汉语言文学专业英语词汇
汉语言文学英文名词
汉语言文学英文名词英文回答：Chinese Philology.Chinese philology, also known as sinology, is the study of Chinese language and literature. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including linguistics, history, philosophy, and archaeology. Chinese philology is a complex and interdisciplinary field that has been studied for centuries.History of Chinese Philology.The study of Chinese language and literature dates back to the earliest days of Chinese civilization. The first Chinese scholars began to study the language and literature of their ancestors in the 6th century BCE. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE 220 CE), the study of Chinese philology flourished. Scholars such as Liu Xiang and Xu Shendeveloped new methods for studying the Chinese language and literature.After the fall of the Han dynasty, the study of Chinese philology continued to develop. During the Tang dynasty (618 907 CE), scholars such as Li Bai and Du Fu wrote someof the most famous works of Chinese literature. During the Song dynasty (960 1279 CE), scholars such as Su Shi and Zhu Xi developed new theories about Chinese language and literature.The study of Chinese philology continued to flourish during the Ming (1368 1644 CE) and Qing (1644 1912 CE) dynasties. During this time, scholars such as Wang Yangming and Dai Zhen developed new methods for studying Chinese language and literature.In the 20th century, the study of Chinese philology became more internationalized. Scholars from all over the world began to study Chinese language and literature. Today, Chinese philology is a well-established field of study at universities and research institutions around the world.Methods of Chinese Philology.Chinese philology is a complex and interdisciplinary field that uses a variety of methods to study Chinese language and literature. These methods include:Linguistics.History.Philosophy.Archaeology.Linguistic methods are used to study the structure and evolution of the Chinese language. Historical methods are used to study the development of Chinese language and literature over time. Philosophical methods are used to study the relationship between Chinese language and literature and Chinese thought. Archaeological methods are used to study the material remains of Chinese civilization,such as inscriptions and manuscripts.Chinese Philology and Modern Chinese Society.The study of Chinese philology has a number of important implications for modern Chinese society. First, the study of Chinese philology helps us to understand the history and development of the Chinese nation. Second, the study of Chinese philology helps us to appreciate the beauty and complexity of Chinese language and literature. Third, the study of Chinese philology helps us to develop a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and thought.中文回答：汉语言文学。
语言学词汇分类汇总
语言学词汇分类汇总语言学词汇分类汇总（按字母顺序排列）abbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acoustic phonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词address term称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻Adjacency Condition毗邻条件Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数Affix词缀Affixation加词缀法Affricate塞擦音Afro-asiatic非亚语系agreement rule一致关系规则allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angular gyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym反以词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系Babbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法back vowel后元音Behaviorism行为主义Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象Black English黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用bound morpheme黏着语素brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点broad transcription宽式音标Broca’s area布罗卡区caretaker speech保姆语case格Case Condition格条件case marking格标志causative verb使役动词central vowel中元音cerebral cortex大脑皮层cerebral plasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classical language古典语言clipping略写法closed class word封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词color word色彩词combinational rule组合规则commissives承诺类communicative competence交际能力comparative reconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力complement补语complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学concept概念conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音constituent成分constituent structure成分结构constraint制约construction结构content word实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播declaration宣告类deep structure深层结构dental齿音derivation派生法derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征D-structure深层结构duality of structur结构二重性e double articulation结构二重性embedded clause子句emotive meaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis插入音Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语evaluative meaning评价意义expressives表达类factive predicate叙述性谓词family tree谱系树feature symbol特征标记features of meaning意义特征finite clause定式字句finite verb定式动词formalize形式化fossilization语言僵化framework框架free morpheme自由语素fricative擦音front vowel前元音function word虚词functional shift功能性转换functor element起功能作用成分gender性Generative Grammar生成语法Generative Semantics生成语义学genetic predispotion基因先天条件genetic relationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门graddabl opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammatical meaning语法意义Great Vowel Shift元音大变位hard palate硬腭head核心词hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构high variety高层次变体historical comparative linguistics 历史比较语言学historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic sentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionary act言外形为inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语系infinitive marker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectional morpheme曲折语素input输入instrumental motivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrativ emotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage语际语internalize内在化International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标interpersonmal communication人际交际intuition语调labeled (unlabeled) tree diagram 加标记树形图labial唇音LAD语言习得机制language acquisition语言习得language behavior语言行为language center语言中枢language faculty语言机制language family语系language perception语言感知language planning语言规划language variation语言变异larynx喉lax vowel松元音level层；平面level of language语言层次lexical category词类lexical structure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linear structure线性结构linguistic competence语言能力linguistic determinism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言变体linguistic taboo禁忌语linguistics语言学liquid流音loan word外来词localization定位locutionary act言内行为low variety低层次变体manner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句maxim of manner方式准则maxim of quality质量准则maxim of quantity数量准则maxim of relation关联准则meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistic theory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学mother tongue母语Move α移动α规则movement rule移位规则naming theory命名论narrow transcription严式音标narrowing of meaning词义缩小nasal cavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-place predication空位述谓结构object宾语Old English古英语one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄oral cavity口腔overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度overt thought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为pharyngeal cavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemic contrast音位对立phonetic feature语音特征phonetics语音学phonological rule音位规则phonology音位学phrasal category词组类phrase structure rule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语place of articulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predication analysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifying predication修饰性述谓结构Received Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referring expression所指名词register语域relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewrite rule重写规则rounded vowel圆唇元音SAE标准美国英语sapir-Whorf hypothesis…假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semantic anomaly语义异体semantic deviation语义变异semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学semantic structure语义结构semantic triangle语义三角sense意义sequential rule序列规则setting背景；环境sexist language性别歧视语sibilant咝音simple sentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situational dialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学soft palate软腭species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speech act言语行为speech community言语社区speech variety言语变体S-structure表层结构standard language标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学subject主语subordinate predication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocal predication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层结构synchronic linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型syntactic rule句法规则syntax句法taboo word禁忌词target language目标语tautology同义反复teeth ridge齿龈隆骨telegraphic speech电报式言语tense and aspect时和体tense vowel紧元音tone音调；声调tone language声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则tree diagram树形图two-place predication双位述谓结构unaspirated不送气underextension扩展不足Universal Grammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterance meaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocal cord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化vowel元音Wernicke’s area韦尼克区widening of meaning词义扩大X-bar theory X标杆理论11。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
汉语言文学专业词汇（英文版）FELIX2015-01-07 16:31:09文学思潮：Literature current of thought文学革命：Literature revolution古典文学：Classic literature维新运动：Reformist movement启蒙运动：Enlighten the sport价值领域：worth a realm外国文学：Foreign literature知识分子：Educated person浪漫主义：Romanticism唯美主义：Aestheticism百科全书：Cyclopeadia文艺复兴：Revival of learing发音器官：Speech organs功能名词：Function noun专有名词：Proper noun普通名词：Commen noun集合名词：Collective noun抽象名词：Abstract noun复合谓语：Compound predicate楔形文字：Arrowheaded character语法范畴：Grammatical category汉藏语系：Sino-Tibetan上层建筑：Superstructure意识形态：Ideology现代文学：Contemporary literature大众文学：Popular literature报告文学：Reportage批判主义：Criticism伊索寓言：Aesop`s Fables希腊文化：Hellenism形而上学：Metaphysis孔子学说：Confucian喜怒哀乐：Pleasure Anger Sorrow Joy发源地：Source爱美剧：Amateur修辞学：Rhetoric语音学：Phonetic助动词：Auxiliary verb感叹词：Interjection连接词：Link word逻辑词：Logical word里程碑：Milestone拉丁语：Latin田园诗：Idyl无名氏：Annymous person真善美：Truth Goodness Beauty英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧 (美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节Appendix 1 A Glossary of Linguistic TermsAabbreviation []n. 缩写.缩写词.略语ablative []n.夺格a.夺格的absolute []a.独立的.独立成分absolute clause 独立从句abstract nouns 抽象名词accent []n.口音.重音.(诗歌中词或音节的)重读accidence [].词形变化.字形变化2. (学科的)初步.入门accommodation []n.调适.接纳accusative []a.直接宾格的n.直接宾格 (受格)acoustic []a.听觉的.音响的.声学的（---feature/cue声学特征）acquisition []n.获得.习得acronym []n.首字母缩略字.缩略词active []n.主动语态actor []n.动作者.行动者（actor—action—goal）addition []n. 加.附加.添加address []n. 称呼(forms/terms of address 称呼语 )addressee []n. 受话人，收信人，收件人addresser []n. 发话人，发言人，发信人.adjacency pair 相邻语对adjective []n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct []n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal []a.（定语）修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb []n. 副词；状语adverbial []a. 副词的,作副词用的adversative []a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语)affirmative []n.肯定词.肯定语affix []n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affix hopping 词缀跳跃) affixation[]n. 附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate []n.塞擦音agent (agentive) 施事agreement []n. (人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream []n.气流alliteration []n.头韵(法)allomorph []n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone []n.同位音.音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体alveolar []n. 齿龈音，齿槽音.alveolar ridge 齿龈ambiguity []n.含混，歧义ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon []n.改变说法.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis []n.反复法.顶真analogical []a.类似的.类推的analogical creation 类推造字anapaest []n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora []n. 复指.首语(句)重复法annotation []n. 注解.注释antecedent []n. (关系代词的)先行词antithesis []n. 1. 对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia []n. 代称，称呼替换antonym []n. 反义词,反义现象aphorism []n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis []n.话语中断，说话中断法apostrophe []n. 1.呼语2.撇号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative [].名称的2.通称的n.通称名词.普通名词apposition []n. 1.同位语2.并置appropriateness []n. 得体.适合.适当.相称arbitrariness []n. 任意性archaism []n.古体，拟古，古语argot []n.行语，暗语，黑话article []n.冠词articulation []n. (清楚的)发音.发出的(辅)音.发音动作articulator []n. 1.发音清楚的人或物2.发音器官articulatory []a.发音清晰的.与发音有关的aside 旁白，私语，离题话aspect []n. (动词的) 体. 时态. 时间aspirated []a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation []n.同化aureate []a.绚丽的（-- diction,绚丽辞令– style绚丽体）assonance []n. 1. 谐音2. (诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive []a. 1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary []a. 辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bback-formation 逆构词法base form 基础形式base component 基础部分basic form 基本形式behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial []a.双唇音的n. 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral []a.双边的.双边音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism [] n.双语现象binary []a. 二元的.由二部分构成的(-- feature 二分特征)binomial []a. 二项式的 n.二项式blade []n.舌叶.舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗bleaching []n.词义淡化blending []n.混合.混成法.裁切block language 块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking) borrow(ing) 借用.借词bound clause粘附句bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 界限理论bracketing 括号法broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Ccalque []n.语义转借.译借vt.转借(语义).仿造语cardinal[]n基数词cardinal vowel 基本元音category []n范畴(categorical component 范畴成分)causative []a.使役的n.使役动词cavity []n.腔clause 小句.从句click 吸气音.咂音clipping []n.缩略closure []n.关闭.闭塞cluster []辅音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda []n.节尾.韵尾code 语码.信码cognate []n.同源词.同根词.同系语言cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 连贯.相关.关联cohension 衔接collapse [] 叠合collective []n.集合名词colligation []n. 概括.搭连collocation []n.组合.搭配command []命令（句）commissive 承诺语common普通的.共同的（--- core 共核）（--- noun 普通名词）comparative [] a比较的.比较级的competence []n.语言能力complement(ation) 补语complementary互补.相反component 组成部分，成分componential 组成部分的composition 组构compound(ing) 复合；复合词(句)conative []a. 意动的concord []n. 协调.一致（关系）conditional []n.条件句.条件语congruence []n.重合conjugate []vt.列举(动词)的词形变化conjunct []a. 连接副词conjunction []n.连词.连接词connotation []n.含蓄.言外之意【逻】内涵consonant[]n.辅音.辅音字母a.辅音的constative []a. 陈述的.表述的constituent []n.成分.结构成分construction (construct) 构建content (ive) 内容.实义(词)contrast(ive) 对立.对比convention(al) 常规；规约conversation 会话conversationalconversion 类转.