英语范文背诵20篇10 Types of Speech精品学案
10分钟英语说课稿范文
10分钟英语说课稿范文10分钟英语说课稿范文8篇在说课稿中，教师还需要详细说明对学生学习成果的评价方式和标准，以及针对学生不同能力层次进行个性化教学的策略和措施。
通过合理的教学设计和有趣的案例分析等，提高课堂教学的吸引力和教学效果。
现在随着小编一起往下看看10分钟英语说课稿范文，希望你喜欢。
10分钟英语说课稿范文【篇1】一、英语说课讲稿的要素及撰写方法与其他学科一样，英语说课讲稿也包括五个要素：说教材、说教法、说学法、说教学程序、说板书设计。
（一）说教材说教材要对教材所在的知识系统做简要分析，通过分析某课教学内容在整个教材体系中的作用，以及本课教学内容与学生先前掌握的知识和将要学习的知识的联系，说明教材的地位和作用；通过对课程标准关于教学的具体要求的概括分析，说明本课教学目标的确立及其依据；通过对英汉两种语言差异和学生的知识水平的简要分析，确定并说明重点、难点和关键点的确立及其依据。
1、说教材的地位和作用。
说教材的地位和作用，应简要分析本课内容在单元整体教学中和整个教材体系中甚至在素质教育英语教学中的重要地位。
2、说教学目标的确立及其依据。
教学目标的确立首先要根据单元教学的目的和要求（对语音、词汇、日常交际用语、语法等方面的不同程度的要求），结合学生的实际水平，确定贯穿单元教学的总目标（goal）。
总目标可以是相当概括的。
因此，总目标往往以单元教学目标的形式出现，一节课的教学目标（objective）则应落实到与本课教学内容相关的具体语言知识或某项技能上，即：通过本节课的教学，重点解决什么问题（知识和能力），达到什么样的要求。
为了贯彻“寓思想教育于语言教学之中"的教学原则，教师还要深入挖掘教材的德育因素，从而确定德育（情感情意）目标。
教学目标的表述要准确、具体、简洁、全面，要明确写出本节课的知识目标、能力目标和德育目标，即说明通过一定的教学活动后，学生的知识、能力或情感的变化，并说明做如此要求的理论依据何在。
各类演讲(Types of Speech)【精选】
各类演讲(Types of Speech)各类演讲standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. as such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority.colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. both colloquial usage and slang are more mon in speech than in writing.colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. in some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories.every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. it has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. first, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard” “colloquial” and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. most speakers of english will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.。
10 types of figure of speech
10 types of figure of speech1. SimileIt is a specific comparison made by means words such as "like" or "as" between two kinds of objects. "Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope", an example of simile.2. MetaphorIt uses a word or phrase denoting one kind of idea in place of other word or phrase in order to suggest a likeness between the two.3. AnticlimaxIt involves a series of ideas that suddenly diminish in importance at the end of a sentence or passage. It is used to bring satirical effect.4. AntithesisIt is a juxtaposition of two words, phrases, clauses, or sentences contrasted in meaning to offer emphasis to contrasting ideas. "To err is human, to forgive divine", is a fine example of antithesis.5. ClimaxIt is an arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences in the order of their significance. The least powerful comes first and the others. "It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; it is a crime to scourge him; it is almost parricide to kill him; but to crucify him-what shall I say of this?" This particular example rightly tells what climax means.6. ConceitIt is an elaborate and often extravagant metaphor. It makes an analogy between totally dissimilar things. The term originally means concept or idea. Conceits were widely used in the 17th-century metaphysical poetry. In "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning", John Donne uses it where the image of the joined arms of a pair of compasses is used to demonstrate the attachment of a pair of lovers; even when one makes s move, the two are attached closely being one.7. EuphemismIt involves substitution of an inoffensive term or phrase for one that has coarse or sordid unpleasant associations, for instance in the use of words like "toilet" for "lavatory", and "pass away" for "die".8. HyperboleIt is a form of inordinate exaggeration. It means a person or thing is portrayed as being better or worse than the actual one. For example, "Dr. Jonathan drank his tea in oceans".9. IronyIt is humorous or lightly sarcastic mode of speech. Words are used here to convey a meaning contrary to their literal meaning.10. PersonificationIt involves representation of inanimate or abstract ideas as living beings. The sentence, "Necessity is the mother of invention" can help you make out this idea better.。
