composer Studio New Project Wizard–Target MCU Device Selection Step (10)5Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Predefined/Preprocessor Symbols (11)6Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Enable GCC Extensions Option (12)7Code Composer Studio Project Explorer View(C/C++Tab) (12)8Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Include Options (13)9IAR Project Options–Target Device (14)10IAR Project Options–Preprocessor Options (14)11IAR Project Options–FET Debugger (15)12IAR Project Explorer View (15)List of Tables1Overview of Capacitive Touch Measurement Methods(Supported by the Library) (3)2Description of the Example Projects (10)3Current Measurements for Example Projects (17)MSP430,LaunchPad,Code Composer Studio are trademarks of Texas Instruments.IAR Embedded Workbench is a trademark of IAR Systems AB.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.………Overview of Capacitive Touch Sensing Methods 1Overview of Capacitive Touch Sensing MethodsThere are several methods of performing capacitive touch sensing using the MSP430family of devices.A combination of different peripheral sets across different device families can be used to measure thecapacitive touch response from a sensor.Figure1breaks down the architecture of the Capacitive Touch Software Library.The top layer is theApplication Layer that has user-defined application code.The layers underneath belong to the Capacitive Touch Library.The bottom layer is the Hardware Peripheral Layer that contains low-level functions forperipheral configurations.The Hardware Abstraction Layer(HAL)has functions for implementing sensing techniques using different peripheral sets.The next layer up is the Capacitive Touch Layer that contains high-level abstract functions for implementing sensor structures such as buttons,wheels and sliders.Note that the level of abstraction increases from left to right,where the Raw simply outputs raw counts versus the Wheel that outputs touch position.Figure1.Library Architecture2Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011 Example Projects Table1lists the different methods available.The Method Name column on the left hand side indicates the HAL Description Name as implemented in the Capacitive Touch Library.Details on each method andimplementation can be found in the Capacitive Touch Library Programmer's Guide(SLAA490)[1].Table1.Overview of Capacitive Touch Measurement Methods(Supported by the Library) Method Name Measurement Example MSP430 (HAL description)Sensing Type Peripheral Timer Gate Timer Benefits DevicesRO_COMPAp_TA0_WDTp Relaxation Comparator TimerA0Watchdog Enables low-power MSP430F20x1Oscillator(RO)COMPA+Timer WDT+mode during MSP430F4xxmeasurements RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp Relaxation Pin Oscillator TimerA0Watchdog Enables low-power MSP430G2xx2Oscillator(RO)Timer WDT+Modes duringmeasurements RO_PINOSC_TA0Relaxation Pin Oscillator TimerA0Software Does not use MSP430G2xx2Oscillator(RO)counter watchdog timerresourceRO_COMPB_TA0_WDTA Relaxation Comparator TimerA0Watchdog Enables low-power CC430FxxOscillator(RO)COMPB Timer WDTA Modes duringmeasurements RO_COMPB_TA1_WDTA Relaxation Comparator TimerA1Watchdog Enables low-power MSP430F55xxOscillator(RO)COMPB Timer WDTA Modes duringmeasurements RC_PAIR_TA0RC Time Digital I/O TimerA0N/A Simple All MSP430devicesConstant(RC)and resistor Implementation fRO_PINOSC_TA0_SW Fast Relaxation Pin Oscillator Software TimerA0Fast Scan Rate MSP430G2xx2Oscillator(fRO)counterDescriptions of the RO and RC principles can be found in PCB-Based Capacitive Touch Sensing WithMSP430(SLAA363)[2]and a detailed design guide for the RC-based single touch sensor can be found in the MSP430Capacitive Single-Touch Sensor Design Guide(SLAA379)[3].2Example Projects2.1Overview of the Example ProjectsThe example project uses the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack on the LaunchPad value line development kit with the MSP430G2452MCU.The LaunchPad is a low-cost development kit with a20-pin PDIPsocket,on-board programmer and debugger,universal serial bus(USB)communication to PC,etc.