美国文学史复习资料

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美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）

History And Anthology of American Literature (V olumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2

PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学

1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。

2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史

3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。

4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.

5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。

美国文学简史复习资料精华版

A Concise History of American Literature

Chapter 1 Colonial Period

I.Jonathan Edwards

1.life

2.works

(1)The Freedom of the Will

(2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended

(3)The Nature of True Virtue

3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism

(1)The spirit of revivalism

(2)Regeneration of man

(3)God’s presence

(4)Puritan idealism

II.Benjamin Franklin

1.works

(1)Poor Richard’s Almanac

(2)Autobiography

2.contribution

(1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American

Philosophical Society.

(2)He was called "the new Prometheus who had stolen fire <electricity

in this case> from heaven〞.

(3)Everything seems to meet in this one man –"Jack of all trades〞.

美国文学期末复习资料(完美版)

Black humor(黑色幽默)：

Black humor refers to the use of the morbid and the absurd in literature for darkly comic purpose. It carries the tone of anger and bitterness in the grotesque situations of suffering, anxiety and death. It makes readers laugh at the blackness of modern life. The representative novel of black humor in American literature is Joseph Heller’ Catch -22. 《第二十二条军规》

Anti-hero （反英雄）:Ant-ihero refers to the chief person in a modern novel or play whose character is widely discrepant from that which we associate with the traditional protagonist or hero of a serious literary work. Instead of manifesting largeness, dignity, power, or heroism, the antihero is petty, ignominious, passive, ineffectual, or dishonest. The use of non-heroic protagonists occurs as early as the picaresque novel （流浪汉小说） of the 16th century, and the heroine of Defoe’s Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》is a thief and a prostitute （妓女）. The term ―antihero‖, however, is usually applied to writings in the period of disillusion after the Second World War. For example, Yossarian in Joseph Heller’s Catch -22.《第二十二条军规》

【精品】美国文学史复习

美国文学史复习

第一部分殖民主义时期的文学（colonialism)

一、时期综述

1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记

2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：

1）their voyage to the new land

2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops

3) About dealing with Indians

4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit

First American writer- captain John Smith

3、清教徒的思想：

1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位

3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝

美国文学史复习资料大全--最全必考考点集结

本页仅作为文档页封面，使用时可以删除

This document is for reference only-rar21year.March

L e c t u r eⅠA B r i e f I n t r o d u c t i o n t o A m e r i c a n

L i t e r a t u r e

features of American writers

Independent, Individualistic, Critical, Innovative, Humorous

I The Literature of Colonial and American Puritanism

The first American writer: Capitan John Smith.

Philip Freneau:( Father of American Poetry)

I I T h e L i t e r a t u r e o f R e a s o n a n d R e v o l u t i o n,E n l i g h t e n m e n t Jonathan Edwards: First modern American and the country’s last medieval man

Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography

Thomas Paine :The American Crisis

Thomas Jefferson (“The Declaration of Independence” first established the identity of American people)

美国文学复习资料

（Realism）

一、Background

1）Mechanization 机器化

2）Urbanization 城市化

3）Industrialization 工业化

4）Federal government(race种族平等进入宪法）标志着马克·吐温的《镀金时代》开始

5）Railway system工业化的一大标志，电力和石油的应用

6) Northern industrialism had triumphed over Southern agrarianism.

二、文化特征：

1）女性发挥作用明显，女性的作者和读者明显增多

2）开始关注Mid class

3）现实主义（realism）-->New York replaced Boston as the nation's literary center. 纽约成为新的文化中心。

一、时期综述：

1、镀金时代：The Gilded Age, an age of excess and extremes, of decline and progress, of poverty and dazzling wealth, of gloom and buoyant hope. 无节制、走极端，倒退和进步、贫困和富有并存，既令人沮丧又让人有希望的时代。

2、Although Americans continued to read the works of Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne,

and Poe, the great age of American romanticism had ended. By the 1870s the New England Renaissance had waned. 新英格兰的文艺复兴已开始接近尾声。

美国文学复习大全

殖民主义时期

John Smith 美国第一位作家

Anne Bradstreet 第一位移民诗人

Edward Taylor 清教徒诗人

文艺复兴时期

Benjamin Franklin 参与了起草独立宣言成名作《Poor Richard’s Almanack》《Autobiography》Thomas Paine 拥护独立宣言成名作《Great Commoner of Mankind》最平凡的人

常识理性时代

美国危机

Thomas Jefferson 起草了独立宣言

Philip Freneau 美国诗歌之父文艺复兴的诗人《the Wild Honey》野金银花

浪漫主义时期

Irving 第一位纯文学作家（belletrist）第一部短篇小说

第一位浪漫主义散文体作家（prose stylist）享有国际声誉

< a History of New York>第一部

诙谐作品

Copper 开创了海上传奇小说和边疆传奇小说

Bryant 第一个获得美国主要诗人的称号最完美的短诗

Poe 现代短故事之父侦探小说之父

第一部短篇小说集

Emerson 超经验主义运动

知识分子独立宣言

Thoreau 成名作

Hawthorne 象征主义作家

Melville

Longfellow 19世纪最受爱戴的诗人< a Psalm of Life>

第一部印第安人史诗歌

唯一被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人

现实主义时期

Whitman 创建了自由体诗歌free verse 美国历史上一部史诗Dickson 该时期最伟大的女诗人< I Died for Beauty>

美国文学复习资料

Chapter 1

1.American literature in the colonial periods (殖民地时期的文学，1607-1765):

①1942 Christopher Columbus(哥伦布) discovery of America

②17th century English began their settlement of the North American continent (北美拓殖开始)

③1606 the frist English settlement James Town, Virginia

④1620 the ship Mayflower arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts

⑤1629 the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony

2.Puritanism(清教主义) and writers, early poetries

1) the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. The doctrines of predestination(宿命), original sin(原罪), total depravity(完全的堕落) and limited atonement(有限的救赎) were all that they believed in.