变换coordinate /coordination/coordiative 并列copula []n.系词copulative []a.连系的.作系词的n.系词co-referential(ity) 同指coronal []n.舌冠（音）.舌尖音corpus []n. 1.文集.全2..躯体(尤指尸体) 3.语料语料库.素材corpora[] (corpus的复数)correlative []a.相关的n.关联词count [] 可数的，countable/uncontable 可/不可数名词couplet []n. 对句.双韵covert []隐性的Ddactyl []n. (英诗的)扬抑抑格.长短短格dative []a.与格的n.与格.与格语 dative movement 与格移动declarative []a. 1. 宣言的.布告的.申报的.陈述的2.陈述的decode []vt. 译解(密码)deductive []a. 推论的.演绎的defeasibility 消除可行性definite []. 明确的.确切的2. 一定的.肯定的3. 限定的deictic []a. 直证的.直指的（deixis）denotation []n. 1. 意义.本义2. 表示3. 名称.符号dental []a. 齿音的n.齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation []n.诱导.来历.起源调查.语言derivational []a.诱导的. 衍生的;引出的determiner []n.限定词deviant []a. 越轨的n.不正常者.变异物.变体deviation 偏离；变异devoice []vt.使(有声之音)变为无声之音devoicing 清音化diachronic []a.历时的diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diacritic []a.有区别的.能区分的.辨别的n.区别发音符号dialect []n. 方言.土话dialectology 方言学diphthong []n.双元音.复合元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech直接言语discourse []n.语段.语篇；话语discrete []a. 1. 分离的.不连接的2.抽象的disjunction []n. 分离.分裂displacement []n.移位.置换.取代dissimilation []n. 1. 异化2.异化作用3.异化distinguish []vt.区别.识别把...区别分类distinguisher 辩义成分domain []n. 领域.范围dorsal []a.背部的.背侧的舌背音.舌中音dorsum []n.背.背状部分.舌面(舌尖以后之部分)dual []n. 1. 双数2. 双数词dualistic []a. 二元的.二元论的duality 二重性Eejective []a. 喷出的.外射的n.外爆音ellipsis []n.省略.省略部分elliptic(al) []a. 1. 椭圆的2.省略的encode []vt. 1. 把...译成电码(或密码)endocentric []a.向心的.内向的epenthesis []n.增音.插入字母epithet []n. 1. 表示特征的修饰词2. (描述性的)称号equipollent []a.相等的n. 相等物equivalence 相等equivoque []n. 双关语.模棱两可的词句.语义双关euphemism []n.. 婉转说法.委婉(词)语euphony []n. 声音的和谐.谐音.悦耳语音exocentric []a. 外心的exocentric construction 外向结构extensive []引申的；扩展的Ffeasibility []n.可行性.可能性feature []n. 特征.特色felicity []n. 1. 幸福2. (措辞等的)得体.巧妙.恰当的语句feminine []a.阴性的figurative []a. 1. 比喻的.象征的2. (文章等)多比喻的figurative language 比喻性语言；象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段；修辞格finite []a. 1. 有限的2.有穷的3.限定的n. 有限.有限之物flap [] 闪音flexibility []n. 易曲性.适应性.灵活性.弹性fricative []a. 摩擦的n. 摩擦音friction 摩擦function 功能fusion []n.溶合fuzzy []a. 1. 有绒毛的2. 模糊不清的Ggender []n. 1.【语】性2.性别gender difference 性别差异generalization []n. 普遍化.概括.综合.归纳generative []a.生殖的.有生产力的generative grammar 生成语法genitive []a.属格的n.属格global []a. 1. 球状的2. 全世界的3. 总体的global task 整体任务glottal []a. 1.声门的2. 用声门发声的.喉音glottal stop 喉塞音gradable []a. (形容词)有比较级和最高级的grammar []n. 语法grammatical []a. 语法的group []n.群.组.类词组guttural []a.喉咙的.喉音的n. 喉音.喉音字腭音Hhead []n.中心词；中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter []n.七音步a. 七音步的hierarchical []a.等级制度的.等级体系的hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy []n.等级制度.统治集团.级系.阶系holophrastic []a.表句词的.单词句的holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym []n.同音异义字.同形同音异义字.同形异义字homophony []n. 同音异义hyperbole []n. 1.修辞的夸张法2.夸张的语句hypercorrection []n.矫枉过正hyponym []n.下位的名称.下义词hypothesis []n.假说. 前提.假设Iiamb []n.抑扬格.短长格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行idiom []n1. 惯用语.成语.习惯语2. 方言.土话.(个人特有)用语ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary []a.发语词内的.语内表现行为的illocutionary act 话中行为；施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用；施为作用immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative []a.祈使法的.祈使语气.命令的implicate []vt.意味着.暗指n. 包含的事物.暗含的论断implication 蕴涵；含义implosive []a.闭塞音的n.内爆发音inanimate []a.无生命的indefinite []a.不定的.未定的indicative []a.陈述的n.陈述语气.陈述语气的动词形式inference []n. 推论.推断[inferential []a. 推理的.推论的infinitive []n.不定式a.不定式的infix []n. 插入词.中缀inflection []n. 1. 变音.转调2. 弯曲.向内弯曲innateness []n. 天生.天赋intensifier []n. 1. 增强器.增强剂2. 加强者3.强调成分intensive []a. 加强的.密集的.加强语意的n.强调成分interdental []a. 在牙齿间的2.齿间音的n.齿间音interface []n. 界面.分界面interjection []n. 感叹词.感叹语interlanguage []n. 国际语言Interlingua []n.人工国际语之一interlocutor []n. 对话者internal []a. 内的.内部的international phonetic alphabet. IPA 国际音标interpersonal []a. 人与人之间的interpersonal function 人际功能interrogative []a. 疑问的.质问的n.疑问词intonation []n. 语调.声调intransitive []a.不及物的n.不及物动词intrinsic []a.本身的.本质的.固有的.内在的invariable []a. 不变的.恒定的.一律的inversion []n.反向.倒置.倒转2.倒装法IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号J K Ljargon []n.黑话；行语kernel []n.核心.要点keyword关键词label []n. 标记.符号. 称号.绰号labial []a. 唇的.唇音的n. 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language []n.语言larynx []n.喉lateral []a.旁流音的.侧音的lateral sounds侧音lax []a. (元音)松弛的n.松弛的元音lax vowel 松元音letter []n字母level []n. 层，级，平面lexeme []n. 词汇.语汇单位.词位；词素lexical []a. 1. 词汇的.语词的2. 词典的.词典编纂的lexicon []n. 1. 词典2. 语汇3. 词素lexis []n. (某一语言的)词语(层)liaison [] 连音linear []a. 线的.直线的linguistic []a.. 语言的.语言学的lip rounding 圆唇化literal []a. 照字面的.原义的loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词Mmacro []a. 1. 巨大的.大量的2. 宏观的.main clause 主句manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine []a. 1. 男性的.男子的2阳性的maxim []n. 格言.箴言.座右铭manner maxim 方式准则meaning 意义meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移mental (processs) 思维过程；心理过程mentalism []n.心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis []n. 1.音位转换2.交换反应.置换metonymy []n.转喻metre []n.格律.韵律.拍子metrical patterning 韵律格式 9.3.3mind 思维minimal []a.最小的.极微的n.极简抽象派艺术(或其作品) mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal []a. 1.形态上的.形式的2.语气的.情态的3.典型的modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality []n. 1. 形式.情态程序3.物理疗法4. 主要的感觉modification []n.修饰.变异modifier []. 修改者2. 修饰词语3.修饰基因4.改性剂monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的mood 语气morpheme []n.语素.词素(语言中最小的字义单位) morphemic []a.词素的.语素的morphological []a.形态学的.形态的morphology []n.形态学morphophonemics []n词素音位结构2. 词素音位学mother tongue 母语；本族语motivation 动因；动机multilingualism 多语制；多语现象Nnasal []. 鼻的2. 鼻音的n.. 鼻音.鼻音字母nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化negation []n. 1. 否定2. 反对.反驳3. 不存在4. 对立面negative []a.否定的.否认的. 反面的.消极的n.否定语negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neutralize []vt. 1. 使无效.抵消2. 使中立化neutralizable opposition 可中立对立node []n. 1. 结.节2. 中心点.交叉点nominal []a.名词性的n. 名词性的词nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative []a.主格的n.主格.主格词non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞octametre 八音步诗行onomatopoeia []n. 1.拟声.象声词2.拟声法onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography []. 正字法.拼字法2. (几何)正射影(法) ostensive communication 直示交际overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalate []n. 1.上颚2. 味觉3. 趣味.嗜好palatal []a.上颚(音)的.颚(音)的n. 上颚音.颚音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization []n.腭音化paradigm [].范例2. (名词或动词)词形变化(表)paradigmatic [].范例的2.词形变化(表)的paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase []n. 1. 释义.意译.改述vt. vi.. 释义.意译participant 参与者particle []n.虚词(包括某些副词.冠词.介词.连词等).字首.字尾partitive []a. 1. 区分的2.表示部分的n.表示部分的词passive []n.被动语态被动态的动词pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual []a.感知的.知觉的perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performative (verb) 行事性动词person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal [].咽部的2.喉音的n.喉音pharynx []n.咽头phatic []a. 交流感情的.应酬的phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈；phoneme []n.音素.音位phonetic []a. 1.语音的.语音学的2. 语音差异的phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics []n. (用作单)语音学phonologic []a.音位学的.语音体系的phonological process 音位过程phonology []n. 音位学.语音体系phrase []n. 短语.词组pidgin []. (并用两种或多种语言的)混杂语.洋泾浜语2.事儿plosion []n】爆破发音.爆破plosive [].破裂音(的)plural []a.复数的pluralism [].兼职.兼任2.多重性.多元论plurality []. 复数.多数.多重性2.复数(形式)polysyllabic []a. 多音节的Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive [].拥有的.占有的2.所属关系的.所有格的postdeterminer 后限定词pragmatic []. 实际的.实干的2. 实用主义的pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate []n..谓语.述部a.谓语的.述部的prefix []n.字首.前缀 (人名前的)称谓premodifier 前修饰语preposition [].介词.前置词prepositional []a.. 介词的.前置词的prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive []a. 规定的.因时效而获得的presupposition []n.预想.假定.前提primary []a. 首要的.主要的priva principle []n. 原则.原理process 过程pro-form 代词形式；替代形式pronominal []a. 代词的pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典proposition 命题prosodic []a. 作诗法的.韵律学的psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法pulmonic []a. 肺病的pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话Qquality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantity 数量quantity maxim 数量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quatrain []n. 四行诗quirk []. 突然的转变2. 字的花体3. 怪癖4. 借口Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义realisation 体现received pronunciation. RP 标准发音receiver 受话者；信息接受者recency effectrecognition 识别recursion []n.【数】递回.递回式.循环.可溯recursive []a.】递归的.可溯的；还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential [] 指示的所指的reflexive []n..反身动词.反身代词a.反身的regional dialect 地域方言register []n.语域regressive [].后退的.逆行的.退化的2. 回归的relative clause 关系分句.关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复residue []n.残余.剩余.剩余成分restricted []a. 受限制的.被限定的restricted language 限制性语言retrieval []. 取回.恢复2. 纠正.补偿检索retroflex []. 反折的.后翻的2. 卷舌(音)的n. 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨rhyme 韵；韵角；压韵rhythm 韵律；节奏role 角色root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit []n. 梵文.梵语a. 梵文的.梵语的Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema []. 轮廓.概要.略图2.先验图式3.图式second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment []n.语流中的一个音素(或单个音)selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic []a.. 语义的.语义学的semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic [].符号学的2.症状的semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant [].丝丝作响的2.发丝音的.丝丝音2.发丝音辅音sign 符号signified 所指.受指signifier 能指.施指simile []n. (修辞)直喻.明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数slot 空缺soft palate 软腭sonnet 十四行诗sonorant []n..响音sonority []. 响亮2. (声音的)响亮程度sound 语音Spanish 西班牙语Speaker 说话者speech 言语spelling 拼写.拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language 口语spondee []n.扬扬格spoonerism []n.斯本内现象(即字音的无意互换现象) Standard English 标准英语standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stratification []n.成层.阶层的形成stress 重音structure 结构stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjectivity 主观性subjunctive []a.虚拟的n.虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征syllabic []. 音节的.构成音节的n.音节主音syllabification []. (语音)分音节2. 分音节法syllable []n. 音节syllabus []n. 教学大纲.课程大纲2.要目syllogism [].三段论.演绎推理2.推断3.诡辩.狡辩symbol 符号synchronic []a. 同时的.共时的synonym []n. 同义字.类义字 (分类学中的)同物异名synonymous []a. 同义的.同义词性质的synonymy []n. 同义.同义词研究syntax []n.语法.句法2. (组成部分的)有条理(或系统)的排列syntactic []a. 按照句法的.句法的Ttacit []a1. 缄默的.不说话的2. 不明言的.默示的tacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme []n.法位.序位tagmemics 法位学tautology []n. 同义反复.重复.赘述template []n. 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态tetrameter []n. 四音步诗行text 语篇textual 语篇功能theme []n. 1.论题.话题.题目2.主题.主题思想.题材3.词干.主位tone 声调.音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论transcription []n. 1.抄写.誊写2.副本音标.标音transfer 移转transformation 转换transitivity []n.动词的及物性trill []n.颤音trochee []n.扬抑格.长短格trope []n.转义.比喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学utterance [].发声.表达2.说话方式.语调3言辞.言论.话语utterance meaning 语句意义uvula []n. 悬雍垂.小舌uvular []a.小舌的.小舌音的Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体；语体velar []膜的2.软颚音的n. 软颚音velarization 腭音化velum [].软颚2.菌膜.缘膜verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage []. 废话.冗词2. 用语.措词vernacular []n.本国语.本地话.方言.行话.日常用语.白话vernacular language education 本地化教育vocabulary 词汇vocal []a.声的.声音的.元音的.浊音的n.元音.浊音vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative []a. 称呼的.呼格的n.呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless(sound) 清音voicing 浊音化，有声化vowel []n. 1.元音2. 元音字母vowel glide 元音音渡WWh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording []n. 措辞.用语written language 书面语written text 篇章XY ZYes--no interrogative 是非问句yes--no question 是非问句zero 零.零形式zeugma []n. 轭式搭配，轭式修饰法。
(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation,FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representation of speechacts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of speech,NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thoughtacts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldian linguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralist approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP 标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory,REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network 语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study of society 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation 口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统system of systems 系统的系统systemic(grammar) 系统语法systemic-functional Grammar, SFG 系统功能语法Ttacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme 法位tagmemics 法位学tap 一次接触音target language 目标语言tautology 同义反复冗辞template 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态test content 测试内容test form 测试形式testee 受试者testing 测试test-retest reliability 一测再测信度tetrameter 四音步诗行text 语篇text comprehension 语篇理解text encoding 语篇编码text interpretation 语篇解释text style 语篇风格textual organization 语篇组织textual 语篇功能theme 主位theoretical linguistics 理论语言学third-person narrator 第三人称叙述者thought presentation 思想表达three-place predicate 三位谓语tone 声调音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论traditional grammar 传统语法transcribed 标音transcription 音标标音transfer 移转transfer approach 移转法transformation 转换transformation of interrogation 疑问转换transformational component 转换部分、transformational grammar 转换语法transformational process 转换过程transformational rule 转换规则transformational-generative grammar, TG grammar 转换生成语法transitivity 及物性translation 翻译tree diagram 树形图trill 颤音trochee 抑扬格长短格trope 转喻隐喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal grammar, UG 普遍语法universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学user 用户user-friendly 方便用户的utterance meaning 语句意义utterance 语句uvula 小舌uvular 小舌音Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体语体velar 软腭音velarization 腭音化velum 软口盖verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage 言辞vernacular language education 本地化教育vertical relation 选择关系vocabulary 词汇vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative 呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless (sound) 清音voicing 浊音化，有声化vowel glide 元音音渡vowel 元音Wweb page 网页Wh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording 措辞working memory system 工作记忆系统writing 文字writing system 文字系统written language 书面语written text 篇章XX-bar Theory X-bar理论Yyes/no interrogative 是非问句yes/no question 是非问句Zzero form 零形式。
人文系常用专业英语词汇