[4].Along with the8KB of Flash and256B of RAM,the MSP430G2452MCU has16touch-sense enabled input/output(I/O)pins that use the pin oscillator feature aforementioned in Section1[5].WheelP2.4 (up)P2.1 (left)P2.3 (right)P2.2 (down)P2.0 (proximity)P2.5 (middle)Example Projects 2.2Overview of the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack HardwareThe capacitive touch BoosterPack is based on the pin oscillator feature and illustrates three types ofsensors:Proximity,Button and Wheel(group of buttons).Figure2shows the layout of the sensors and port/pin definition to the MSP430G2452MCU.Figure2.Capacitive Touch BoosterPack:Element Port/Pin AssignmentThere are also nine LED elements that are multiplexed to indicate touch:four on either side and one for the middle element.For details on the schematic connections and PCB layout,see the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack User’s Guide(SLAU337)[6].2.3Configuring the Software LibraryThe Capacitive Touch Software Library must be configured with the port definition,sensing method,number of elements,and other factors.These factors can be configured in structure.c source code and structure.h header files.The following steps are presented using theRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One_Button Example where the sensing method is RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp and the sensor structure comprises of one button(the middle element).1.Element Definition:Declare the element structure and assign the port/pin definition.Example:The middle element is mapped to P2.5(Port2/Pin5).Within the structure.c source code file://Middle Element(P2.5)const struct Element middle_element={.inputPxselRegister=(uint8_tt*)&P2SEL,.inputPxsel2Register=(uint8_t*)&P2SEL2,.inputBits=BIT5,//When using an abstracted function to measure the element//the100*(maxResponse-threshold)<0xFFFF//ie maxResponse-threshold<655.maxResponse=200+655,.threshold=200//Set threshold to zero for element characterization };Within the structure.h header file:extern const struct Element middle_element;4Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011 Example Projects NOTE:The threshold variable should be set to zero for the element characterization step.NOTE:The maxResponse variable is required to be set only for the wheel/slider implementationand is not needed for a single sensor implementation.For more details,see the CapacitiveTouch Library Programmer's Guide(SLAA490)[1]2.Sensor Structure Definition:Declare the sensor structure and define the sensing method,number ofsensor elements,the gate timer source,and the measurement window.Example:The sensor structure:•Comprised of one element(the middle element)•Sensing method is the relaxation oscillator using the pin oscillator feature•TimerA0is measurement timer;watchdog timer(WDT)is gate timerWithin the structure.c source code file://One Button Sensorconst struct Sensor one_button={.halDefinition=RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp,//Sensing Method.numElements=1,//#of Elements.baseOffset=0,//First element index=0//Pointer to elements.arrayPtr[0]=&middle_element,//point to middle element//Timer Information.measGateSource=GATE_WDT_ACLK,//0->SMCLK,1->ACLK.accumulationCycles=WDTp_GATE_64//64-Default};Within the structure.h header file:extern const struct Sensor one_button;3.Characterizing Element Performance:•Initialize Threshold:As mentioned in Step1,the threshold value should be initialized to zero for element characterization.•Configure the Gate Timer:This example uses the RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp method with the Watchdog timer used as the Gate Timer.The Gate Time will have a direct impact on the noiseimmunity,touch sensitivity,power consumption and overall performance of the sensor.–Adjust the Gate Timer Source(measGateSource)to source the WDT from eitherlow-frequency ACLK or high-frequency SMCLK.–Adjust the measurement window(accumulationCycles)to select between different WDT intervals.Example Projects Within the structure.c source code file://One Button Sensorconst struct Sensor one_button={.halDefinition=RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp,//Sensing Method.numElements=1,//#of Elements.baseOffset=0,//First element index=0//Pointer to elements.arrayPtr[0]=&middle_element,//point to middle element//Timer Information//Select Gate Timer Source for Watchdog Timer//.measGateSource=GATE_WDT_SMCLK,//SMCLK?.measGateSource=GATE_WDT_ACLK,//ACLK?//Select Measurement Window timeframe by selecting//the Watchdog Timer Input Clock divider setting//.accumulationCycles=WDTp_GATE_32768//32768//.accumulationCycles=WDTp_GATE_8192//8192//.accumulationCycles=WDTp_GATE_512//512.accumulationCycles=WDTp_GATE_64//64};•Setup the characterization function:Once the Gate Time has been configured,the main() function should call the Baseline tracking function and monitor the counts returned from theTI_CAPT_Custom()function.This action can be accomplished by un-commenting or declaring thefollowing compiler directive in the main.c source code file.//Uncomment to have this compiler directive run characterization functions only#define ELEMENT_CHARACTERIZATION_MODEWhen the compiler directive ELEMENT_CHARACTERIZATION_MODE is defined,the following codefor element characterization is compiled within main.c source code file.