北师语言学真题回忆版

2009年以前考试04年语言学试卷I. Define the following terms:20 points2.1) Ian gue3.2) parole4.3) alloph one5.4) sema ntic field6.5) cohesi on7.8. to identify the possible paradigmatic relation between any items in the following poem by Lu Xun 10po ints9. 岂有豪情似旧时？10. 花开花落两由之。

II. 何期泪洒江南雨，12. 又为斯民哭健儿！13.13. some lexical items to illustrate social dialects. Try to explain their points15.16.4. What can this rule mea n in En glish grammar? 10 poi nts17.18. {D}---[-id]/[t]---19.20.5. Define the following sounds in terms of articulatory features10 points21.22. to tell some of the similarities and differe nces betwee n En glish and Chin esenominal constructions. Supply some points23.23. can use the pattern “ it is ” to emphasize any part of a sentence except the predicate. What can we do if we must emphasize it ? Please give examples tohighlight your emphasis of any part of this sentence :15po ints25.26.I bought a book in the city yesterday.27.28.8. Try to discuss as many as possible the desig n features of humarp oints29.30.9. Observe the followi ng senten ces:31.32. 老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。

33. 老王找到老张，才找到他自己的儿子。

34. 老王找到老张，才找到自己的儿子。

35. 老王找到老张，才找到儿子。

36.36. Which sentence is clear in its meaning? Which one is un clear? Try to expla in why.Point out some features of the Chin ese37. the follow ing 2 senten ces, and tell why we can assig n differe nt values to the year of fifteen:10 points She is already fifteen, and yet she is crying over such a smallthi ng.4O.She has done it very well;She is only fiftee n, you know.can lin guistics do for Ian guage lear ning and teach ing? (10 poin ts)Phrase (DP) is the n ame n ewly give n to the NP in gen erative grammar. A DP can be a form like1) a book;2) the book;3) books;4) the book.This name may be better than the old name of NP in that it reminds us of sth when we (Chinese speakers) learn or teach English. Do you agree to this? Try to tell anything sig nifica nt here. (10 poin ts)09年语言学试题1. defi ne the follow ing pho nemes.2.3.2. 解释下面的概念。

共6个，任选4个。

4. sememe image schema endocentric construction； cohort model ; displacement fun cti on of Ian guage； foregro unding.5.6.3. 最简单的一题。

题目给出几个关于lexical change的例子。

让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。

7. teleprinter+exchange ------8. WTO ------ World Trade Organization ---------9. bird young bird—any kind of bird -------10. stump the part of a tree trunk left protruding from the ground-to challenge ------11. temperature后面是这个词的音标注释，课本上有就是cha nge里面的12.13.4. 好像是从下面三个题目中选两个来解释一下14.15. f un cti ons of in flecti onal morpheme and derivatio nal morpheme.16.16. the releva nee theory18.19.5. 和第四题有点混。