精品文人文系常用专业英语词汇文秘专业B结合integrate [] v.有限的资金limited funds []版权所有copy right办公厅General[] Office [] n.经济的economic [] adj.适度的appropriate [] adj.快速的rapid [] adj.增长growth [] n.保监会the China Insurance [] RegulatoryCommission[] n.长治久安long-term stability保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs如期建成completed according to schedule项目projects [] n.发挥效益yield economic returns[]不合法的illegal [] adj.不合理的unjustifiable adj.基金和收费项目funds [] and charges[]货币currency [] n.过量发行overissue v.不进则退no progress [] simply means regression 不良贷款non-performing loans []不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets []经商engage [] in trade部委Ministries or Commissions []国家局State BureauxC精品文财政部Ministry [] of Finance n.财政偿还能力ability to service debt []财政的承受能力financial [] capacity [] 财政监督条例the Regulations [] on Financial[]Supervision财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee []财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.比重ratio [] n.拆迁补偿费compensation [] for demolition产地Production [] Place n.产品标号Item [] No. n.产品定购order [] n.产品描述Description [] n.产品名称Product [] Name产品说明Description n.产品销售Sales n.产品展示Product [] display n.产销衔接状况the ratio [] of sales to production[]产业升级upgrade industries长期国债long-term government []b onds[]常见问题FAQ常务委员会Standing Committee []成长型企业市场（指二板市场）growing enterprise [] market[] (GEM)承兑费Accepting charge [] n.承兑银行accepting bank [] n.尺寸Size n.出口配额export [] quotas传统产业conventional [] industries精品文传真Fax [] n.创新体系an innovation [] system垂直管理vertical management[]存款准备金reserves [] against deposit[] D大事Great Event n.代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee n.地址Add n.电话Tel n.电视会议televised meeting电子商务E-Business [] n.调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates调整restructure v.投资结构investment [] n.经济结构economy n.动态Trends n.堵塞plug [] up漏洞loopholes n.F发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment [] 发送Delivery []发展历程development history法律委员会Law Committee法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs []法制工作委员会Commission [] o f Legislative Affairs[]反对铺张浪费combat [] extravagance and waste防范guard [] against化解defuse v.金融风险financial risks防止prevent v.非办不可的大事i mportant tasks which must be accomplished非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises[]非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions [] 费改税改革tax-for-fees reform []分类浏览Browse [] by category []分配货币化distribution [] o f money分税制度财政体制the revenue []-sharing system分支机构Branches n.风险防范机制 a risk prevention [] m echanism[]服务Service n.G价格形成机制the price formation mechanism []港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs [] Office高技术产业发展规划plans for the development of high-tech industrie s高技术产业化apply high technology to production [] 示范工程model [] projects []个人所得税法the Law on Personal Income [] Tax个体经济、私营经济self-employed and private [] businesses工程案例Engineering [] Projects[]公安部Ministry [] of Public [] Security公开市场操作open-market operations []公司简介profile of company公司名称company came公司荣誉glories公司设备equipment []公司实力strength供求信息Supply & Demand [] information购买力purchasing power []股份合作制the joint stock cooperative [] system 股份制the joint stock system鼓励兼并encourage [] mergers规范管理standardized administration []规范化的财政管理standardized financial managemen t规范破产standardize bankruptcy procedure[]规范税制standardize the tax system规格specification n.规划programming n.国防部Ministry [] of National Defence[]国际公认internationall y recognized []国家安全部Ministry [] of State Security国家版权局State Copyright [] Bureau[]国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission[]国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission[]国家纺织工业局State Bureau [] of Textile Industry[]国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio ，Film and Television国家国内贸易局State Bureau [] of Internal[] Trade国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine-Building Industry国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission []国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission []国家粮食储备局State Bureau of Grain [] Reserve []精品文国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家旅游局National Tourism Administration[]国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal [] Industry国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家审计署State Auditing Administration国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家税源的大量流失great loss [] of state revenue []国家体育总局State Sport General Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家外汇管理局State Administration of Foreign Exchange[]国家文物局（文化部）State Cultural Relics Bureau国家行政学院National School of Administration国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly [] Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug [] Administration (SDA)国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家邮政局（信息产业部）State Post Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal[] Industry国家知识产权局State Intellectual [] Property[] Office (SIPO)国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervisio n国家中医药管理局（卫生部）State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine国家重点科研项目national key scientific research projects国家宗教事物局State Bureau of Religious [] Affairs[]国库券treasury bonds []国民经济各方面all sectors of the national economy国民生产总值gross[] national product[] (GNP) 国土资源部Ministry [] of Land and精品文Resources[]国务院State Council []国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council国务院部委Ministries and Commissions [] Directly[] under the State Council国务院参事办Counsellors' Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国务院机关事物管理局Government OfficesAdministration[] of the StateCouncil[]国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council国务院直属事业单位 Institutions [] Directly under theState Council国有独资商业银行wholly state-funded commercial [] bank 国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises [] 国有企业重组egroup SOEs国有资源有偿使用paid [] use of state-owned resources[]国债资金the capital [] obtained [] fromissuance of government bonds[]过剩的生产能力excessive [] production capacity[]H海关总署General Administration of Customs海峡两岸关系cross []-Strait relations合同管理制contract [] management system合作加盟Join in Cooperation宏观调控目标macro-control targets宏观经济预期目标macroeconomic targets华侨委员会Overseas [] Chinese Affairs Committee 环境Environment [] n.汇票bill [] of exchange [i]汇票(DD[]）demand [] draft[]汇票期限TENOR汇票正本first of exchange []行业industry []行业动态Trends行业新闻Trade newsJ积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy基层监督grass []-roots supervision基础设施建设construction of infrastructural facilities即期汇票demand [] bill []技成果转化the commercialization of research findings [] 技术力量technology n.技术指标Technique Data []加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline[]加大转移支付力度increase transfer payments []加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw []materials []加快经济结构调整accelerate [] economic restructuring价格Price n.价格法the Price Law价格歧视price[] discrimination[]坚定信心proceed [] with confidence[]坚决不搞重复建设prohibit [] redundant projects[]坚决杜绝劣质工程prohibit inferior [] p rojects监察部Ministry [] of Supervision减轻企业负担 lighten the burden [] on enterprises[]减人增效increase efficiency [] by downsizing payrolls 福利型、供给型、实物型in the form of welfare，supply and kind减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency []剪彩仪式ribbon []-cutting ceremonies见票即付after sight建设部Ministry[] of Construction[]建设中In construction教育部Ministry [] of Education教育培训Education & Training金融体制改革reform [] of the financial system金融资产管理公司financial asset management companies进出口商品结构pattern [] of imports [] and exports 经济不发达地区economically [] underdeveloped areas经济发展后劲future economic growth []经济房low-cost housing经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring经理致辞Manager`s oration经营理念managing notion经营收费operating charges []精打细算meticulous plan all expenditures []精心设计meticulous design []拒付to dishornor a bill []决定承兑absolute [] acceptance [] K精品文开汇票to draw [] a bill []开拓城乡市场develop urban and rural markets开拓农村消费市场develop consumer[] markets in rural areas科技发展基金 a science and technology development fund []科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating China through thedevelopment of science and education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology科学技术进步scientific and technological progress [] 科学论证scientific verification科学有效的收入组织机制 a scientific and effective [] mechanism[] for collecting revenue[]可持续发展战略the strategy of sustainable development可支配收入disposable income []客户服务Customer [] Service客户留言Customer Message[]肯定成绩affirm [] our achievements[]亏损企业loss-generating enterprise s []扩大内需，刺激消费expand [] increase [] domestic[] demand and stimulate consumptionL拉动经济增长stimulate economic growth来之不易hard-won achievements []浪费资源resource []-wasting劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour [] and Social Security劳动力市场the labor marke t劳动者素质的提高improve the quality of laborers老工业基地old industrial [] bases精品文离退休人员基本养老金basic pensions [] for retirees离退休人员养老金pensions to retired [] employees[]厉行节约practice economy联系人Contact [] Person联系我们Contact Us零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting syste m领导致辞Leader []`s oration漏征漏管户tax dodgers论坛Forum []M秘书处Secretariat面对严峻挑战meet the serious challenge []民政部Ministry of Civil [] Affairs []民族地区regions [] inhabited [] by ethnicgroups民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee名优产品famous brand high-quality products牟取暴利price hikes [] for exorbitant profits [] N内务司法委员会Committee for Internal [] and Judicial Affairs 年度国家预算annual [] State budge您的要求Your requirements []农村电网改造projects [] to upgrade rural power grids农村剩余劳动力surplus rural workers农业部Ministry of Agriculture []P品牌Brand []Q精品文企业规模SCALE Scale企业文化Culture []企业资质Enterprise [] qualification[]起草社会治安法drafting a social security law侨务办公室Office of Overseas [] Chinese Affairs求贤纳士Join Us全国人大常务委员会the NPC Standing Committe e全国人大代表deputy [] to the National People'sCongress []全国人民代表大会National People's Congress(NPC)全国人民代表大会常务委员会the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会主席团the NPC Presidium全国政协委员member[] of the national committee of CPPCC 全体会议plenary [] meetingR人力资源Human Resource [] HR人事部Ministry of Personnel []S社区Community生产厂家Manufacturer []实体经济the real economy售后服务after sale service水利部Ministry of Water Resources []司法部Ministry of Justice []私人企业private [] enterprises[](foreign-funded foreign financed foreign-ownedenterprisesT提交Submit精品文铁道部Ministry of Railways []投诉lodge [] a complaint [] register[] a beef[]投诉热线dial-a-cheat confidential [] hotline 投资Investment []投资热点 a region attractive to investors，a much-sought pieceof land popular investment spotW外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs外商独资企业wholly foreign-owned enterprises [] 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee外资overseas [] investment[]外资企业Foreign invested (foreign founded, foreignfinanced,foreign-owned) enterprises卫生部Ministry of Public Health文化部Ministry of CultureX销售热线Sales Hot-line销售信息Sales Information新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency []新闻办公室Information Office新闻动态News & Trends信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry信息发布Information []Y型号Model []押汇汇票documentary [] bill []业绩Achievements []业务范围Business Scope业务介绍Business introduction []精品文一次偿还信贷non-installment []一次成像照片 a Polaroid picture一次付清pay in full一次消费one-time-consumption []依法收税levy taxes according the law意见反馈Feedback []应用领域Application [] Fields营销网络Sales Network []用途Application []邮编postal []code []; ZipcodeZ远期汇票time bill在线调查Online [] inquiry []在线订购On-line order []在线交流Online communication [] 招标Bid [] inviting招聘Join Us招商Enterprise []-establishing证书Certificate []中国地震局China Seismological Bureau []中国工程院Chinese Academy [] of Engineering[]中国科学院Chinese] Academy of Sciences中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation [] Administration[] of China (CAAC)中国企业网技术支持Powered by 中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau []中国人民银行People's Bank of China中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission [] (CSRC)中华人民共和国主席President [] of the People's Republic[] of China中心概况General Profile中央军事委员会Central [] Military [] Commission[]主席团Presidium注册Login n. v.专题报道Special report资质认证quality certification综述General n. adj.组织机构organization []最高人民法院Supreme People's Court []最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate法律专业A按份共有several possession []按份之债several obligation []案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court[])案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials [] i n the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved [] in the case案值total value involved in the caseB败诉方losing party办案人员personnel [] handling a case保全措施申请书application [] for protective[]measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused []被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused[]被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victims agent [] ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution [] is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal [] action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord []辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney []/l awyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence []; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate []驳回反诉dismiss[] a counterclaim; reject [] acounterclaim驳回请求deny []/dismiss [] a motion[]驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal [] and sustain theoriginal [] judgement[]/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/sui t驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private [] prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private]-prosecuting case]补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement []补充侦查supplementary investigation []不公开审理trial in camera []不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest []不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court版权copyright [] n.包办婚姻arranged [] marriage []保证guaranty n.保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond []; security deposit[] 保证人guarantor n.保佐protection [] n.精品文被代理人principal [] n.本代理original [] agency []本代理人original agent []本人principal [] n.表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent [] agency不安抗辩权unstable counter[]-argument right不当得利unjust enrichment不当履行misfeasance不可抗力force [] majeure不可侵犯权inviolability不要式民事法律行为informal civil [] legal [] act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act不作为omission n.C财产担保property [] guarantee []财产分割partition []; dismemberment of property财团法人legal body of financial group采矿权mining ownership []产品瑕疵defect [] of product撤销权right of claiming cancellation承包经营权right to contracted management承认权right of admission []诚实信用原则principle of good faith []乘人之危taking advantage of others precarious position[]程序法procedural law驰名商标reputed trademark处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi创造性creativity n.创作creation n.次代理subagency n.精品文从民事法律行为accessory [] civil legal act从债accessory obligation []财产保全申请书application for attachment []; applicationfor property preservation []裁定order n.v.; determination[]n.裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order n. v.; ruling n.裁决书award [] n. v.