2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换比较等级和名词的数素能

词性转换、比较等级和名词的数第一组Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name“superbug”.The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options.” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments.“If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。

❶解析：考查非谓语动词。

此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。

❷解析：考查动词时态。

此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。

❸解析：考查形容词。

此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。

❹解析：考查名词。

介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。

human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。

❺解析：考查冠词。

ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。

❻解析：考查定语从句。

that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。

❼解析：考查介词。

固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。

❽解析：考查副词。

副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。

故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。

❾解析：考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，require 和amount 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

○10解析：考查动词时态和语态。

根据时间状语“at one time ”可知，treat 所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat 和infections 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

Ⅱ.短文改错(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries ，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note.“Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him.“Let me tell you story ，” he said.“My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning ，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But ，here ，please accept this. It ’s your mother ’s flowers.”答案：After the supermarket cashier added to upmy groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I am was about to remove items embarrassed embarrassedlyfrom the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note.“Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him.“Let me tell you ∧astory ，” he said.“My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower flowers . I went this morning, and she got verymuchangry with me for spend spendingmy money on more flowers. She demanded that I did do something else with that money. But So， here, please accept this. It ’s your mymother ’s flowers.” ❶解析：to 改为up 。

超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。

add to 表示“添加”，add up “把……加起来”，故此处应把to 改为up 。

❷解析：am 改为was 。

此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。

❸解析：embarrassed 改为embarrassedly 。

此处用副词embarrassedly “尴尬地”来修饰动词remove 。

❹解析：story 前加a 。

story 为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story 的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a 。

❺解析：flower 改为flowers 。

根据flower 是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。

a bunch of flowers “一束花”。

❻解析：删除angry 前的much 。

此处修饰形容词angry ，应用very ，much 多余。

❼解析：spend 改为spending 。

介词后应使用动名词作宾语。

❽解析：did 改为do 。

demand “要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。

故把did改为do。

❾解析：But改为So。

根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。

10解析：your改为my。

根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。

○第二组Ⅰ.语法填空(2017年11月浙江高考)Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIt’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，s __1. anit__ ongoing proces’and the best part of the process is that theres enough rooms’，，tfor improvemen__’2. whichll just keep getting better and better. Of course__ means yonyou have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in__ the rest of your lif4. foryour teens would be enough __es also true for building，’and thatyour vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the ____ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You5. effectiveneed to ____ (real) read at least one good book a wee6. reallyk，preferably a classic. This t as hard as i’isnt ____ (sound7. sounds，)and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while ____ (read) an interesting piece of literature.8. reading__ (they) use unconscio Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. theirusly，10. learned/learntmeaning that you will tend to use the words ____ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。