年处理量18万吨苯—甲苯混合液的连续精馏塔的设计
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化工原理课程设计说明书
摘
要来自百度文库
目前用于气液分离的传质设备主要采用板式塔，对于二元混合物的分离，应采用连 续精馏过程。浮阀塔在操作弹性、塔板效率、压降、生产能力以及设备造价等方面都比 较优越。其主要特点是在塔板的开孔上装有可浮动的浮阀，气流从浮阀周边以稳定的速 度水平进入塔板上液层进行两相接触， 浮阀可根据气体流量的大小上下浮动， 自行调节。 其中精馏塔的工艺设计计算包括塔高、 塔径、 塔板各部分尺寸的设计计算， 塔板的布置， 塔板流体力学性能的校核及绘出塔板的性能负荷图。 关键词：气液传质分离；精馏；浮阀塔
I
化工原理课程设计说明书
II
化工原理课程设计说明书
ABSTRACT
Currently ， the main transferring equipment that used for gas-liquid separation is tray column. For the separation of binary, we should use a continuous process. The advantages of the float value tower lie in the flexibility of operation, efficiency of the operation, pressure drop, producing capacity, and equipment costs. Its main feature is that there is a floating valve on the hole of the plate, then the air can come into the tray plate at a steady rate and make contract with the level of liquid, so that the flow valve can fluctuate and control itself according to the size of the air. The calculations of the distillation designing include the calculation of the tower height, the tower diameter, the size of various parts of the tray and the arrangement of the tray, and the check of the hydrodynamics performance of the tray. And then draw the dray load map. Key words：gas-liquid mass transfer；rectification；valve tower
II
化工原理课程设计说明书
目
摘
录
要................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................II 1 绪论............................................................................................................................... 1 2 设计方案的确定........................................................................................................... 3 2.1 设计流程............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 设计要求............................................................................................................. 3 2.3 设计思路............................................................................................................. 4 2.4 相关符号说明..................................................................................................... 5 3 塔板的工艺设计........................................................................................................... 6 3.1 设计方案的确定................................................................................................. 6 3.2 塔的工艺计算..................................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 物料衡算................................................................................................... 6 3.2.2 精馏塔的气液相负荷............................................................................... 8 3.2.3 操作线方程............................................................................................... 9 3.2.4 用逐板法算理论板数............................................................................... 9 3.2.5 实际板数的求取..................................................................................... 10 3.3 精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算................................................... 11 3.3.1 进料温度的计算..................................................................................... 11 3.3.2 操作压强................................................................................................. 11 3.3.3 平均摩尔质量......................................................................................... 11 3.3.4 平均密度计算......................................................................................... 12 3.3.5 液体平均表面张力的计算..................................................................... 14 3.3.6 液体平均黏度计算................................................................................. 14 3.4 精馏塔工艺尺寸的计算................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 塔径的计算............................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 精馏塔有效高度的计算......................................................................... 17 3.5 塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算............................................................................... 18 3.5.1 精馏段溢流装置计算............................................................................. 18
V
化工原理课程设计说明书
3.5.2 提馏段溢流装置计算............................................................................. 20 3.6 塔板流体力学验算........................................................................................... 22 3.6.1 精馏段流体力验算................................................................................. 22 3.6.2 提馏段流体力验算................................................................................. 24 3.7 塔板负荷性能图............................................................................................... 26 3.7.1 精馏段负荷性能图................................................................................. 26 3.7.2 提馏段负荷性能图................................................................................. 29 4 热量衡算..................................................................................................................... 32 4.1 相关介质的选择............................................................................................... 32 4.1.1 加热介质的选择..................................................................................... 32 4.1.2 冷凝剂..................................................................................................... 32 4.2 蒸发潜热衡算................................................................................................... 32 4.2.1 塔顶热量................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 塔底热量................................................................................................. 33 4.3 焓值衡算........................................................................................................... 35 5 辅助设备的选型......................................................................................................... 38 5.1 冷凝器的选型................................................................................................... 38 5.2 冷凝器的传热面积和冷却水的用量............................................................... 38 5.3 选用釜式再沸器............................................................................................... 39 6 塔附件设计计算......................................................................................................... 40 6.1 接管................................................................................................................... 40 6.1.1 进料管..................................................................................................... 40 6.1.2 回流管..................................................................................................... 40 6.1.3 塔顶蒸汽接管......................................................................................... 41 6.1.4 釜液排出管............................................................................................. 41 6.1.5 塔釜进气管............................................................................................. 42 6.2 塔总体高度的设计........................................................................................... 42 7 安全与环保................................................................................................................. 43 7.1 安全注意事项................................................................................................... 43