采信的证据admitted [] evidence []查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal[ ]撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original [] judgement[] and remand the case ro the original courtfor retrial出示的证据exhibit [] n. v.除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments[])传唤summon v.; call v.传闻证据hearsay n.D答辩answer n. v.; reply [] n. v.答辩陈述书statement of defence []答辩状answer n. v.; reply n. v.大法官associate [] justices [];justice [] n.大检察官deputy [] chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal精品文代理审判员acting judge []代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial withrestricted [] liberty [] of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure[]当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement[] or sentence incourt地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation []定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixeddate定罪证据incriminating evidence[]; inculpatoryevidence冻结freeze []督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench []独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory [] measures against impairmentof civil action对席判决judgement inter parties大陆法continental [] law大陆法系civil law system代理agency []代理权right of agency代理人agent []代理行为act of agency代位继承representation []; succession精品文bysubrogation代位权subrogated right单独继承single succession单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act单一之债single obligation []担保物权real right for security盗版pirate [] n.盗版VCD pirated [] VCD等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange抵销set off抵押标的物collateral; estate [] under mortgage[]抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权人mortgagee n.抵押人mortgagor n.抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority[] of mortgage[] 地上权superficies地役权servitude; easement第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order佃权tenant right定金earnest[] money deposit []文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文独生子女only child多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal actcessory obligation[]E恶意占有malicious possession []二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insuranceF发表权right of publication []发明创造invention [] and creation发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery []罚款impose [] a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges []法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments []/papers法律援助legal aid []法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate []法庭调查court investigation []法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode [] of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court[] n.法院公告court announcement []反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal [] suspect文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect法定代理人statutory agent legal agent法定继承legal seccession法定违约金liquidated damages by law法定之债legal obligation []法定孳息legal fruits法律婚legal marriage []法律渊源source of law法人legal person法人合伙partnership of legal person法人型联营association [] of legal persons防卫行为act of defence []非婚生子女illegitimate child非专属权non-exclusive [] right否认权right of claiming cancellation夫妻分居divorce [] a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed andboard夫妻共同财产community [] property[]夫妻关系conjugal relationship []服务商标service trademark抚恤金pension [] n.附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act复代理subagency n.复代理人subagent n.复婚resumption of marriage []G文档下载后可复制可编辑感情破裂incompatibility个人独资企业individual [] business establishment[]个人合伙partnership n.个体工商户individual [] business给付give []; pay v.工业产权industrial property公法public law公力救济public protection []公民citizen [] n.公平原则principle [] of justice []公序良俗public order and moral []共同共有joint possession []共同继承joint succession固有法native [] law; indigenous law关联企业affiliate enterprise []广告商标advertisement [] trademark国民待遇原则doctrine [] of national treatment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise[]H合法行为lawful act合伙partnership n.合伙财产property of partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment [] 合伙人partner [] n.合伙协议partnership agreement合伙型联营coordinated [] management in partnership合伙债务debt [] of partnership合同之债contractual obligation []合作社cooperative[]文档下载后可复制可编辑衡平法equity []; law of equity户籍census register []婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚生子女ligitimate child婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage , family , inheritance, adoption [] 婚姻登记marriage registration婚姻法marital law; marriage law货币currency []获得报酬权right to get paymentJ机械复制权right of mechanograph;right of mechanica l[]reproduction []计划生育birth control技术诀窍know-how既得权tested right继承参与人succession participant []基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at differentlevels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison [] n.检察官procurator n.检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate n.检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure []鉴定结论expert [] conclusion[]文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement[] without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings []拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence []举证责任burden [] of proof []; onus probandi 决定书decision n.军事法院military [] procuratorate继承法inheritance law; law of succession继承人heir []; successor继受法adopted law间接继承indirect [] succession监护guardianship n.简单之债simple obligation []教会法ecclesiastical law结婚marry [] v.解除权right of renouncement紧急避险act of rescue []; necessity [] 近似商标similar trademark禁止规范forbidding norm []禁治产人interdicted person经常居住地frequently [] dwelling [] place经营权managerial authority []; power of management精神损害moral []/mental []/spiritual damage 救济权right of relief []居所residence [] n.绝对权absolute [] right文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文K开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property []控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings[]控诉证据incriminating evidence []控诉职能accusation function []扣押distrain on; attachment[]扣押物distress []/distraint宽限期period of grace []抗辩权right of defense可撤销民事行为revocable civil actL离婚divorce [] n. v.利用权right to make use of例外法exception [] law连带之债joint obligation []联营joint venture林权forest ownership []留置权lien n.录制权right of fixation律师代理agency by lawyer罗马法Roman Law罗劳动争议仲裁申请书petition [] for labor dispute[]arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure [] for examination文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文[]and approval[] of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence []立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award []律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer's writtenauthentication律师事务所law office;law firm律师提前介入prior [] intervention by lawyerM马法系Roman law system免于刑事处分exemption from criminal [] penalty[]民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law埋藏物fortuna; hidden property []买卖婚姻mercenary marriage []民法法律规范norm [] of civil law民法法系civil law system民法基本原则fundamental [] principles[] ofcivil law民事法律行为civil legal act民事合伙civil partnership民事权利权利能力civil right文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文民事行为civil act名称权right of name名誉权right reputation []明示保证express guaranty命令性规范commanding norm []默示保证implied [] guarantyN扭送seize and deliver[] a suspect to the police拟制血亲blood relations in fiction [] of law农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household []诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal actP派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement []; determination判决书judgement; determination verdict旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror n.批准逮捕approval [] of arrest破案clear up a criminal [] case; solve a criminalcase破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure []普通管辖general jurisdiction判例法case law; precedent旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation配偶spouse n.配偶权right of spouse剽窃plagiary; plagiarism漂流物drifting object平等原则principle of equality []文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文普通代理general agency普通法common law普通合伙general partnership期待权expectant right欺诈fraud v.Q企业法人破产还债程序procedure [] of bankruptcy and liquidation ofa business corporation []起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue v. ; litigate v. ; prosecute v.; institution[] of proceedings[]起诉状indictment n.; information n.区县检察院grassroots People[]’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted []liberty [] of moving缺席判决default [] judgement [] 企业法人legal body of enterprise []企业集团group of enterprise亲权parental power；parental right亲属权right of relative []侵权行为tort n.侵权行为之债tort obligation []清偿discharge []; satisfaction情事变更原则doctrine [] of change of circumstances[]请求权right of claim []全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney []权利本位standard of right文档下载后可复制可编辑精品文权利的保护protection [] of rightR人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property asqwnerless让与担保alienation guarantee []人格权right of personality []人权human right人身权利personal right人身损害damage to person人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude任意之债voluntary obligation []日尔曼法Germantic law荣誉权right of honor入伙join partnershipS善意占有possession [] in good faith商标代理trademark agency商标公告trademark gazette []商标国际注册international registration of trademar k商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标侵权trademark infringement商标权trademark right商标审查trademark examination []商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement []商标事务所trademark office商标注册registered [] trademark商品商标commodity [] trademark社会本位standard of society社团法人legal body of mass organizatio n [] 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements []文档下载后可复制可编辑涉外收养adoption [] with foreign elements[]申请在先原则prior [] application [] rule 身份权right of status生命健康权right of life and health生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death实际履行原则doctrine [] of specific performance[]实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act实体法substantial law实用新型utility model实用性practicability使用权right of use; right to use of使用权right to use; right of use使用收益分享权right to share usufruct使用在先priority [] of use世袭继承hereditary succession市民法jus civile收回权right of recall []; right of retrieval收养法adoption [] law收养人adoptive parent []收养协议adoption [] agreement[] 收益权right to earnings []; right to yields受托人trustee n.授权规范authorization norm []授权委托书power of attorney []授权行为act of authorization署名权right of authorship; right of paternity双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act司法解释judicial interpretation[]私法private [] law文档下载后可复制可编辑。
汉语言文学专业
3、具有文学修养和鉴赏能力以及较强的写作能力；
4、了解我国关于语言文字和文学艺术的方针、政策和法规；
5、了解本学科的前沿成就和发展前景；
6、能阅读古典文献，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力。
3181483 老舍研究 Studies of Lao She
3181045 礼仪与口才 Ceremonies and Eloquence
3181500 两汉经学 Hermeneutic of Han Dynasties
3181511 两汉抒情小赋研究 Studies of Han Dynasties Lyric Fugato
3181482 闽南语速成 Southern Fujian Dialect speed-up Training
3181493 名著欣赏与艺术探讨 Understanding Classic Works and Art Approaching
3181022 明清诗论 Studies of Poesy in Ming and Qing Dynasty
三、就业方向
编辑，记者，高级文秘，国家机关公务员，中学教师等
四、主干课程
语言学概论、古代汉语、现代汉语、文学概论、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、外国文学、比较文学、中国古典文献学、民间文学、写作、美学
五、教学课程（标△号为内地生必修课，标*号为境外生必修课）
汉语言文学专业（本科、学制四年）教学课程
3181534 秘书实务 Secretary Practice
3181029 民族文学与民族文化专题 National Literature and National Culture
对外汉语专业词汇
对外汉语专业词汇1语⾔类syllable⾳节alphabet字母ambiguity语⾔中的歧异现象pronunciation发⾳Cantonese⼴东话vowel元⾳consonant辅⾳tone声调tone language声调语⾔rhyme韵律rhyme押韵rhythm节奏intonation语调speech of sound语⾳lexicon词汇grammar语法word-building/-formation构词法morphological change形态变化morpheme语素vocal cords 声带organs of speech发⾳器官respiratory organs呼吸器官phonetic alphabet⾳标Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 汉语拼⾳phoneme ⾳位attribute属性articulation oracle发⾳bone inscriptions 甲⾻⽂stroke笔画character component部⾸ideograph表意⽂字pictograph象形⽂字notional word实词noun名词verb 动词adjective形容词adverb 副词pronoun代词function word虚词conjunction连词mood word语⽓词preposition介词interjection叹词auxiliary word助词modal verb情态动词subject主语object宾语attribute定语complement补语predicate谓语predicative表语adverbial状语modifier修饰语synonym 同义词antonym反义词word group词组tense时态proper noun专有名词register专业术语context语境ending词尾suffix后缀infix前缀original meaning本义basic meaning基本义extended meaning引申义set phrase / idiom成语dialect⽅⾔Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语⽤学Applied linguistics应⽤语⾔学arbitrary / arbitrariness任意性productivit能产性duality⼆重性displacement移位性creativity创造性soft palate软腭hard palate硬腭teeth ridge齿龈air stream⽓流stress重⾳annotate注⾳v root词根stem词⼲word order词序Saussure索绪尔language⾔语活动parole⾔语langue语⾔competence语⾔能⼒performance⾔语⾏为isolating language孤⽴语agglutinative language黏着语inflectional language屈折语folklore民俗学character字word词sentence句⼦note注释exercise练习assignment作业the rule of writing书写规则passage短⽂speech tempo语速courseware课件teaching objective教学⽬标teaching procedure教学步骤placement test分班考试interlanguage中介语contrastive analysis对⽐分析Error analysis偏误分析positive transfe正迁移r negative transfer负迁移Language Acquisition语⾔习得Target Language⽬的语Second Language第⼆语⾔Structuralism结构主义Behaviorism⾏为主义speech act theory⾔语⾏为理论principle of conversation会话原则maxim准则conversational implication会话含义widening of meaning意义扩⼤narrowing of meaning意义缩⼩meaning shift意义改变LAD=Language acquisition device 语⾔习得装置2⽂学类method of creation创作⽅法essential features基本特征world outlook 世界观literary style⽂学风格emotional feeling思想感情Realism 现实主义Romanticism浪漫主义Classicism古典主义literary appreciation appreciation of literature⽂学鉴赏literary criticism⽂学批评literary theory⽂学理论schools of literature⽂学流派linguistic arts语⾔艺术literary works⽂学作品narrative poetry叙事诗lyric poetry抒情诗essay杂⽂fiction⼩说novel长篇⼩说medium-length novel中篇⼩说short story短篇⼩说poetry诗歌prose散⽂drama戏剧tragedy悲剧comedy喜剧solemn drama正剧严肃剧stage play话剧literary script⽂学剧本montage 蒙太奇contemporary当代⽂学literary heritage⽂化遗产publication出版regulation调节intellectual知识分⼦educational background学历definition定义corresponding对应的creative consciousness创新意识literary circle⽂学界literary trend ⽂学潮流individual value个⼈价值Renaissance⽂艺复兴Enlightenment启蒙运动humanism⼈本主义heroism英雄主义sense of life⽣命意识literary achievement⽂学成就legend传说imagination想象⼒human right⼈权literary flavor⽂学⾊彩technique of expression表现⼿法supernatural power超⾃然的⼒量epic史诗strong will坚强的意志keynote基调historical play历史剧plot情节time时间site地点theme主题distinctive image鲜明的形象character性格characteristic特征aesthetic value美学价值exaggeration夸张contrast对⽐folk literature民间⽂学social status社会地位Sinology汉学religion宗教信仰worship崇拜Taoism道教Confucius孔⼦Confucian儒家的superstition迷信mythology神话emperor皇帝Yellow Empero黄帝r hierarchy等级制度taboo禁忌filial duty孝顺annals编年史dynastic history断代史dynasty朝代title⽚名original version原著National Day国庆节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival中秋节Spring Festival春节Lantern Festival元宵节Children’s Day⼉童节Dragon Boat Festival端午节5中国独特的传统饮⾷wonton馄饨guotie fried jiaozi 锅贴steamed twisted rolls花卷set meal套餐box lunch; Chinese take-away盒饭dialogue对⽩subtitle字幕take镜头clip⽚段picture画⾯speciality / major专业calligraphy书法vbe in rhyme押韵category范畴3名著Outlaws of the Marsh〈⽔浒传〉The Dream of Red Chamber〈红楼梦〉Three Kingdoms〈三国演义〉The Journey the West〈西游记〉Zhao’s Orphan元曲〈赵⽒孤⼉〉Chinese Orphan 〈中国孤⼉〉伏尔泰The Analects of Confucius〈论语〉The Book of Songs〈诗经〉Mencius 〈孟⼦〉4中华民族的喜庆节⽇Women’s Day妇⼥节Water-Splashing Day泼⽔节Teachers’Day教师节Youth Day五四青年节rice tofu⽶⾖腐konjak tofu魔芋⾖腐rice noodles⽶粉a stick of sugar-coated haws or apples,etc. 