都是解释给出的题目，从中选择几道。

19. 还有一个关于blending theory的问题，具体是什么不记得了，这部分实在看不懂。

22. the strong versi on and weak versi on of sapir-whorf hypothesis.23.23. the systemic-fu nctio nal grammar25.24. the English meet, they say 'it's a fine day', while we chinese say ' have you eaten'. dist in guish the differe nce in flue need by socioli nguistic factors. and give some other more examples please.27.25. is Ian guage tran sfer? what are the roles played by Ian guage tranfer?29.26. are the comp onents of com muni cative three of . if n ecesary.31.27. the following terms.33.28. summaritive assessme nt and formative assessme nt35.29. the bottom-up and top-dow n models in teach ing read ing37.30. to develop professi onal compete nce of Ian guage teach ing for teachers.10年语言学试卷1. defi ne the follow ing sound2. /d/ /j/ /i/ /y /shi /the following itemacronym conv erse antonym cohesi onthe structure of SYLLABLEis task-based Ian guage teach ing ?give two examples of tasksis "form-focused"instruction? why is there a renewed calls for itand make a contrast about the following pairscog nitive variables vs affective variablescog nitive strategies vs meta-cog nitive strategiesabout the main idea of Chomsky's transformational grammarthe follow ing dialogue and an swer the questi ons"where is joh n?""his car is in front of Mary's house "is the implicature in it ?the features of com muni cati on implicature, tell how can we can cell the implicature in the above dialogueis multi-intelligenee? tell the implication it gives to the practical second Ianguage learning and teach ingpeople think learner's competence of native Ianguage proficiency detemines orin flue nce his or her sec ond Ian guage loear ning .do you agree? illustrate your reas onsthe relatio nship between STEM , AFFIX and ROOTwith examples12. what are descriptive and prescriptive methodology of linguistics13. what is grammar awareness? how to improve the ability of it?11年语言学试卷1. define the following terms(5*5=25points)2. (1)displacement of Ianguage3. (2)Dist in ctive feature in pho no logy4. (3) cog nitive metaphor5. (4) foregro und theory in literature6. (5) Phrase Structure Grammer in TG7.8.2. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms in the field of Ianguage learning and teachi ng(3*5=15poi nts).9. (1)"top-dow n"process and "bottom-up"process10. (2)"extroversi on" and "in troversio n";11. (3)"co nten t validity" a nd "con strust validity" in testi ng;12.12. the following question briefly(2*10=20points)13. (1)What the mai n idea of Sap ir-Whorf Hypothesis?Do you agree or n ot?14. (2)How do you un dersta nd the cohesi on and cohere nce of a text?16.15. is Acculturation Theory? What implications does this theory have for the pratice of Ian guage teach ing and lear nin g?(1Opo int)18.16. are cognitive variables？In what ways do cognitive variables facilitate orcon stra in Ian guage acquisti on? (10po in ts)20.17. the Cooperative Principle and the four maxims put forward by did Sperber and Wilis on aim to develop from Grice in the Releva nce theory(15poi nts)22.23. you have just observed an English criteria would you like to use to evaluate the effective ness of the less on ?List at least 5 items and give your reas on s(10po in ts)24.24. with examples what Functional Grammar in systemic Functional Linguistic is.(15poi nts) 26.25. people claim that a learner's compete nee of his n ative Ian guage proficie ncy will determ in e,or in flue nce,his or her sec ond Ian guage you agree or disagree with this stateme nt?Give your reas on for argume nt.(15po in ts)28.29.10. "Wa nti ng to learn is more importa nt tha n hav ing to learn".How do you un dersta nd this stateme nt?How do you apply it in the En glish class?(15po in ts)12年语言学试卷I. What is assimilati onvelarization, nasalization, dentalizationtypes of noun plurality and list them in phonemic description(/z/, /s/, /iz/6 properties of sentence subject cite examplesis refere ntial theory. Tell about its drawbacks5 types of image schema, cite examples. Explain why it is importantof speech and thought represe ntatio n7. Linguistic corpus, how it applies in (1) Speech research (2) Lexical research (3) sema ntics research (4) sociological research (5) psychological research8. What are the Relati onal Process of the tran sitivity of the Systemic- Fun cti onal Grammar9. Explai n and comme nt on “ wh®oriie do as the Roma ns do", "Put yourself inother shoes", " One culture's meat is ano ther culture's pois on"10. conversational implicature on violation of Grice four maxims and cite examples11. compare and con trast12. (1) Extri nsic motivati on and in tri nsic motivati on "(2) Item facility and item discrimination in testing' (3)Quantitative research and qualitative research13. What is portfolio assessment, how to do a portfolio assessment and what is itsimporta nee / \14. Explain interlanguage theory and what we can learn from it.15. Task-based approach in teaching and explain" task design (2) teachers' role (3) stude nts' role16. about ways for con ti nued in vestigati on by teachers13年语言学试卷I. Definition ( 4'*5=20')Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis，foregro unding, t-unit，curriculum developme nt (or syllabus design)，content validityphones accordi ng to manner of articulatio n(题目已给出具体分类) and place of articulation (已给出具体分类)，voiced/voiceless. 12个音，共5 分of derivati onal and in flect ional morphemes, give examples(10')the objects in the followi ng sen ten ces be called objects in real sen se?(1)John hunteda tiger (2)John built a house (3) John climbed a mountain (4) John likes Mary (5) John smiled a sad smile (6)John plays tennis.antonyms和converse antonymsAlive:dead husband:wife presenrt: absent belove:aboveBefeore:after empolyer:employee seller:buyeris construal in cognitive linguistics? how many types of construal we usually have?explai n and give examples.（ATTENTION; JUDEJEMANT; PERSPECTIVE）®'performative and con stative verbs proposed by Austi n first fin ally judged acceptable and un acceptable?whyand differe nces betweerBritish Fun cti onal An thropology repese nted by Mali no wski and Ameria n An thropology represe nted by Boas and Sapir.and differe nces betwee n in terpers onal fun cti on, performative fun cti on, emotive fun cti on and phatic com munionis sampling in observational class? give examples to illustrate's view in the Ianguage development is meaning potentia大概是这样）what is your un dersta nding of this view?what is the implicati ons for sec ond Ian guage lear ning and teach ing?Krashe n's In put Hypothesis and implicati ons for lear ning Ian guagetheories of Communi cative Approach to Ian guage lear ning and main dime nsions of com muni cative compete nee.14年语言学试卷I. Definition （1）descriptive & prescriptive （2）presupposition &entailment （3）metonymy & metaphor （ 4）discrete-po int test & in tegrative test（5）bil in gualism & diglossia （6）teachi ng method & teach ing methodology2. What is arbitrariness? What is iconity? How they are related? What do you think about the arbitrari ness and icon ity?3. Explain the word formation of the following five words:4. What is assimilatio n in pho no logy? Give at least three categories of assimilati on.5. The cooperative prin ciples and maximsa. Have you ever see n joh n? -no, if I deny not see ing him, I would not tell a lieb. What do you buy? —just some stuffs.c. What do you want? —not c-h-o-c-o-l-a-t-e.d. Joh n is a bad bag.—it is really a nice day.6. The differe nee betwee n tran sformati on al-ge nerative grammar and systemic-fu nctio nal grammar.7. How do you understand the empiricism view, the prominence view and the attention view of cognitive linguistics （15 分）8. Use examples to expla in the factors affect the liste ning task ,make comme nt about it （15'）9. Define the action research and how it is helpful in class （15 分）the gen re-based approach in writi ng .（20 分）基础英语10年基础英语试卷第一大题，语法，二十五分。