摘
要来自百度文库
目前用于气液分离的传质设备主要采用板式塔，对于二元混合物的分离，应采用连 续精馏过程。浮阀塔在操作弹性、塔板效率、压降、生产能力以及设备造价等方面都比 较优越。其主要特点是在塔板的开孔上装有可浮动的浮阀，气流从浮阀周边以稳定的速 度水平进入塔板上液层进行两相接触， 浮阀可根据气体流量的大小上下浮动， 自行调节。 其中精馏塔的工艺设计计算包括塔高、 塔径、 塔板各部分尺寸的设计计算， 塔板的布置， 塔板流体力学性能的校核及绘出塔板的性能负荷图。 关键词：气液传质分离；精馏；浮阀塔
I
化工原理课程设计说明书
II
化工原理课程设计说明书
ABSTRACT
Currently ， the main transferring equipment that used for gas-liquid separation is tray column. For the separation of binary, we should use a continuous process. The advantages of the float value tower lie in the flexibility of operation, efficiency of the operation, pressure drop, producing capacity, and equipment costs. Its main feature is that there is a floating valve on the hole of the plate, then the air can come into the tray plate at a steady rate and make contract with the level of liquid, so that the flow valve can fluctuate and control itself according to the size of the air. The calculations of the distillation designing include the calculation of the tower height, the tower diameter, the size of various parts of the tray and the arrangement of the tray, and the check of the hydrodynamics performance of the tray. And then draw the dray load map. Key words：gas-liquid mass transfer；rectification；valve tower
II
化工原理课程设计说明书
目
摘
录
要................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................II 1 绪论............................................................................................................................... 1 2 设计方案的确定........................................................................................................... 3 2.1 设计流程............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 设计要求............................................................................................................. 3 2.3 设计思路............................................................................................................. 4 2.4 相关符号说明..................................................................................................... 5 3 塔板的工艺设计........................................................................................................... 6 3.1 设计方案的确定................................................................................................. 6 3.2 塔的工艺计算..................................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 物料衡算................................................................................................... 6 3.2.2 精馏塔的气液相负荷............................................................................... 8 3.2.3 操作线方程............................................................................................... 9 3.2.4 用逐板法算理论板数............................................................................... 9 3.2.5 实际板数的求取..................................................................................... 10 3.3 精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算................................................... 11 3.3.1 进料温度的计算..................................................................................... 11 3.3.2 操作压强................................................................................................. 11 3.3.3 平均摩尔质量......................................................................................... 11 3.3.4 平均密度计算......................................................................................... 12 3.3.5 液体平均表面张力的计算..................................................................... 14 3.3.6 液体平均黏度计算................................................................................. 14 3.4 精馏塔工艺尺寸的计算................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 塔径的计算............................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 精馏塔有效高度的计算......................................................................... 17 3.5 塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算............................................................................... 18 3.5.1 精馏段溢流装置计算............................................................................. 18
V
化工原理课程设计说明书
3.5.2 提馏段溢流装置计算............................................................................. 20 3.6 塔板流体力学验算........................................................................................... 22 3.6.1 精馏段流体力验算................................................................................. 22 3.6.2 提馏段流体力验算................................................................................. 24 3.7 塔板负荷性能图............................................................................................... 26 3.7.1 精馏段负荷性能图................................................................................. 26 3.7.2 提馏段负荷性能图................................................................................. 29 4 热量衡算..................................................................................................................... 32 4.1 相关介质的选择............................................................................................... 32 4.1.1 加热介质的选择..................................................................................... 32 4.1.2 冷凝剂..................................................................................................... 32 4.2 蒸发潜热衡算................................................................................................... 32 4.2.1 塔顶热量................................................................................................. 32 4.2.2 塔底热量................................................................................................. 33 4.3 焓值衡算........................................................................................................... 35 5 辅助设备的选型......................................................................................................... 38 5.1 冷凝器的选型................................................................................................... 38 5.2 冷凝器的传热面积和冷却水的用量............................................................... 38 5.3 选用釜式再沸器............................................................................................... 39 6 塔附件设计计算......................................................................................................... 40 6.1 接管................................................................................................................... 40 6.1.1 进料管..................................................................................................... 40 6.1.2 回流管..................................................................................................... 40 6.1.3 塔顶蒸汽接管......................................................................................... 41 6.1.4 釜液排出管............................................................................................. 41 6.1.5 塔釜进气管............................................................................................. 42 6.2 塔总体高度的设计........................................................................................... 42 7 安全与环保................................................................................................................. 43 7.1 安全注意事项................................................................................................... 43