冰糖葫芦6中国新兴事物China Telecom中国电信China Mobile中国移动the 10th Five-Year Plan⼗五计划Chinanet中国电脑联⽹the Three Gorges Project三峡⼯程Project Hope希望⼯程fried rice noodles炒⽶粉Fish ball soup鱼丸汤egg & vegetable soup蛋花汤0yster soup牡蛎汤seaweed soup紫菜汤sweet & sour soup酸辣汤wonton soup馄饨汤pork thick soup⾁羹汤squid soup鱿鱼汤tomatoes on sticks糖葫芦longevity Peaches长寿桃glutinous rice sesame balls芝⿇球hemp flowers⿇花plum juice酸梅汁stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 臭⾖腐spicy hot bean curd⿇辣⾖腐prawn cracker虾⽚sh7特有的⼀些汉语词汇Zen Buddhism禅宗dhyana; dhgaya禅chaos混沌Daosim, the way and its power道Four Noble Truth四谛Eightfold Path⼋正道anity⽆常Theory of Five Elements五⾏说anatman⽆我metta or transcendental meditation 坐禅sunyata空nothingness虚⽆8国家机关名称National People' s Congress NPC全国⼈民代表⼤会Presidium主席团Standing Committee常务委员会General Office办公厅Secretariat秘书处Credentials Committee代表资格审查委员会Motions Examination Committee提案审查委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee民族委员会Law Committee法律委员会Finance and Economy Committee财政经济委员会rimp balls虾球spring rolls春卷paper宣纸yamen衙门kowtow叩头Confucius孔⼦pailou；pai-loo牌楼wushuChinese Martial Arts武术kungfu；kung fu功夫the way of medium cf. Golden Means 中庸harmony zhonghe 中和to show filial obedience孝顺dutiful son孝⼦family head家长three cardinal：三纲five constant virtues: 五常guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 君为⾂纲，⽗为⼦纲，夫为妻纲benevolence humanity , righteousness, propriety,wisdom and fidelity 仁、义、理、智、信eight-legged essays⼋股⽂raising sons to support one in one’s 养⼉防⽼The more sons/children, the more 多⼦多福Longxu Ditch龙须沟model opera样板戏The Mine Warfare地雷战Drunkened Concubine贵妃醉酒State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine under the General Administration of Customs 国家出⼊境检验检疫局海关总署9中国传统⽂化事物Farewell to My Concubine霸王别姬Tears of Huangshan荒⼭泪Gathering of Heroes群英会East Wind借东风General and Premier Make Up 将相和The Story of Pipa琵琶记Women General of Yang Family 杨门⼥将Flower Drum Dance凤阳花⿎Home in the Sea⼤海啊，故乡My Chinese Heart我的中国⼼Night at the Naval Port军港之夜Winter Fire冬天⾥的⼀把⽕Peony Pavilion牡丹亭Ambush from All Sides ⼗⾯埋伏（古曲）Goddess Marriage天仙配Moon and Flower in the Spring River 春江花⽉夜Lasting Words to Awaken the World 醒世恒⾔Butterfly Love梁祝（⼩提琴协奏曲）Ordinary Words to Warn the World 警世通⾔Clear Words to Illustrate the World 喻世明⾔Three Volumes of Words，Two Volumes of Slapping“三⾔”、“⼆拍”Surprise Stories to Make One Slapthe Desk拍案惊奇A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 红楼梦Water Margin⽔浒Journey to the West西游记Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义Strange Tles from a Scholar's Studio 聊斋志异Palace of Eternal Life长⽣殿The Peach Blossom Fan桃花扇The Scholars儒林外史Celebrating Mother's Birthday 五⼥拜寿Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 清明上河图Peking Opera京剧Yue Opera越剧Chuan Opera川剧The Shop of Lin Family林家铺⼦Garden of Respose 憩园（巴⾦作品集）Wild Grass野草（鲁迅作品集）Wandering彷徨（鲁迅作品集）Chinese descent炎黄⼦孙Old Tales Retold 故事新编（鲁迅作品集）five elements五⾏Avalokitesvara观⾳菩萨Boddhisattva菩萨mosque清真寺Taoist道⼠monk和尚nun尼姑arhat罗汉the God of Wealth财神爷Door Gods门神the Jade Emperor⽟皇⼤帝King of Hell阎王爷Dragon King龙王the Fire God炉⽕神the King of Medicine药王the Queen Mother of the West 王母娘娘Water Curtain Cave⽔帘洞the Great Sage Equalling Heaven 齐天⼤圣Buddhist scriptures佛经Mountain of Flowers and Fruits花果⼭Handsome Monkey King美猴王golden cudgel⾦箍棒seventy-two different forms 七⼗⼆般变化Patriarch Subhut孙悟空的师⽗the Protector of the Horses弼马温Great White Planet太⽩⾦星Mighty Miracle God巨灵神Prince Ne Zha哪吒三太⼦the Immortality Peach Garden 蕃桃园Jade Pool瑶池Barefoot Immortal⾚脚⼤仙True Lord Erlangzhenjun⼆郎真君Eight Trigrams Furnace⼋卦炉Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad 太上⽼君metal⾦Hall of Miraculous Mist灵霄宝殿Four Heavenly Kings四⼤天王Five Elements Mountain五⾏⼭wood⽊water⽔第10/14页fire⽕earth⼟Heavenly King with a Pagoda in Hand托塔李天王Dujiang Weir都江堰the Eight Immortals⼋仙Iron Crutch Li铁拐李Han Zhongli汉钟离Zhang Guolao张果⽼He Xiangu何仙姑Lan Caihe蓝采和Han Xiangzi韩湘⼦Cao Guojiu曹国舅Lu Dongbin吕洞宾River Uncle河伯the Thunder God雷公Chang'e嫦娥Local God of the Land⼟地神Granting Titles to Gods封神榜the Kitchen God灶王爷China Telecom中国电信China Mobile中国移动the 10th Five-Year Plan⼗五计划Chinanet中国电脑联⽹the Three Gorges Project三峡⼯程Project Hope希望⼯程Beijing CKowloon Railway 京九铁路Anti-Poverty Project扶贫⼯程Vegetable Basket Project 菜篮⼦⼯程Decent-Life Project温饱⼯程Economy Housing Project安居⼯程Porn-Purging Campaign扫黄Go-West Campaign西部⼤开发trigram⼋卦yin, yang阴、阳Dao(cf. logo) 道the jianghu World (the traits’world) 江湖(世界) Daoism(Taoism) 道excessive internal heat上⽕Confucianism儒学redology红学(《红楼梦》研究) Shangri-la or Arcadia世外桃源kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 开放getting an equal share regardless of the work done⼤锅饭scar literature or the literature of the wounded伤痕⽂学no imposing uniformity on 不搞⼀⼑切to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 脱贫to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 合乎国情，顺乎民意imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge乱摊派，乱收费iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post铁交椅Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline治则兴，乱则衰第11/14页mural壁画Chinese traditional painting国画ink and wash painting⽔墨画silk painting绢画wooden graving⽊刻画engraving版画shell carving painting贝雕画new year picture年画pottery ware陶器jade article⽟器china ware瓷器celadon青瓷bronze ware青铜器cloisonnéenamel景泰蓝lacquer ware漆器painted pottery彩陶trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty唐三彩ice carving冰雕jade carving⽟雕stone carving⽯雕bones carving⾻雕shell carving贝雕wood carving⽊雕tree root carving根雕porcelain carving瓷器雕ivory carving象⽛雕painted sculpture彩塑dough figurine画塑clay figure泥⼈⼉silk fan绢扇sandal wood fan檀⾹扇folding fan折扇pearl珍珠agate玛瑙coral珊瑚green jade翡翠amber琥珀jade⽟embroidery刺绣two-sided embroidery双⾯秀tapestry挂毯batik蜡染wickerwork藤条制品pure silk真丝cigarette holder烟嘴snuff bottle⿐烟壶seal图章potted landscape盆景screen屏风edans s轿⼦pinwheel风车acrobatics杂技magic魔术shaking drum拨浪⿎bamboo flute⽵苗shadow puppet⽪影sugar-molded糖⼈courtyard homes四合院stilt walk踩⾼跷martial arts武术rickshaw⼈⼒车palace lantern宫灯finger-guessing game猜拳monologue story-telling说书time-honored⽼字号cross talk相声pay a new year call拜年firecracker爆⽵a string of small fire crackers鞭炮year-end household⼤扫除lantern riddles灯谜第12/14页temple fair庙会new year’s picture年画to hang out new year’s picture 挂年画family reunion dinner on lunar new year 年夜饭to stay awake all night守岁glutinous cake for new year年糕the first day of the first lunar month ⼤年初⼀eight-treasure rice pudding⼋宝饭poetic couplets对联to put up antithetical couplets 贴春联to put up window paper-cuts 糊窗花money given to children as a lunar new year gift压岁钱local opera地⽅戏theatrical mask戏剧脸谱male characters⽣female characters旦painted face characters净middle-aged male characters末clown丑gunpowder⽕药compass指南针paper-making techniques造纸术paper-printing techniques印刷术martial arts武术Qigong ⽓功to fight a challenge fight in an arena 打擂台to listen to historical or traditionalstoriesto play Chinese chess 下象棋to make special studies of calligraphy 练习书法to do traditional Chinese painting 画国画听评书to inscribe a poem题诗to match an antithetical couplet 求对第13/14页近⼀季度见诸报端的中国现代特⾊词汇翻译grass-roots supervision基层监督base tariff level基础税率matrimonial agency婚介所extramarital love婚外恋bride photo婚纱摄shoddy cotton⿊⼼棉machine scoring机器阅卷scratch-open ticket/lottery 即开型奖券go all out for economic development 集中精⼒把经济建设搞上去public price hearings价格听证会temporarily transfer借调Division A Soccer Team甲A球队household management service家政服务ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 加强舆论监督accounting fraud假帐challenge; pick a quarrel叫板use lame arguments矫情gradual Taiwan independence 渐进式台独Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 扩⼤中等收⼊者⽐重expand domestic demand and consumption扩⼤内需，刺激消费。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析汉语言文学专业词汇（英文版）felix2021-01-0716:31:09现代文学：contemporaryliterature大众文学：popularliterature报告文学：reportage批判主义：criticism伊索寓言：aesop`sfables希腊文化：hellenism形而上学：metaphysis孔子学说：confucian喜怒哀乐：pleasureangersorrowjoy发源地：source爱美剧：amateur修辞学：rhetoric语音学：phonetic助动词：auxiliaryverb感叹词：interjection连接词：linkword逻辑词：logicalword里程碑：milestone拉丁语：latin田园诗：idyl无名氏：annymousperson真善美：truthgoodnessbeauty英语分类词汇：文学有关词汇classicalliterature古典文学contemporaryliterature现代文学popularliterature大众文学lightliterature通俗文学folklore民间文学saga(river)novel长篇小说shortnovel,longshortstory中篇小说shortstory短篇小说lovestory爱情小说deterctivestory侦破小说mysterystory怪诞小说whodunit推理小说humorousstory幽默小说historicalnovel历史小说essay随笔bookoftravels游记reportage报告文学criticism评论bestseller畅销书anthology全集copyright版权,著作权deluxebinding精装flatstitching平装smythsewed线装humanities人文学科writer作家book书volume卷thethreeunities三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright编剧act幕scene场plot情节appendix1aglossaryoflinguistictermsaabbreviation[]n.简写.简写词.科唇ablative[]n.动名词a.动名词的absolute[]a.单一制的.单一制成分absoluteclause单一制从句abstractnouns抽象名词adjective[]n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct[]n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal[]a.（定语）修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb[]n.副词；状语adverbial[]a.副词的,作副词用的adversative[]a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语)affirmative[]n.肯定词.肯定语affix[]n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affixhopping词缀跳跃)affixation[]n.附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate[]n.塞擦音agent(agentive)施事agreement[]n.(人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream[]n.气流alliteration[]n.头韵(法)allomorph[]n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone[]n.同位音.音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体alveolar[]n.齿龈音，齿槽音.alveolarridge齿龈ambiguity[ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon[]n.含混，歧义]n.发生改变观点.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis[]n.反复法.顶真analogical[]a.类似的.类推的analogicalcreation类推造字anapaest[]n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora[]n.复指.首语(句)重复法annotation[]n.注释.注解antecedent[]n.(关系代词的)先行词antithesis[]n.1.对立面;矛盾2.(修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia[]n.代称，称谓替代antonym[]n.反义词,反义现象aphorism[]n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis[]n.话语中断，骂人中断法apostrophe[]n.1.呼语2.竖钩号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative[]a.1.名称的2.俗称的n.俗称名词.普通名词apposition[]n.1.同位语2.棘劫appropriateness[]n.庄重.适宜.适度.为重arbitrariness[]n.任意性archaism[]n.古体，拟古，古语argot[]n.行语，暗语，黑话article[]n.冠词articulation[]n.(确切的)发音.收到的(辅)音.发音动作articulator[]n.1.发音确切的人或物2.发音器官articulatory[]a.发音准确的.与发音有关的aside片头，私语，离题话aspect[]n.(动词的)体.时态.时间aspirated[]a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation[]n.同化aureate[]a.绚丽的（--diction,绚丽辞令cstyle绚丽体）assonance[]n.1.谐音2.(诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive[]a.1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary[]a.辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliaryverb助动词bback-formation逆构词法baseform基础形式behaviouralprocess行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial[]a.双唇音的n.双唇音bilabialnasal双唇鼻音bilateral[]a.双边的.双边音bilateralopposition双边对立。
2024安徽自考汉语言文学英语二单词汇总
2024安徽自考汉语言文学英语二单词汇总全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024 Anhui Self-study Examination Chinese Language and Literature English II VocabularyThe Anhui self-study examination for Chinese Language and Literature English II is a comprehensive test that requires candidates to have a strong command of the English language. One of the key components of this examination is the vocabulary section, where students are tested on their knowledge of a wide range of English words and phrases. In this article, we will provide a summary of the key vocabulary that candidates need to know for the 2024 Anhui Self-study Examination for Chinese Language and Literature English II.1. Adjectives:- Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. Some common adjectives that candidates need to know for the examination include "beautiful", "smart", "tall", "happy", and "successful".2. Verbs:- Verbs are words that express action or a state of being. Candidates should be familiar with a wide range of verbs, including "run", "eat", "study", "sleep", and "think".3. Nouns:- Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. Some common nouns that candidates should know include "book", "computer", "friend", "city", and "love".4. Adverbs:- Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Candidates should be comfortable using adverbs such as "quickly", "happily", "slowly", "eagerly", and "often".5. Phrasal verbs:- Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions or adverbs that have a specific meaning. Candidates should be familiar with phrasal verbs such as "run into", "look up", "give up", "bring back", and "think over".6. Idioms:- Idioms are expressions that have a figurative meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words. Candidates should be familiar with idioms such as "barking up the wrongtree", "break a leg", "hit the nail on the head", "piece of cake", and "raining cats and dogs".7. Prepositions:- Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Candidates should be comfortable using prepositions such as "in", "on", "at", "to", and "for".8. Conjunctions:- Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. Candidates should be familiar with conjunctions such as "and", "but", "or", "because", and "although".In addition to these vocabulary categories, candidates should also be familiar with common English expressions, phrasal verbs, and idiomatic expressions that are commonly used in everyday conversation. By studying and memorizing these key vocabulary items, candidates can improve their language skills and increase their chances of success on the 2024 Anhui Self-study Examination for Chinese Language and Literature English II.