美国文学史复习大纲

一：作家作品

1.Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio(小镇畸人，1919) The Triumph of the Egg(鸡蛋的胜利，1921)

2.John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath(愤怒的葡萄，1939，strong sociological novel,1940年获普利策奖（Pulitzer Prize)),1962年获诺贝尔文学奖①the foremost novelist of the American Depression.美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家。②代表作：

“Of Mice and Men”《人鼠之间》 portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers “The Grapes of Wrath”《愤怒的葡萄》regarded as masterpiece ,showed the migration of the Okies from the Dust Bowls to California ,a migration that ended in broken dreams and misery but at the same time affirmed the ability of the common people to endure and prevail. Theme : strength comes from unity i-we ;faith in life; struggle to live better

2.John Dos Passos: 约翰多斯帕索斯His trilogy U.S.A(美利坚)---The 42nd Parallel(北纬42度，1930), 1919(1932), The Big Money(1936), Three Soldiers。三个士兵。Experimental writing skills(实验性写作技巧)

3.F. Scott Fitzgerald: he began as a spokesman for the jazz age and became its symbol.爵士年代的代言人This Side of Paradise(1920), Tales of the Jazz Age(爵士时代的故事,1922,①作品：“This Side of Paradise”《人间天堂》，the first novel. “The Great Gatsby”《了不起的盖茨比》Jay Gatz Daisy. Tom Buchanan . novel .theme: the hollowness of the upper class; the meaning of the past . desire inevitably invited disappointment, for the gap between actuality and possibility was only rarely bridge in his world. “Tender Is the Night”《夜色温柔》novel ②第二本小说的开展过程：dream梦想→Daisy self-centered 理想化的淑女，自我为中心→disenchantment, disillusion魔法消失，(因阶级差异)梦想破灭→sense of failure and despair (light)失败和绝望Ash 灰(象征) →forest树木，西部开发，树木变成灰了③limited point of view有限视角→suspense悬念+ mystery神秘真实性→reliable可信的，不偏，不评价

4.Ernest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms(1929,救护车司机和一个英国护士之间的悲剧爱情), The Sun Also Rises(1926,反法西斯小说，歌颂兄弟般的友谊), For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940), The Old Man and the Sea(1952),硬汉形象(tough guy image),冰山原则风格(the iceberg principle),生活态度：压力下的风度，失败者的尊严grace under pressure.

5.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury(喧哗与骚动,1929),Benjy:a moaning, speechless idiot.Quentin, Tason.Absalom, Absalom(押沙龙，押沙龙),1950年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature)，意识流(stream of consciousness)、世系小说(Yoknapatawpha country) Light in August, Joe Christmas.

6.Katherine Anne Porter: Ship of Fools(愚人船,1962，讽刺纳粹主义Nazism兴起)

7.Carson McCullers: The Member of the Wedding(1946--1950),人类精神的孤寂

8.Eudora Welty: The Optimist’s Daughter(1972,Pulitzer Prize)

9.A Good is Hard to Find(1955),南方哥特式风格

Ezra Pound: The Cantos(1925),美国现代诗歌之父①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。Pound and Eliot became the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an imaginative instrument. 庞德和爱略特都是运用意象主义作为文学表现手法的早期诗人。②major work of poetry is the long poem called “The Cantos”

11.Robert Frost: New Hampshire(1923)对人类悲剧的恐惧，对复杂人生的态度，对生活负担