美国文学史复习知识点

Puritanism

Features of Puritanism

1. Purification of the church

2. Calvinism (John Calvin, 1509-1564, French protestant reformer)

(1). Emphasis of Predestination “预定论”

(2). Total depravity (Original Sin) 彻底的堕落(因原罪而起）

(3). Limited atonement 有限的赎罪

Anne Bradstreet (1612 — 1672)

First famous poet in North America, known as the “Tenth Muse”

最早写出真正有价值的英文诗歌的女诗人

Major works:

the first collection of poems in North America.

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)

《最近在美洲出现的第十位缪斯》

Contemplations

《沉思录》

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790 )

Statesman, essayist, orator, philosopher, ambassador, scientist, inventor, publisher

“master of each and mastered by none”—Herman Melville

美国文学史期末考试复习资料

美国⽂学史期末考试复习资料

Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’)

1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______ was the dominant.

2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named

______.

3.Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?

4.The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the ____ attitude of its author.

5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by _____.

6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.

7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?

美国文学复习资料

（一）．浪漫主义时期

The romantic period covers the first half of the 19th century. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book《见闻札记》and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of grass《草叶集》. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature and it is also called “American Renaissance”. It started from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the civil war.

(二)Nathaniel Hawthorne

With the publication of The Scarlet Letter, he became famous as the greatest writer living then in U.S.(Hester Prynne,Dimmesdale,Chillingworth are all characters in the novel. ) “There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity”——Nathaniel Hawthorne

美国文学复习资料整理打印

美国文学复习资料

1.The literature of colonial American at the beginning of the seventeeth century.美国文学史的

开始17世纪初

2.The first American writer Captain John Smith第一个美国作家约翰。史密斯船长

3.early new England literature, puritan values---hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety.

清教徒价值观——努力工作、节俭、虔诚和节制。

4.John Smith 约翰-史密斯；

作品A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony. 真正的关系等值得注意的事件

和事故所以来发生在弗吉尼亚殖民地第一种植。

A Map Of V irginia with a Description of the Country维吉尼亚州的地图描述

5. William Bradford; ---------of Plymouth plantation

威廉·布拉德福德;- - - - - - -普利茅斯种植园

John Winthrop----------the history of new England

美国文学史复习资料

一、殖民主义时期 The Literature of Colonial America

1．船长约翰•史密斯 Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来

发生的各种事件的真实介绍》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉•布拉德福德 William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．约翰•温思罗普 John Winthrop

《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”

4．罗杰•威廉姆斯 Roger Williams

《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮•布莱德斯特 Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》

美国文学史复习资料

The Colonial Period

1. John Smith: A Description of New England

2. William Bradford: Of Plymouth Plantation

3. John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity

4. Anne Bradstreet

Tenth Muse Contemplations

To My Dear and Loving Husband The Flesh and the Spirit

5. Edward Taylor

Huswifery Upon a Spider Catching a Fly

6. Roger Williams

The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience

7. John Woolman: Journal

8. Thomas Paine

Common Sense The American Crisis The Rights of Man The Age of Reason

9. Philip Freneau

The Rising Glory of America The Wild Honey Suckle The Indian Burying Ground 10. Charles Brockden Brown: An American Tale

American Puritanism: Religious idealism & levelheaded common sense

美国文学史期末考试资料

殖民时期的美国: Colonial America 17c早——18c末

1. 从英国探险者和殖民者在新大陆的作品开始，描述他们在新大陆真实而精力充沛的冒险。

2. 另一类为清教作品

Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺：第一位美国抒情诗人兼记者“Father of American Poetry”(美国诗歌之父)

Puritanism: 清教主义

American Puritanism influences on American literature:

1. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义

2. Symbolism 象征主义

3. Simplicity. 简洁

1.Edwards爱德华兹：the first modern American can the country’s last medieval man.

“the current of Transcendentalism, originating in the piety of the Puritans, vecoming a philosophy in Jonathan Ed wards, passing through Emerson.”

超验论由清教徒的虔诚演变而来在乔纳森·爱德华兹的哲理得到发展继而传给爱默生

4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William

他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America.

美国文学史复习资料

美国文学史复习（colonialism)

第一部分殖民主义时期的文学

殖民时期的美国: Colonial America 17c早——18c末

1. 从英国探险者和殖民者在新大陆的作品开始，描述他们在新大陆真实而精力充沛的冒险。

2. 另一类为清教作品

Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺：第一位美国抒情诗人兼记者“Father of American Poetry”(美国诗歌之父)

Puritanism: 清教主义

American Puritanism influences on American literature:

1. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义

2. Symbolism 象征主义

3. Simplicity. 简洁

一、时期综述

1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记

2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：

1）their voyage to the new land

2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops

3) About dealing with Indians

4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit

3、清教徒的思想：