篇22024 Anhui Self-taught Examination Chinese Language and Literature English II Vocabulary SummaryIntroduction:The Anhui self-taught examination is an important way for individuals to obtain academic qualifications without attending regular educational institutions. For the 2024 examination, candidates will need to have a strong command of vocabulary in both Chinese language and English. This article provides a comprehensive list of vocabulary words that are likely to appear in the English II section of the examination.1. Education-related Vocabulary:- Academic: relating to education and scholarship- Curriculum: a course of study offered by an educational institution- Dissertation: a long essay on a particular subject, especially one written as a requirement for a university degree- Pedagogy: the method and practice of teaching- Literacy: the ability to read and write2. Literature-related Vocabulary:- Protagonist: the main character in a story or play- Foreshadowing: a literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story- Symbolism: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities- Tragedy: a work of fiction or drama in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow- Sonnet: a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes3. Language-related Vocabulary:- Phonetics: the study of the sounds of human speech- Syntax: the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language- Semantics: the study of meaning in language- Pragmatics: the study of how language is used in specific situations to achieve particular goals- Dialect: a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group4. Culture-related Vocabulary:- Heritage: traditions, beliefs, and practices that are passed down through generations- Tradition: a custom or belief that is handed down from one generation to the next- Globalization: the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale- Ethnocentrism: the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or cultural traditions- Assimilation: the process by which a person or group of people acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a different cultureConclusion:In conclusion, mastering the vocabulary words listed above will be essential for success in the 2024 Anhui self-taught examination's English II section. Candidates should make sure to study and review these words thoroughly in order to perform well on the exam. Good luck to all the candidates preparing for the examination!篇32024 Anhui self-taught examination Chinese language and literature English II vocabulary summaryThe 2024 Anhui self-taught examination is an important assessment for individuals looking to further their studies or pursue a career. One of the key components of the examination is the English II paper, which tests the candidate's vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive summary of the vocabulary that candidates should be familiar with for the 2024 Anhui self-taught examination.The vocabulary list for the 2024 Anhui self-taught examination includes a wide range of words and phrases from various topics such as education, technology, environment, and society. Candidates should be well-versed in these words and their meanings to perform well in the examination. Some of the key vocabulary words on the list include:1. Education: curriculum, syllabus, examination, academic, plagiarism, graduation, dissertation, thesis2. Technology: innovation, artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual reality, digitalization, automation, software, hardware3. Environment: pollution, climate change, deforestation, sustainability, renewable energy, global warming, ecological footprint, conservation4. Society: community, diversity, equality, justice, democracy, human rights, social responsibility, globalizationCandidates are advised to study and familiarize themselves with these vocabulary words to enhance their understanding and performance in the English II paper of the 2024 Anhui self-taught examination. It is essential for candidates to practice using these words in sentences to improve their proficiency and fluency in English.In addition to the vocabulary list, candidates should also focus on improving their grammar and comprehension skills for the examination. Practicing reading comprehension passages, writing essays, and answering comprehension questions will help candidates develop their English language skills and perform well in the examination.Overall, the 2024 Anhui self-taught examination is a challenging assessment that requires candidates to have a strong command of the English language. By studying the vocabulary list, practicing grammar and comprehension skills, and honing their English language abilities, candidates canincrease their chances of success in the examination and achieve their academic or career goals.。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版语言学术语（英-汉对照）表applied linguistics 应用语言学blending 混成法A applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语borrowing 借用借词abbreviation 缩写词，略语言学bound morpheme 粘着语素ablative 夺格，离格appropriacy 适宜性bounding theory 管辖论accent 重音（符）appropriateness 适宜性得体性bracketing 括号法accusative 宾格approximant 无摩擦延续音brevity maxim 简洁准则achievement test 成绩测试aptitude test 素质测试bridging 架接acoustic phonetics 声学语音学Arabic 阿拉伯语broad transcription 宽式音标acquisition 习得arbitrariness 任意性broadening 词义扩大acronym 缩略语argument 中项中词主目Brown corpus 布朗语料库action process 动作过程article 冠词 Cactor 动作者articulation 发音calculability 可计算性address form 称呼形式articulator 发音器官calque 仿造仿造词语addressee 受话人articulatory phonetics 发音语音学cancellability 可删除addresser 发话人artificial speech 人工言语cardinal numeral 基数adjective 形容词aspect 体cardinal vowel 基本元音adjunct 修饰成分附加语aspirated 吐气送气case 格adverb 副词assimilation 同化case grammar 格语法affix 词缀associative 联想case theory 格理论affixation 词缀附加法associative meaning 联想意义category 范畴affricate 塞擦音assonance 准压韵半谐音categorical component 范畴成分agreement 一致关系attributive 属性修饰语定语causative 使役的使投动词airstream 气流auditory phonetics 听觉语音学center 中心词alliteration 头韵authentic input 真实投入central determiner 中心限定词allomorph 词/ 语素变体authorial style 权威风格chain relation 链状关系allophone 音位变体authoring program 编程chain system 链状系统allophonic variation 音位变体autonomy 自主性choice 选择allophony 音位变体现象auxiliary 助词choice system 选择系统alveolar ridge 齿龈auxiliary verb 助动词circumstance 环境因子alveolar 齿龈音 B class 词类ambiguity 歧义babbling stage 婴儿语阶段class shift 词性变换analogical creation 类推造字back-formation 逆构词法clause 小句从句anapest 抑抑扬格base component 基础部分click 吸气音咂音anaphor 前指替代behavioural process 行为过程clipping 截断法anaphoric reference 前指照应behaviourism 行为主义closed class 封闭类animate 有生命的bilabial 双唇音closed syllable 闭音节annotation 注解bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音cluster 音丛antecedent 先行词前在词bilateral opposition 双边对立coarticulation 协同发音anthropological linguistics 人类语bilingualism 双语现象coda 结尾音节符尾学binary division 二分法code 语码信码anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同binary feature 二分特征cognitive psychology 认知心理学//X -^7- 发音binary taxonomy 二分分类学cognitive system 认知系统antonomasia 换称代类名binding 制约coherence 相关关联antonym 反义词binding theory 制约论cohension 衔接antonymy 反义（关系）blade 舌叶舌面前部co-hyponym 同下义词appellative 称谓性blank verse 无韵诗colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义 color word 色彩词 color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际 communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘 comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析 composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性 compound 复合词复合句 comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件 computer literacy 计算机操作能力 computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系) concordance 共现关系 concrete noun 具体名词 concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化 conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分 consonance 辅音韵 consonant 辅音 constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的 constituentcommand 成分指令 constituentproposition 成分命题 constituentstructure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分 construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建 constructivism构建主义 content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度 contentword 实义词 context dependent 语境依赖的 context of situation 情景语境 context 语境 contextualanalyses 语境分析 contextualmeaning 语境意义 contrastiveanalysis 对比分析 control theory控制理论 controlled language 有控制的语言 convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义 conventionality 常规性规约性 conversational implicature 会话含义 conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换 cooperativeprinciple, CP 合作原则 coordinateconstruction 并列结构 coordination 并列 coreferential 互参的 coronal舌面前音 corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文 countable 可数(名词) counterfactual proposition 反事实命题 couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性 Creole 克里澳尔语混和语 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际 cross- linguistic 跨语言的 culturally- specific 文化特异的 curriculum 教学大纲 customizing 定制的 D dactyl 扬抑抑格 Dani language 达尼语 data retrieval, DR 资料检索 database 数据库 dative (case) 与格 dative movement 与格移动 declarative 陈述句 decoding 解码 deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性 definite有定的 degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称 delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称 dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化 derivation 衍生 derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征 determiner限定词 developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体 deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化 diachronic linguistics 历时语言学 diachronic历时的 diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试 dialect方言 dialectology 方言学 digitized sound 数字化语音 dimetre 二音步诗行 diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语 direct speech, DS 直接言语 direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性 discourse 语篇话语 discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析 discourse interpretation 语篇理解 discrete分离的离散的 discrete-point grammar 离散语法 discrete point test 分立性测试 disjunction 分离关系 displacement 移位 dissimilation 异化（作用） distinctive feature区别性特征 distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域 dorsal 舌背音舌中音 dorsum 舌背（音） double comparative 双重比较 drill-and- practice software 操练软件 D- structure D 结构 dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点 duality 二重性 E early Modern English 早期现代英语 economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音 electronic mail 电子邮件 Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法） ellipticalsentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的 emotive 感情的 empirical 经验主义的 empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴 enablingskills 使成技能化 encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度 error analysis 错误分析 EST 科技英语 ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学 etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译 exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的 existent 存在物 existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的 exocentric construction 外向结构 experiential 经验的 experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的 extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsicsources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasold feasibility 可行性 feature特征 feedback 反馈 felicitycondition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性 fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分 finite 有定的有限的 finite state grammar有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学 flap闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性 floppydisk 软盘 focus 焦点中心 folketymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话 foreignlanguage teaching 外语教学 form形式 formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化 formation 形成 formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式 free indirectspeech, FIS 自由间接言语 freeindirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想 free morpheme 自由语素 free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体 free verse自由韵文 French 法语 frequency effect 频率效应 fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦 front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译 function word 功能词 function 功能 functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观 functions of language 语言功能 fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的 G gender difference 性别差异 general linguistics 普通语言学 generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格 genre 体裁语类 German 德语 given (information) 已给信息 global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音 goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配 grammatical analysis 语法分析 grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构 gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成 grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形 grammatical structure 语法结构 grammatical subject 语法主语 grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词 graphitic form 文字形式 Gricean maxim Grice 准则 group 词组 guttural 腭音H half-rhyme 半韵 hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分 headed construction 中心结构 heptameter 七音步诗行 hierarchical structure 等级结构 hierarchical system 等级系统 hierarchy 等级体系 high 高(元音) historical linguistics 历史语言学 holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音 / 形异议词Hopi Hopi 语 horizontal relation链状关系 Horn scale 霍恩阶 humancognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言 humanspeech 人类言语 human translation 人译 hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设 -演绎 I iamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法 ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功台匕能identifying 认同的 idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含 implication 蕴涵含义 implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想 Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive 不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化) inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功台匕能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设 input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功台匕能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分 intensive 强调的增强的 interactional(function) 交互功台匕能interdental 齿间音 interface 界面interference 干扰 interjection 感叹词 interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语 interlingualapproach 语际法 interlocutor 会话者 internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet,IPA 国际音标internet 互联网 interpersonal 人际的 interpersonal function 人际功台匕能interpretation 解释 interrogative sentence 疑问句 intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系 intransitive 不及物的 intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词 invention新创词语 inversion 倒置，倒装 IPA chart 国际音标图 IPS symbol 国际音标符号 irony 讽刺反话 isolated opposition 孤立对立 Italian 意大利语 JJapanese 日语 jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, Otto Johnson & Johnson JohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句 keyword 关键词 knowledge 知识 known information 已知信息 Krashen Kruszewski, Mikolaj Kuno, Susumo L label 标示标记 labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音 language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择 language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材 language learning 语言学习 language maintenance 语言维护 language processing 语言处理 language structure 语言结构 language system 语言系统 language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用 