//Within the application layer source code file:main.c#include"CTS_Layer.h"//Delta Counts returned from the API function for the sensor during characterizationunsigned int dCnt;void main(void){WDTCTL=WDTPW+WDTHOLD;//Stop watchdog timer................................//Set up system clocksBCSCTL3|=LFXT1S_2;//LFXT1=VLO Clock SourceP1OUT=0x00;//Drive all Port1pins low................................//Initialize PortsP2DIR=0xFF;//Configure all Port2pins outputs//Initialize Baseline measurementTI_CAPT_Init_Baseline(&one_button,5);while(1){//Get the raw delta counts for element characterizationTI_CAPT_Custom(&one_button,&dCnt);__no_operation();//Set breakpoint here}}6Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011 Example Projects •Getting the Characterization Delta Counts:To get the delta counts for element characterization, set a breakpoint on the NOP following the TI_CAPT_Custom()function and add the variable dCntto the Watch window.Run the program several times and record the value for the following twocases:–No Touch:No finger is touching the middle element and no conductive object in the immediate vicinity of the sensor.This is effectively characterizing the background noise.Record themaximum value of dCnt in this scenario as noTouchCnt.–Touch:A finger is touching the middle element or some conductive object is in the immediate vicinity of the sensor.This is effectively characterizing the touch response sensitivity.Recordthe minimum value of dCnt in this scenario as TouchCnt.4.Setting the Threshold Value:The threshold value should nominally be set to the middle of the range:threshold=(TouchCnt-noTouchCnt)/2.The threshold can be set higher or lower to increase noiseimmunity or increase sensitivity.NOTE:Setting a threshold value too low increases the probability of false triggers(and make itsusceptible to noise).Setting a threshold value too high causes the sensor to not recognizethe presence of a conductive object.Once the threshold value is calculated,the respective element structure should be updated with thenew value.For example,during the characterization process,noTouchCnt=100and TouchCnt=1000.The threshold value should be set to450.Within structure.c source code file://Middle Element(P2.5)const struct Element middle_element={.inputPxselRegister=(uint8_t*)&P2SEL,.inputPxsel2Register=(uint8_t*)&P2SEL2,.inputBits=BIT5,//When using an abstracted function to measure the element//the100*(maxResponse-threshold)<655.maxResponse=450+655,.threshold=450//Update the threshold after characterization NOTE:Steps3and4may have to be attempted multiple times to determine the appropriate gatetime for the PCB layout,neighboring element structures and application noise levels.This isan iterative fine-tuning process.ing API calls to achieve higher levels of abstraction:The library provides several API calls thatcan abstract out all of the inner workings,such as baseline tracking,rate of change,etc.These callsprovide the advantage of having streamlined code in the Application Layer.NOTE:All of the measurement API functions(with the exception of the TI_CAPT_RAW()function)update the baseline tracking.The TI_CAPT_Update_Baseline()and/orTI_CAPT_Init_Baseline()functions should be used if the sensor is not measured for a longperiod of time(during which drift over time in supply voltage,temperature,or environmentconditions may have occurred).Example Projects •Objective of the Sample Application:To detect touch of one button(middle element),the application calls the TI_CAPT_Button()API function.The function returns logic one or zero toindicate if there is a valid touch or not.This information is used to turn on the center LED on theCapacitive Touch BoosterPack.The LED serves as a visual indicator of center button touch.Between consecutive polling calls,the MSP430is placed into low-power mode(LPM3).Timer A0isused to implement a delay timeout feature to wake up from LPM3into Active Mode.This delay isprogrammable and can be adjusted in main.c source code file.#define DELAY5000//Timer delay timeout count-5000*0.1msec=500msec•Configuring the Sample Application:In main.c source code file,the compiler directive ELEMENT_CHARACTERIZATION_MODE should be commented out so that the application code(rather than characterization code)is compiled.//Comment to have this compiler directive run example application//#define ELEMENT_CHARACTERIZATION_MODE2.4Example ProjectsFigure3shows the directory and the file structure for the associated files that are available for download with this application report.