甲醇-水分离板式精馏塔毕业设计

毕业设计（论文）说明书

题目：甲醇水废液处理工艺及设备设计（50t/d）

系名化工系

专业过程装备与控制工程

学号6011208009

学生姓名刘博宇

指导教师景园琳

2015年5 月20 日

摘要

甲醇是一种重要的化工产品，用途广泛。但在甲醇的生产或使用过程中，由精馏塔底部排除的蒸馏残液仍含有一定比例的甲醇。甲醇废水会对环境造成严重污染，所以甲醇废水不能直接排放，需要处理后，方能排放。本设计是以甲醇—水为分离物系，设计一套板式精馏塔装置。主要进行了以下工作：1、对主要生产工艺流程进行了选择和确定。2、对生产的主要设备—板式塔进行了设计计算,其中包括：（1）精馏塔的物料衡算；（2）塔板数的确定；（3）精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算；（4）精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算；（5）板式塔塔板的设计计算。3、绘制了生产工艺流程图和精馏塔设计条件图。根据某厂的排污情况（污水含甲醇60% 、水40%，排污量50t/d），设计一套精馏设备分离污水中的甲醇，设计结果最终能够达到甲醇≤0.1%的排污要求。本设计简明、合理，能满足生产工艺的需要，有一定应用价值。

关键字：甲醇—水；分离过程；精馏塔

ABSTRACT

Methanol is a kind of important chemical products, widely used. But in the process of the production or use of methanol, from the bottom of the column of distillation residue shall still contain a certain proportion of methanol. Methanol wastewater can cause serious pollution to the environment, so the methanol wastewater can't direct emissions, to deal with, can discharge. This design is based on methanol - water separation system, design a set of plate column device. Mainly for the following work: 1, the main production process for the selection and determine. 2, to the production of plate column has carried on the design and calculation, which is the main equipment including: (1) the material balance of rectification tower; (2) to determine the plate number of; (3) the technological conditions of rectification tower and calculation of data related to physical properties; (4) the tower body process dimension calculation of rectification tower; (5) the calculation in the design of tray column plate. 3, map production process flow diagram and rectification tower design conditions. According to a certain factory blowdown circumstance (emissions of sewage containing methanol 60%, water 40%, 50 t/d), and design a set of distillation separation of methanol in sewage equipment, design result eventually be able to meet the requirements of methanol 0.1% or less pollution. This design simple, reasonable, which can meet the need of production process, have certain application value.

Key words:methyl -alcohol；separating process；fractionating tower design

目录

第一章绪论................................... - 1 - 1.1 甲醇的简介.................................... - 1 - 1.2 甲醇精馏工艺国内外发展状况.................... - 1 - 1.3 设计开展的目的和意义.......................... - 2 - 1.4 设计的原则.................................... - 3 -

第二章设计方案的确定......................... - 1 - 2.1 设计任务...................................... - 1 - 2.2 操作条件...................................... - 1 - 2.3 工艺流程...................................... - 2 -

第三章精馏塔的工艺计算....................... - 4 - 3.1 ................................ - 4 - 3.2 理论塔板数的计算.............................. - 4 - 3.3 实际板数的确定................................ - 7 -

第四章塔体基本尺寸的设计.................... - 10 - 4.1 设计参数..................................... - 10 - 4.2 塔径与板间距................................. - 13 - 4.3 精馏塔有效高度............................... - 15 -

第五章塔板结构的设计........................ - 16 - 5.1 溢流装置的确定............................... - 16 - 5.2 安定区与边缘区的确定......................... - 18 - 5.3 塔板布置及阀孔排列........................... - 19 -

第六章塔板性能校核.......................... - 22 - 6.1 塔板的流体力学验算........................... - 22 - 6.2 气液负荷性能计算............................. - 24 -

第七章辅助设备的计算及选型.................. - 26 - 7.1 塔顶全凝器的工艺计算......................... - 26 - 7.2 再沸器的工艺计算............................. - 27 - 7.3 管径的设计计算............................... - 36 - 7.4 塔体零部件设计............................... - 38 -

参考文献...................................... - 40 - 外文资料............................................