langue 语言(系统) larynx 喉头 lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法 lax vowel 松元音 length 长度音长 letter 字母 level 层，级，平面 Levinson, Stephen lexeme 词位词素 lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical change 词汇变化 lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义 lexical morphology 词汇形态学 lexical studies 词汇研究 lexical word 词汇词 lexicogrammar 词汇语法 lexicon 词汇词典 lexis 词 liaison 连音连续 limerick 打油诗 line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学 linear structure 线形结构 linguistic university 语言普遍性 linguistic behaviour 语言行为 linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学 lip rounding 圆唇化 literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网 locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学 logical structure 逻辑结构 logical subject 逻辑主语 logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派 long vowed 长元音 loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构 main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislaw man-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则 manner of articulation 发音方式 marked标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material （process）物质过程 mathematical principles 数学原理 maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势 meaning shift 转移 meaning 意义 mental （processs）思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义 message 信息metafunction 元功能 metalinguistic元语言的 metaphor 隐喻 metathesis换位（作用） metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律 metrical patterning 韵律格式 microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器 mid 中（元音） mind 思维 minimal attachmenttheory 最少接触理论 minimal pair最小对立体 minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式 mirror maxim 镜像准则 mistake错误 modal subject 语气主语 modalverb 情态动词 modality 情态 modernFrench 现代法语 modification 修饰modifier 修饰语 monomorphemic 单语素的 monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音 monosyllabic 单音节的 Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气 morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误 morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学 morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics morphophonology morpho-syntactical 变化motivation 动因动机 move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量 multilateral opposition 多边对立 multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象 N narratee 被叙述者 narrator 叙述者narrator 'respresentation ofspeech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达 narrator'respresentation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator 'repsresentation ofthought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达 narrator'repsresentation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达 narrow transcription 窄式音标 narrowing狭窄化 nasal 鼻音 nasal cavity 鼻腔 nasal sound 鼻音 nasal stop 鼻塞音 nasal tract 鼻道 nasality 鼻音性 nasalization 鼻音化 Nash, Walter native speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料 near- adult grammar 近成人语法 negation 否定否定结构 negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记 negative transfer 负转移 neogrammarian 新语法学家 network 网络 network computer 网络计算机 neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息 new stylistics 新文体学 node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化 nominative 主格 non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入 non-contrastive analysis非对比性分析 non-conventionality 非规约性 non-detachability 非可分离性 non-linear phonology 非线性音系学 non-linguistic entity 非语言实体 non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音 non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇 non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词 nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示 norm 规范 notation system 标写系统 notion 意念 notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语 noun 名词number system 数字系统 number 数字O object 宾语 object-deletion 宾语省略 objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性 obligatory 强制形态音位学形态音系学 change形态句法mother tongue 母语语本族。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
masterpiece杰作
copyright版权,著作权
deluxe binding精装
flat stitching平装
smyth sewed线装
humanities人文学科
writer作家
book书
volume卷
theatre戏剧(美作:theater)
drama话剧
annotation [ ]n.注解.注释
antecedent [ ]n. (关系代词的)先行词
antithesis [ ]n. 1.对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句
antonomasia [ ]n.代称，称呼替换
antonym [ ]n.反义词,反义现象
aphorism [ ]n.格言.警句.箴言
block language块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking)
borrow(ing)借用.借词
bound clause粘附句
bound morpheme粘着语素
bounding theory界限理论
bracketing括号法
broad transcription宽式音标
command [ ]命令（句）
commissive承诺语
common普通的.共同的（--- core共核）（--- noun普通名词）
comparative [ ] a比较的.比较级的
competence [ ]n.语言能力
complement(ation)补语
complementary互补.相反
basic form基本形式
behaver行为者
behavioural process行为过程
汉语言文学
汉语言文学（Chinese Language and Literature）一、培养目标坚持厚基础、宽口径的原则，努力培养具有深厚的人文素养、坚实的专业知识、开阔的国际视野、较强的创新能力和竞争能力，能够从事地方高等院校、中等职业技术学校、重点中学的教学与管理工作，从事党政机关、企事业单位、文化教育部门、新闻出版，以及相关科研院所机构的管理与研究工作，并积极适应社会发展和社会多方面需要的高素质未来精英人才。
二、培养要求本专业要求学生必须系统牢固地掌握中国语言文学的专业知识，以及与之相关的学科知识。
首先，必须完整系统地修读专业学科基础课程，这是中文学科专业培养的核心教育教学资源。
其次，必须有重点有步骤地修读语言类与文学类的专业方向课程。
这两类课程围绕创新性、复合型人才的培养目标，具有前沿性、创新性、研究性突出的特点。
要求学生在修读的基础上，培育学术创新意识、提高学术研究能力。
学生还应修读若干与中文学科相关的专业课程，参与专业实习与社会实践，不断拓宽眼界。
学生还应认真学习学校通识课程，促进全面发展。
熟练掌握外语和计算机技术，外语应达到国家英语六级或学校学位英语水平。
三、主干学科中国语言文学四、核心课程通识教育课（A类）（任选6学分）：四书精读、《史记》选读、唐诗选读、宋词选读、汉字与中国古代文化、汉语与社会应用、中国文化概论学科基础课（36学分）：古代汉语、汉字学、现代汉语、语言学入门、《诗经》精读、《文选》精读、中国古代文学史概论、中国现代文学史、中国现代文学经典名著、中国当代文学史、外国文学概论、比较文学概论、中国古代文论原典精读、文学概论、民间文学概论、语文教育学五、主要实践性教学环节实践与创新模块修读8学分，包括专业实习或社会调查、毕业论文、社会实践或科研创新等三个环节。
1、专业实习或社会调查为2学分。
通过开展与专业培养内容相关的专业实习或社会调查取得该学分。
2、毕业论文为4学分。
通过论文撰写和答辩取得该学分。
汉语言文学专业英语学习术语
Preface寒假里我接受了下学期讲授汉语言文学专业英语这样一个任务，于是便开始了这方面的准备工作。
首先是落实教材，经过多种渠道查阅，到目前为止新闻学、经济学、法学等很多专业都已经有了自己的专业英语教材，而汉语言文学专业还不曾出现一本这样的的英语教材，因此必须自己动手来编选一本这样的教材。
汉语言文学专业英语为何物？在此之前可以说我们很多人都很模糊，我个人的教育履历也不曾接受过这方面的课程和学习，因此只能根据相关资料以及个人的理解、思考来完成。
首先是专业词汇编选，开始我想把专业词汇按照相关课程分类细化，这样会让学生更明晰，但是真正做起来很难只得放弃，因为课程交叉很紧密，一个单词可能在很多课程中出现。
最后我只好根据专业特点把词汇主要分为两个方面，一是语言学词汇，一是文学词汇，这其实也就囊括了整个汉语言文学专业的课程，这两类词汇以字母顺序排列，以附录形式出现，以供学生查阅、识记。
按照院里要求，完成这项工作其实也就算完成了任务。
但是我总觉得作为一本讲义和一门课程，作为英语学习，仅有这样一本词汇手册是远远不够的，必须有相关的文章作为支撑。
于是我便开始了文章的编选，做这样一件工作很是艰难的，一方面文章很多如何遴选和分类，二是确定的文章网上搜不到只得敲击键盘一个字母一个字母的完成，这些都需要大量的时间。
最后我将文章分为四大类四个单元，即语言学理论、文学理论、中国文学、外国文学。
根据课时和教学实际每类只选两篇代表性文章，借助这些文章一方面学习了英语，更重要的是我试图让学生初步了解自己所学的专业，懂得她的特点和魅力，养成自己对专业的兴趣，为后面的专业学习奠定基础。
由于时间限制，每篇文章所需要的要素只得在讲课中完成。
最后所附的书目一方面表明我所借鉴的资料，另一方面也是提供给学生的学习参考书。
整个寒假的大部分时间都耗在了这样一件工作上，由于没有现成的教材可借鉴，也由于时间的限制，更由于自己一个人孤军奋战和水平所限，呈现在大家眼前的这本姑且称之为教材的文本无疑显得不够成熟和亟待完善，因此需要更多人的批评和指教。
语言学类的英语单词包括哪些
语言学类的英语单词包括哪些语言学类的英语单词包括哪些词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。
下面是店铺整理的语言学类的英语单词包括哪些，欢迎大家分享、语言学类的英语单词包括哪些 11).linguisticsPlease tell me how to learn the subject of linguistics1).n.语言学请告诉我如何学语言学这门课。
2).oral languageUntil now I still can't understand why the oral language has developed like this2).n.口语直到现在我仍不能理解为什么口语会如此发展。
3).idiomYou may feel surprised that almost every idiom has a story behind it3).n.成语，习语你可能对每一个习语背后都有一个故事感到惊奇。
4).dialectThere are many dialects in the movie, so most of us can't understand its content4).n.方言这部电影里有很多方言，所以我们中的的大多数人是理解不了它的内容的。
5).colloquialI want to find a colloquial word instead of a written word5).adj.口语的我想找一个口语用词，而不是书面用词。
6).terminologyI need to know a lot of medical terminologies to write this article6).n.术语写这文章我需要知道许多医学方面的术语。
7).phoneticsTalking of my poor pronunciation,1 can't help regretting thatI couldn't learn phonetics well.7).n.语音学提起我不好的发音，我一直后悔没有把语音学学好。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系) appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning,CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentencestructure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammaticalfunction ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设- 演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度M machine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象narratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representatio n of thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化P palatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolingu istic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralist approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层。
文秘英语广告中文法律专业法语翻译
文秘英语广告中文法律专业法语翻译文秘、英语、广告、中文、法律等专业课程科目名称成法语参考英语专业英语泛读Lecturegénéraleenanglais英语会话Conversationenanglais英语语音Phonétiqueanglaise综合英语Anglaissynthétique英语口语Anglaisoral英语听说Anglaisaudio-visuel基础视听Anglaisaudio-visuel(élémentaire)旅游英语Anglaistouristique英美概况Connaissancesgénéralesdel’AngleterreetdesEtats-Unis 英语语法Grammaireanglaise英语写作Techniqued’écritureenanglais英语阅读Lectureenanglais外贸英语Anglaisducommerceextérieur高级视听Anglaisaudio-visuel(avancé)高级英语Anglaisavancé简明英语语言学Brèvedelalinguistiqueanglaise外报外刊Journauxetrevusétrangers英国文学作品选Oeuvreschoisiesanglo-saxonnes世界政治经济与国际关系Economieetpolitiquemondialesetrelationsinternationales 英语报刊选读LecturechoisiedesjournauxanglaisWTO概论IntroductionàWTO第二外语Deuxièmelangueétrangère高级英语写作Techniqued’écritureenanglais(avancé)教育实习Stagedel’enseignement英译汉Version（外文译成本国文）汉译英Thème（本国文译成外文）英美文学作品选读Oeuvreschoisiesanglo-américaines 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汉语言文学专业选科要求
汉语言文学专业选科要求
汉语言文学专业是文学类专业之一，主要研究汉语言和文学。
在不同高校和地区的要求可能会有所不同，但一般情况下，汉语言文学专业的选科要求包括以下几个方面：
1. 语言基础：汉语言文学专业首先需要掌握扎实的语言基础，包括汉语语音、语法、词汇、阅读理解等方面的知识，因此语文成绩是非常重要的考核指标。
此外，英语也是必修科目，因为英语是重要的第二语言，在学术研究和专业交流中也需要使用。
2. 文学基础：汉语言文学专业需要掌握文学史、文学理论、文学批评等方面的基础知识，因此历史、哲学、政治等文科科目也是必修科目之一。
同时，对于文学作品的解读和创作也需要有一定的文学素养和写作技能。
3. 专业课程：除了语言基础和文学基础，汉语言文学专业还有一些专业课程，如中国古代文学、中国现代文学、文艺理论、写作与修辞、汉语言文字学等，这
些课程是学生在汉语言文学专业中深入学习和研究的重要课程。
4. 实践环节：汉语言文学专业也需要进行一定的实践环节，如实习、论文、科研等，以培养学生的实践能力和研究能力。
在一些高校和地区，还需要学生参加实践性的社会服务和文化活动。
总之，汉语言文学专业的选科要求包括语言基础、文学基础、专业课程和实践环节等方面，需要学生具备扎实的语言能力、文学素养和研究能力。
汉语言文学英文名称
汉语言文学英文名称汉语言文学是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，是中华民族的文化瑰宝。
汉语言文学的英文名称为“Chinese Language and Literature”，其中“Chinese”指代汉语，而“Language and Literature”则分别指代语言和文学。
本文将从汉语言和汉语文学两个方面探讨汉语言文学的英文名称。
一、汉语言汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言之一，也是联合国正式语言之一。
汉语言的英文名称为“Chinese”，不仅指代汉语，还可以指代中国文化、中国人民以及中国的历史和地理等方面。
汉语言的特点是音调、汉字和词义丰富。
1. 音调汉语言有四个声调，即平声、上声、去声和入声。
不同的声调可以改变一个字的意思，如“ma”可以是“妈”、“麻”、“马”或“骂”的意思，具有很强的表现力和感染力。
2. 汉字汉字是汉语言的文字表现形式，是一种图形文字。
汉字的特点是笔画独特、结构复杂、形象生动、意义丰富。
汉字的字形和结构反映了中国的文化传统和历史文化。
3. 词义丰富汉语言的词义非常丰富，一个汉字可以有多种不同的意思，一个词语也可以有多种不同的解释。
这种特点使得汉语言能够表达更为精确、细致、生动的意思。
二、汉语文学汉语文学是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，是中国文化的瑰宝。
汉语文学的英文名称为“Chinese Literature”，包括中国古代文学和现代文学两个方面。
1. 中国古代文学中国古代文学是指从先秦时期到清朝末期的文学作品，包括诗歌、散文、小说、戏曲等。
中国古代文学的特点是思想深邃、语言优美、意境深远、艺术性强。
2. 中国现代文学中国现代文学是指20世纪以来的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧等。
中国现代文学的特点是思想开放、表现现实、语言简洁、艺术性强。
三、总结汉语言文学是中国文化的瑰宝，其英文名称为“Chinese Language and Literature”。
汉语言的特点是音调、汉字和词义丰富，而汉语文学则包括中国古代文学和现代文学两个方面，具有思想深邃、语言优美、意境深远、艺术性强等特点。
中文汉语言文学专业法语词汇
古代⽂学名著导读 Introduction aux oeuvres réputées antiques现当代名著导读 Introduction aux oeuvres réputées comtenporaines现代汉语 Chinois moderne语⾔学概论 Traité de linguistique古代汉语 Chinois antique古典⽂学史 Histoire de la littérature classique中国⽂化概论 Traité de la culture chinoise诸⼦百家 Différantes écoles de la pensée de l’époque pré-Qin合唱指挥 Commande de chant choral现代⽂学 Lettres modernes影视批评 Critiques sinématographiques et télévisés欧洲哲学史 Histoire de la philosophie européenne声乐 Musique vocale逻辑学 Logique当代⽂学 Littérature comtenporaine外国⽂学 Littérature étrangère世界现代化进程 Prosessus de la modernisation mondiale⼯具书使⽤法 Utilisation des ouvrages de référence治学⽅法论 Méthodologie d’études应⽤写作学 Technique d’écriture pratiquée电影艺术概论 Traité de l’art cinématographique中国现代戏剧 Opéra moderne chinois美学原理 Principe de l’esthétique《⽂⼼雕龙》研究 Recherche sur l’Esprit littéraire et la gravure de dragons电视剧概论 Traité du feuilleton télévisé欧洲电影 Films européens秘书实务操作 Opération de pratique secrétaire戏剧艺术 Art dramatique物理学史 Histoire du physique古代⽂献学 Docummentation antique俄苏作家与中国 Ecrivains russes et chinois天⽂学史 Histoire de l’astronomie中外声乐精品赏析 Appréciation des oeuvres musicales chinoises et étrangères 歌曲欣赏与写作 Appréciation et création des chansons合唱与指挥 Chant choral et commande交响乐演奏 Interprétation symphonique外国戏剧 Opéra étranger声乐提⾼ Amélioration de musique vocale基础课 Tronc commun / unité fondamentale必修课 cours obligatoires专业课 cours spécialisés选修课 cours à option⾼中⽣ Lycéen,ne⼤⼀学⽣ Bac+1电⼤ l’Université de Téle-enseignement du 加“省份”名称夜校 Enseignement au soir函授 Enseignement correspondant成⼈教育 Formation continue⾃考 autoditacte。
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汉语言文学专业词汇（英文版）FELIX2015-01-07 16:31:09文学思潮：Literature current of thought文学革命：Literature revolution古典文学：Classic literature维新运动：Reformist movement启蒙运动：Enlighten the sport价值领域：worth a realm外国文学：Foreign literature知识分子：Educated person浪漫主义：Romanticism唯美主义：Aestheticism百科全书：Cyclopeadia文艺复兴：Revival of learing发音器官：Speech organs功能名词：Function noun专有名词：Proper noun普通名词：Commen noun集合名词：Collective noun抽象名词：Abstract noun复合谓语：Compound predicate楔形文字：Arrowheaded character语法范畴：Grammatical category汉藏语系：Sino-Tibetan上层建筑：Superstructure意识形态：Ideology现代文学：Contemporary literature大众文学：Popular literature报告文学：Reportage批判主义：Criticism伊索寓言：Aesop`s Fables希腊文化：Hellenism形而上学：Metaphysis孔子学说：Confucian喜怒哀乐：Pleasure Anger Sorrow Joy发源地：Source爱美剧：Amateur修辞学：Rhetoric语音学：Phonetic助动词：Auxiliary verb感叹词：Interjection连接词：Link word逻辑词：Logical word里程碑：Milestone拉丁语：Latin田园诗：Idyl无名氏：Annymous person真善美：Truth Goodness Beauty英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节Appendix 1 A Glossary of Linguistic TermsAabbreviation []n. 缩写.缩写词.略语ablative []n.夺格a.夺格的absolute []a.独立的.独立成分absolute clause 独立从句abstract nouns 抽象名词accent []n.口音.重音.(诗歌中词或音节的)重读accidence []n.1.词形变化.字形变化2. (学科的)初步.入门accommodation []n.调适.接纳accusative []a.直接宾格的n.直接宾格(受格)acoustic []a.听觉的.音响的.声学的（---feature/cue声学特征）acquisition []n.获得.习得acronym []n.首字母缩略字.缩略词active []n.主动语态actor []n.动作者.行动者（actor—action—goal）addition []n. 加.附加.添加address []n. 称呼(forms/terms of address 称呼语)addressee []n. 受话人，收信人，收件人addresser []n. 发话人，发言人，发信人.adjacency pair 相邻语对adjective []n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct []n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal []a.（定语）修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb []n. 副词；状语adverbial []a. 副词的,作副词用的adversative []a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语) affirmative []n.肯定词.肯定语affix []n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affix hopping 词缀跳跃) affixation[]n. 附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate []n.塞擦音agent (agentive) 施事agreement []n. (人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream []n.气流alliteration []n.头韵(法)allomorph []n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone []n.同位音.音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体alveolar []n. 齿龈音，齿槽音.alveolar ridge 齿龈ambiguity []n.