•CCS:Contains Project folders and files for Code Composer Studio IDE•IAR:Contains Project folders and files for IAR Embedded Workbench•Library:Contains the Capacitive Touch Library Files(HAL and Application Layer)•Examples:Each folder within has code examples that provide a starting point for developing applications on different MSP430families using various implementations.(Sample Application andstructure definition files).The high-level API calls such as TI_CAPT_Custom(),TI_CAPT_Buttons(),etc.,consume more Flashmemory space but abstract the inner workings such as Baseline Tracking,Rate of Updates,Direction of Interest,etc.,from the Application layer.The resulting Application Layer is compact and any updates to the HAL or Layer functions do not require any modifications to the application code.The low-level API calls such as TI_CAPT_Raw()can be used to achieve lower Flash memory codefootprint but features such as baseline tracking will have to be implemented manually in the application code.This scenario can possess an advantage for very low-memory devices and yet obtain verylow-levels of power consumption.8Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011SLAC489+- - - Documentation+- - - Getting_Started_Projects||+- - - Library| CTS_HAL.c | CTS_HAL.h | CTS_Layer.c | CTS_Layer.h |+- - - Examples+- - - - -RO_PAIR_TA0| main.c | structure.c | structure.h |+- - - RO_COMPAp_TA0_WDTp | main.c | structure.c | structure.h |+- - - RO_COMPB_TA1_WDTA | main.c | structure.c | structure.h +- - - . . .+- - - . . .+- - - SourceRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One_Buttonmain.c structure.c structure.h +--- CCS| +--- RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One Button | +--- ...+--- IAR+--- RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One Button +--- ...+---+--- Example ProjectsFigure 3.File and Directory StructureExample Projects Table2.Description of the Example ProjectsAPI Sensor Flash RAM Example Name Level Structure Description(bytes)(1)(bytes)(1)(2) RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_Low Button(Middle Element)Turn the center LED on or off59618One_Button_Compact based on middle elementtouchRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_High Button(Middle Element)Turn the center LED on or off190014One_Button based on middle elementtouchRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_High Proximity Sensor Turn the center LED on or off190814Proximity_Sensor based on proximity sensordetectionRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_High Wheel(Group of Five Turn the center LED on or off225432Wheel_Buttons Buttons)based on the five wheelbuttons(1)Code Composer Studio4.2.1IDE was used to generate the Flash and RAM memory allocation results.(2)The default boot/rts stack size(0x50~80bytes)is not included in the RAM size.2.5Project Setup in Code Composer Studio IDEThe Code Composer Studio(CCS)Integrated Development Environment(IDE)can be used to build,download,and debug the project source code.NOTE:Code Composer Studio v4.2.1with MSP430Code Generation Tools v3.3.3was used tocreate the example projects.1.Initiate Code Composer Studio,File→New CCS Project,and follow the steps through the New ProjectWizard to create a project for an example.For more information on new project setup,please refer tothe Code Composer Studio v4.2User's Guide for MSP430User's Guide(SLAU157)[7].2.Select the appropriate target MCU device.In the case of the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack,select theMSP430G2452MCU(as shown in Figure4).Figure4.Code Composer Studio New Project Wizard–Target MCU Device Selection Step10Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011 Example Projects3.Ensure that the preprocessor/predefined symbol in the Project Build Options matches the target MCUdevice(as displayed in Figure5).Figure5.Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Predefined/Preprocessor Symbols11 SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedExample Projects 4.Enable the GCC Extensions for the Project Build(as shown in Figure6).•Go to Project→Properties to bring up the Project properties dialog.•On left side,select C/C++Build.•On right side,under Configuration Settings,select the Tab Tool Settings→MSP430Compiler→Language Options→Enable Support for GCC extensions(--gcc).Figure6.Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Enable GCC Extensions Option5.Link the Capacitive Touch Library(HAL and Layer)and the Example Project files(Main and Structure)to the project:Project→Link Files to Active Project.For directory structure and file path,seeSection2.3.The Project configuration should look similar to Figure7.Figure7.Code Composer Studio Project Explorer View(C/C++Tab)12Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments Incorporated Example Projects6.Add the path of the directories to the Include Path Option(as shown in Figure8).Figure8.Code Composer Studio Project Properties Window–Include Options7.Download and debug the example project:Target→Debug Active Project.13 SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedExample Projects 2.6Project Setup in IAR Embedded Workbench IDEThe IAR Embedded Workbench(IAR)Integrated Development Environment(IDE)can be used to build, download and debug the project source code.NOTE:IAR Embedded Workbench6.0with MSP430v5.20was used to create the exampleprojects.1.Initiate IAR,Project→Create New Project,and follow through the steps of giving a new project namewith MSP430to create a new project.For more information on new project setup,see the IAREmbedded Workbench Version3+for MSP430User's Guide(SLAU138)[8].2.Select the appropriate target MCU device,Project→Options,General Options and Target Tab.In thecase of the Capacitive Touch BoosterPack,select the MSP430G2452MCU(as shown in Figure9).Figure9.IAR Project Options–Target Device3.Ensure that the preprocessor/predefined symbol in the Project Options→C/C++Compiler matchesthe target MCU device(as displayed in Figure10).Add the path of the directories to the Additionalinclude directories input box.Figure10.IAR Project Options–Preprocessor Options14Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments Incorporated Example Projects4.Select FET Debugger as the Debugger option to download and debug the example project(as shownin Figure11).Figure11.IAR Project Options–FET Debugger5.Add the Capacitive Touch Library(HAL and Layer)and the Example Project files(Main and Structure)to the project:Project→Add Files.The Project configuration should look similar to Figure12.Figure12.IAR Project Explorer View6.Download and debug the example project:Project→Download and Debug.15 SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedReferences 3References1.Capacitive Touch Library Programmer's Guide(SLAA490)2.PCB-Based Capacitive Touch Sensing With MSP430(SLAA363)3.MSP430Capacitive Single-Touch Sensor Design Guide(SLAA379)4.MSP-EXP430G2LaunchPad Experimenter Board User’s Guide(SLAU318)5.MSP430G2x52,MSP430Gx12Mixed Signal Microcontroller Data Sheet(SLAS722)6.Capacitive Touch BoosterPack User’s Guide(SLAU337)7.Code Composer Studio v4.2User's Guide for MSP430User's Guide(SLAU157)8.IAR Embedded Workbench Version3+for MSP430User's Guide(SLAU138)16Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedAppendix A Current MeasurementsThe current measurements for the example projects are presented in Table3.Note that thesemeasurements represent typical values(averaged)only.Table3.Current Measurements for Example ProjectsExample Name Configuration Voltage Current Range RO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One Middle Element Button 3.3V 2.4µA Touch One_Button_CompactScan Time=500msec 3.0V 2.0µAWDT source=ACLK/64 2.5V 1.4µAACLK=VLO(~12kHz) 1.8V0.9µAGate Time~5.3msec/elementRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_One Middle Element Button 3.3V 2.6µA Touch One_ButtonScan Time=500msec 3.0V 2.1µAWDT source=ACLK/64 2.5V 1.7µAACLK=VLO(~12kHz) 1.8V1µAGate Time~5.3msec/elementRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_STRUCTURE_CONFIG_0(1) 3.3V 2.5µA 1.5cm Proximity_SensorScan Time=500msec 3.0V2µA1cmWDT source=ACLK/64 2.5V 1.5µA0.5cmACLK=VLO(~12kHz) 1.8V 1.1µA TouchGate Time~5.3msec/elementRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_STRUCTURE_CONFIG_1(1) 3.3V9.5µA 2.5cm Proximity_SensorScan Time=500msec 3.0V8µA2cmWDT source=ACLK/512 2.5V6µA 1.8cmACLK=VLO(~12kHz) 1.8V3µA 1.5cmGate Time~42.6msec/elementRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_STRUCTURE_CONFIG_2(1) 3.3V20µA 3.5cm Proximity_SensorScan Time=500msec 3.0V17.5µA3cmWDT source=SMCLK/8192 2.5V14µA 2.8cmSMCLK=DCO(~1MHz) 1.8V9µA 2.5cmGate Time~65.5msec/elementRO_PINOSC_TA0_WDTp_Four Wheel Buttons+ 3.3V8.5µA Touch Wheel_ButtonsOne Middle Element Button 3.0V7µAScan Time=500msec 2.5V 4.8µAWDT source=ACLK/64 1.8V 2.6µAACLK=VLO(~12kHz)Gate Time~5.3msec/element(1)The compiler directive for the structure configuration should be defined at the top of structure.c source file.Current Measurement Setup:•On the LaunchPad,remove all Jumpers on J3:V,TXD,RXD,RST and TEST.CC•On the LaunchPad,remove resistor R34,the pull-up resistor on P1.3and pushbutton switch S2.NOTE:R34removal is necessary for low-current measurements.•If a pull-up resistor is required,configure the Port registers on P1.3to use the internal on-chip pull-up resistors.17 SLAA491B–April2011–Revised July2011Getting Started With Capacitive Touch Software Library Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedIMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments Incorporated and its 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