高级英语(1)修辞格汇总(DOC)

一．词语修辞格

(1) simile 明喻

它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物

I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖

②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.

③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake.

④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…

⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.

（2）metaphor 暗喻

暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。

①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,…

②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America

③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart

④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.

⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）.

⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,

until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）.

（3）metonymy 借代，转喻

用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。

The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq.

He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。

He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。

以部分指代整体

1.We are lack of hands. （hands 指代人手，劳动力）

2.The case had erupted round my head. （head指代整个人）

3.Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of(代替)

old-fashioned oak and hinges ...

4.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's （purse指代金

钱）

（5）personification 拟人

把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。

①The young moon lies on her back…

②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit（阳光照射的）courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully（轻蔑的）chewing their hay（干草）…

③...to literature's enduring gratitude...（文学的持续感激）

④The grave world smiles as usual...

⑤Bitterness fed on the man...（痛苦为人类提供食物）