含混，歧义ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon []n.改变说法.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis []n.反复法.顶真analogical []a.类似的.类推的analogical creation 类推造字anapaest []n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora []n. 复指.首语(句)重复法annotation []n. 注解.注释antecedent []n. (关系代词的)先行词antithesis []n. 1. 对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia []n. 代称，称呼替换antonym []n. 反义词,反义现象aphorism []n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis []n.话语中断，说话中断法apostrophe []n. 1.呼语2.撇号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative []a.1.名称的2.通称的n.通称名词.普通名词apposition []n. 1.同位语2.并置appropriateness []n. 得体.适合.适当.相称arbitrariness []n. 任意性archaism []n.古体，拟古，古语argot []n.行语，暗语，黑话article []n.冠词articulation []n. (清楚的)发音.发出的(辅)音.发音动作articulator []n. 1.发音清楚的人或物2.发音器官articulatory []a.发音清晰的.与发音有关的aside 旁白，私语，离题话aspect []n. (动词的) 体. 时态. 时间aspirated []a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation []n.同化aureate []a.绚丽的（-- diction,绚丽辞令– style绚丽体）assonance []n. 1. 谐音2. (诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive []a. 1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary []a. 辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bback-formation 逆构词法base form 基础形式base component 基础部分basic form 基本形式behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial []a.双唇音的n. 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral []a.双边的.双边音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism [] n.双语现象binary []a. 二元的.由二部分构成的(-- feature 二分特征) binomial []a. 二项式的n.二项式blade []n.舌叶.舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗bleaching []n.词义淡化blending []n.混合.混成法.裁切block language 块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking) borrow(ing) 借用.借词bound clause粘附句bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 界限理论bracketing 括号法broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Ccalque []n.语义转借.译借vt.转借(语义).仿造语cardinal[]n基数词cardinal vowel 基本元音category []n范畴(categorical component 范畴成分)causative []a.使役的n.使役动词cavity []n.腔clause 小句.从句click 吸气音.咂音clipping []n.缩略closure []n.关闭.闭塞cluster []辅音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda []n.节尾.韵尾code 语码.信码cognate []n.同源词.同根词.同系语言cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 连贯.相关.关联cohension 衔接collapse [] 叠合collective []n.集合名词colligation []n. 概括.搭连collocation []n.组合.搭配command []命令（句）commissive 承诺语common普通的.共同的（--- core 共核）（--- noun 普通名词）comparative [] a比较的.比较级的competence []n.语言能力complement(ation) 补语complementary互补.相反component 组成部分，成分componential 组成部分的composition 组构compound(ing) 复合；复合词(句)conative []a. 意动的concord []n. 协调.一致（关系）conditional []n.条件句.条件语congruence []n.重合conjugate []vt.列举(动词)的词形变化conjunct []a. 连接副词conjunction []n.连词.连接词connotation []n.含蓄.言外之意【逻】内涵consonant[]n.辅音.辅音字母a.辅音的constative []a. 陈述的.表述的constituent []n.成分.结构成分construction (construct) 构建content (ive) 内容.实义(词)contrast(ive) 对立.对比convention(al) 常规；规约conversation 会话conversationalconversion 类转.变换coordinate /coordination/coordiative 并列copula []n.系词copulative []a.连系的.作系词的n.系词co-referential(ity) 同指coronal []n.舌冠（音）.舌尖音corpus []n. 1.文集.全2..躯体(尤指尸体) 3.语料语料库.素材corpora[] (corpus的复数)correlative []a.相关的n.关联词count [] 可数的，countable/uncontable 可/不可数名词couplet []n. 对句.双韵covert []隐性的Ddactyl []n. (英诗的)扬抑抑格.长短短格dative []a.与格的n.与格.与格语dative movement 与格移动declarative []a. 1. 宣言的.布告的.申报的.陈述的2.陈述的decode []vt. 译解(密码)deductive []a. 推论的.演绎的defeasibility 消除可行性definite []a.1. 明确的.确切的2. 一定的.肯定的3. 限定的deictic []a. 直证的.直指的（deixis）denotation []n. 1. 意义.本义2. 表示3. 名称.符号dental []a. 齿音的n.齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation []n.诱导.来历.起源调查.语言derivational []a.诱导的. 衍生的;引出的determiner []n.限定词deviant []a. 越轨的n.不正常者.变异物.变体deviation 偏离；变异devoice []vt.使(有声之音)变为无声之音devoicing 清音化diachronic []a.历时的diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diacritic []a.有区别的.能区分的.辨别的n.区别发音符号dialect []n. 方言.土话dialectology 方言学diphthong []n.双元音.复合元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech直接言语discourse []n.语段.语篇；话语discrete []a. 1. 分离的.不连接的2.抽象的disjunction []n. 分离.分裂displacement []n.移位.置换.取代dissimilation []n. 1. 异化2.异化作用3.异化distinguish []vt.区别.识别把...区别分类distinguisher 辩义成分domain []n. 领域.范围dorsal []a.背部的.背侧的舌背音.舌中音dorsum []n.背.背状部分.舌面(舌尖以后之部分)dual []n. 1. 双数2. 双数词dualistic []a. 二元的.二元论的duality 二重性Eejective []a. 喷出的.外射的n.外爆音ellipsis []n.省略.省略部分elliptic(al) []a. 1. 椭圆的2.省略的encode []vt. 1. 把...译成电码(或密码)endocentric []a.向心的.内向的epenthesis []n.增音.插入字母epithet []n. 1. 表示特征的修饰词2. (描述性的)称号equipollent []a.相等的n. 相等物equivalence 相等equivoque []n. 双关语.模棱两可的词句.语义双关euphemism []n.. 婉转说法.委婉(词)语euphony []n. 声音的和谐.谐音.悦耳语音exocentric []a. 外心的exocentric construction 外向结构extensive []引申的；扩展的Ffeasibility []n.可行性.可能性feature []n. 特征.特色felicity []n. 1. 幸福2. (措辞等的)得体.巧妙.恰当的语句feminine []a.阴性的figurative []a. 1. 比喻的.象征的2. (文章等)多比喻的figurative language 比喻性语言；象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段；修辞格finite []a. 1. 有限的2.有穷的3.限定的n. 有限.有限之物flap [] 闪音flexibility []n. 易曲性.适应性.灵活性.弹性fricative []a. 摩擦的n. 摩擦音friction 摩擦function 功能fusion []n.溶合fuzzy []a. 1. 有绒毛的2. 模糊不清的Ggender []n. 1.【语】性2.性别gender difference 性别差异generalization []n. 普遍化.概括.综合.归纳generative []a.生殖的.有生产力的generative grammar 生成语法genitive []a.属格的n.属格global []a. 1. 球状的2. 全世界的3. 总体的global task 整体任务glottal []a. 1.声门的2. 用声门发声的.喉音glottal stop 喉塞音gradable []a. (形容词)有比较级和最高级的grammar []n. 语法grammatical []a. 语法的group []n.群.组.类词组guttural []a.喉咙的.喉音的n. 喉音.喉音字腭音Hhead []n.中心词；中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter []n.七音步a. 七音步的hierarchical []a.等级制度的.等级体系的hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy []n.等级制度.统治集团.级系.阶系holophrastic []a.表句词的.单词句的holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym []n.同音异义字.同形同音异义字.同形异义字homophony []n. 同音异义hyperbole []n. 1.修辞的夸张法2.夸张的语句hypercorrection []n.矫枉过正hyponym []n.下位的名称.下义词hypothesis []n.假说. 前提.假设Iiamb []n.抑扬格.短长格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行idiom []n1. 惯用语.成语.习惯语2. 方言.土话.(个人特有)用语ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary []a.发语词内的.语内表现行为的illocutionary act 话中行为；施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用；施为作用immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative []a.祈使法的.祈使语气.命令的implicate []vt.意味着.暗指n. 包含的事物.暗含的论断implication 蕴涵；含义implosive []a.闭塞音的n.内爆发音inanimate []a.无生命的indefinite []a.不定的.未定的indicative []a.陈述的n.陈述语气.陈述语气的动词形式inference []n. 推论.推断[inferential []a. 推理的.推论的infinitive []n.不定式a.不定式的infix []n. 插入词.中缀inflection []n. 1. 变音.转调2. 弯曲.向内弯曲innateness []n. 天生.天赋intensifier []n. 1. 增强器.增强剂2. 加强者3.强调成分intensive []a. 加强的.密集的.加强语意的n.强调成分interdental []a. 在牙齿间的2.齿间音的n.齿间音interface []n. 界面.分界面interjection []n. 感叹词.感叹语interlanguage []n. 国际语言Interlingua []n.人工国际语之一interlocutor []n. 对话者internal []a. 内的.内部的international phonetic alphabet. IPA 国际音标interpersonal []a. 人与人之间的interpersonal function 人际功能interrogative []a. 疑问的.质问的n.疑问词intonation []n. 语调.声调intransitive []a.不及物的n.不及物动词intrinsic []a.本身的.本质的.固有的.内在的invariable []a. 不变的.恒定的.一律的inversion []n.反向.倒置.倒转2.倒装法IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号J K Ljargon []n.黑话；行语kernel []n.核心.要点keyword关键词label []n. 标记.符号. 称号.绰号labial []a. 唇的.唇音的n. 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language []n.语言larynx []n.喉lateral []a.旁流音的.侧音的lateral sounds侧音lax []a. (元音)松弛的n.松弛的元音lax vowel 松元音letter []n字母level []n. 层，级，平面lexeme []n. 词汇.语汇单位.词位；词素lexical []a. 1. 词汇的.语词的2. 词典的.词典编纂的lexicon []n. 1. 词典2. 语汇3. 词素lexis []n. (某一语言的)词语(层)liaison [] 连音linear []a. 线的.直线的linguistic []a.. 语言的.语言学的lip rounding 圆唇化literal []a. 照字面的.原义的loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词Mmacro []a. 1. 巨大的.大量的2. 宏观的.main clause 主句manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine []a. 1. 男性的.男子的2阳性的maxim []n. 格言.箴言.座右铭manner maxim 方式准则meaning 意义meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移mental (processs) 思维过程；心理过程mentalism []n.心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis []n. 1.音位转换2.交换反应.置换metonymy []n.转喻metre []n.格律.韵律.拍子metrical patterning 韵律格式9.3.3mind 思维minimal []a.最小的.极微的n.极简抽象派艺术(或其作品)mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal []a. 1.形态上的.形式的2.语气的.情态的3.典型的modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality []n. 1. 形式.情态程序3.物理疗法4. 主要的感觉modification []n.修饰.变异modifier []n.1. 修改者2. 修饰词语3.修饰基因4.改性剂monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的mood 语气morpheme []n.语素.词素(语言中最小的字义单位)morphemic []a.词素的.语素的morphological []a.形态学的.形态的morphology []n.形态学morphophonemics []n词素音位结构2. 词素音位学mother tongue 母语；本族语motivation 动因；动机multilingualism 多语制；多语现象Nnasal []a.1. 鼻的2. 鼻音的n.. 鼻音.鼻音字母nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化negation []n. 1. 否定2. 反对.反驳3. 不存在4. 对立面negative []a.否定的.否认的. 反面的.消极的n.否定语negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neutralize []vt. 1. 使无效.抵消2. 使中立化neutralizable opposition 可中立对立node []n. 1. 结.节2. 中心点.交叉点nominal []a.名词性的n. 名词性的词nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative []a.主格的n.主格.主格词non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞octametre 八音步诗行onomatopoeia []n. 1.拟声.象声词2.拟声法onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography []n.1. 正字法.拼字法2. (几何)正射影(法) ostensive communication 直示交际overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalate []n. 1.上颚2. 味觉3. 趣味.嗜好palatal []a.上颚(音)的.颚(音)的n. 上颚音.颚音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization []n.腭音化paradigm []n.1.范例2. (名词或动词)词形变化(表) paradigmatic []a.1.范例的2.词形变化(表)的paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase []n. 1. 释义.意译.改述vt. vi.. 释义.意译participant 参与者particle []n.虚词(包括某些副词.冠词.介词.连词等).字首.字尾partitive []a. 1. 区分的2.表示部分的n.表示部分的词passive []n.被动语态被动态的动词pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual []a.感知的.知觉的perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performative (verb) 行事性动词person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal []a.1.咽部的2.喉音的n.喉音pharynx []n.咽头phatic []a. 交流感情的.应酬的phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈；phoneme []n.音素.音位phonetic []a. 1.语音的.语音学的2. 语音差异的phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics []n. (用作单)语音学phonologic []a.音位学的.语音体系的phonological process 音位过程phonology []n. 音位学.语音体系phrase []n. 短语.词组pidgin []n.1. (并用两种或多种语言的)混杂语.洋泾浜语2.事儿plosion []n】爆破发音.爆破plosive []n.a.破裂音(的)plural []a.复数的pluralism []n.1.兼职.兼任2.多重性.多元论plurality []n.1. 复数.多数.多重性2.复数(形式) polysyllabic []a. 多音节的Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive []a.1.拥有的.占有的2.所属关系的.所有格的postdeterminer 后限定词pragmatic []a.1. 实际的.实干的2. 实用主义的pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate []n..谓语.述部a.谓语的.述部的prefix []n.字首.前缀(人名前的)称谓premodifier 前修饰语preposition []n.1.介词.前置词prepositional []a.. 介词的.前置词的prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive []a. 规定的.因时效而获得的presupposition []n.预想.假定.前提primary []a. 首要的.主要的priva principle []n. 原则.原理process 过程pro-form 代词形式；替代形式pronominal []a. 代词的pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典proposition 命题prosodic []a. 作诗法的.韵律学的psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法pulmonic []a. 肺病的pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话Qquality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantity 数量quantity maxim 数量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quatrain []n. 四行诗quirk []n.1. 突然的转变2. 字的花体3. 怪癖4. 借口Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义realisation 体现received pronunciation. RP 标准发音receiver 受话者；信息接受者recency effectrecognition 识别recursion []n.【数】递回.递回式.循环.可溯recursive []a.】递归的.可溯的；还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential []a.1 指示的所指的reflexive []n..反身动词.反身代词a.反身的regional dialect 地域方言register []n.语域regressive []a.1.后退的.逆行的.退化的2. 回归的relative clause 关系分句.关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复residue []n.残余.剩余.剩余成分restricted []a. 受限制的.被限定的restricted language 限制性语言retrieval []n.1. 取回.恢复2. 纠正.补偿检索retroflex []a.1. 反折的.后翻的2. 卷舌(音)的n. 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨rhyme 韵；韵角；压韵rhythm 韵律；节奏role 角色root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit []n. 梵文.梵语a. 梵文的.梵语的Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema []n.1. 轮廓.概要.略图2.先验图式3.图式second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment []n.语流中的一个音素(或单个音)selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic []a.. 语义的.语义学的semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic []a.1.符号学的2.症状的semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant []a.1.丝丝作响的2.发丝音的n.1.丝丝音2.发丝音辅音sign 符号signified 所指.受指signifier 能指.施指simile []n. (修辞)直喻.明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数slot 空缺soft palate 软腭sonnet 十四行诗sonorant []n..响音sonority []n.1. 响亮2. (声音的)响亮程度sound 语音Spanish 西班牙语Speaker 说话者speech 言语spelling 拼写.拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language 口语spondee []n.扬扬格spoonerism []n.斯本内现象(即字音的无意互换现象) Standard English 标准英语standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stratification []n.成层.阶层的形成stress 重音structure 结构stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjectivity 主观性subjunctive []a.虚拟的n.虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征syllabic []a.1. 音节的.构成音节的n.音节主音syllabification []n.1. (语音)分音节2. 分音节法syllable []n. 音节syllabus []n. 教学大纲.课程大纲2.要目syllogism []n.1.三段论.演绎推理2.推断3.诡辩.狡辩symbol 符号synchronic []a. 同时的.共时的synonym []n. 同义字.类义字(分类学中的)同物异名synonymous []a. 同义的.同义词性质的synonymy []n. 同义.同义词研究syntax []n.语法.句法2. (组成部分的)有条理(或系统)的排列syntactic []a. 按照句法的.句法的Ttacit []a1. 缄默的.不说话的2. 不明言的.默示的tacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme []n.法位.序位tagmemics 法位学tautology []n. 同义反复.重复.赘述template []n. 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态tetrameter []n. 四音步诗行text 语篇textual 语篇功能theme []n. 1.论题.话题.题目2.主题.主题思想.题材3.词干.主位tone 声调.音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论transcription []n. 1.抄写.誊写2.副本音标.标音transfer 移转transformation 转换transitivity []n.动词的及物性trill []n.颤音trochee []n.扬抑格.长短格trope []n.转义.比喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学utterance []n.1.发声.表达2.说话方式.语调3言辞.言论.话语utterance meaning 语句意义uvula []n. 悬雍垂.小舌uvular []a.小舌的.小舌音的Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体；语体velar []a.1膜的2.软颚音的n. 软颚音velarization 腭音化velum []n.1.软颚2.菌膜.缘膜verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage []n.1. 废话.冗词2. 用语.措词vernacular []n.本国语.本地话.方言.行话.日常用语.白话vernacular language education 本地化教育vocabulary 词汇vocal []a.声的.声音的.元音的.浊音的n.元音.浊音vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative []a. 称呼的.呼格的n.呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless(sound) 清音voicing 浊音化，有声化vowel []n. 1.元音2. 元音字母vowel glide 元音音渡WWh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域.word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording []n. 措辞.用语written language 书面语written text 篇章XY ZYes--no interrogative 是非问句yes--no question 是非问句zero 零.零形式zeugma []n. 轭式搭配，轭式修饰法..。