10分钟试讲教案模板英语(7篇)
10分钟试讲教案模板英语(7篇)为大家整理的10分钟试讲教案模板英语，如果大家喜欢可以分享给身边的朋友。
10分钟试讲教案模板英语（精选篇1）教学目标：(1)There are lots of bicycles in China.(2)There is a famous river教材分析：这一模块分为两个单元，第一单元主要教学生怎样谈论一个地方，例如一个景点，一个城市等等。
学会用数字表达长度和人口数量等。
教学重点：(1)There are lots of bicycles in China.(2)There is a famous river.教学难点：用“There is/ There are”介绍事物学情分析：学生对本模块较熟悉，经过本节课，让学生通过卡片、图片的提示来进行口笔头操练教学准备：课件、录音机、磁带教学过程：一、游戏热身随音乐传递物品，音乐停该同学用there be句型说句子二、导入让学生先观察图片，猜猜都是中国的什么地三、课文教学1、播放录音，让学生给所听到的录音图片排序。
2、接着让学生跟读3、试着让学生用自己的语言描述图片上的内容。
4、现在可以变换练习方式。
请学生两人一组.向对方介绍六张明信片中自己最喜欢的一张。
如果有必要，可以再放一遍录音，请学生逐句跟读，并试着抓住每张明信片最主要的特征.然后再向同伴讲述。
鼓励学生根据图片进行更多描述，或是把自己对该事物的了解添加到描述中去。
5、重音的学习：请学生听SB unit 2活动3的录音，之后让学生试着跟读一遍。
要求他们注意重读的地方。
请学生把书翻到SB unit 2活动3，仔细看书上的.句子以及每句话中用黑体标出的地方，比较一下自己刚才跟读时重读的位置与书上的标注是否一致。
老师再放录音，学生边听边看书，认真体会。
四、应用现在学生衣服上的图案很丰富。
教师可让一个学生站在黑板前，让其他学生用“There胡屯镇联合校集备活页五、学习歌曲完成SB unit 2活动4，请学生欣赏并学习一首歌曲。
Types of Speech英语作文.doc
Types of Speech英语作文【英语作文】standard usage includes those words and epressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. as such, these words and epressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. almost all idiomatic epressions are colloquial language. slang, however, refers to words and epressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. colloquial epressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang epressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. in some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. it has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slangepressions. first, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang eist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang epressions. most speakers of english will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of epressions.。
新教材高中英语UNIT5POEMSSectionⅠReadingandThinking学案
UNIT 5 POEMS单元目标主题学习目标通过本单元学习了解诗歌的不同形式和内容, 了解韵律和节奏, 培养对诗歌的兴趣。
语言能力目标核心单词drama, sorow, literary, rhyme, folk, diamond, recite, amateur, mod,format, respective, delicate, comprehension, shelf, core, blank,civilian,sympathy, version, inocent, era, corespond, sow, sed, deadline,contest, polish, string, complicated, variation, racial, prejudice 重点词块nurseryrhyme, bemadeupof单元语法复习定语从句写作能力根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的与诗歌有关的应用文。
背景导学Anyone can write a baby poem, and everyone enjoys reading it, the young and the old. Baby shower(送礼聚会) poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don’t have to. Poems can be either long or short, but short poems are probably best for your typical baby shower needs. You can add a little humor as well!The people who are most often touched by baby shower poems are those who have had children themselves. Sweet poems can remind them of the time when their little ones were still young. No one will appreciate them more than the family members themselves. If you are a creative writer or have a special talent for putting words together in a special way, then you should try writing your own baby shower poems. This would make a great gift as well.If you decide to write your own baby poems, even common things can inspire you. Inspiration can be found anywhere. Look back on your own memories from the past. What was special about your childhood? What special objects have you treasured overthe years? What words of wisdom (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation? Look around the house and imagine a baby being there. What do you see, hear, or feel? Let those thoughts be the sources of your best baby poems.When writing a baby poem, you do not have to write like Shakespeare, and you just have to be sincere. When the baby grows up, you can think of how special they will feel knowing the words are just for them.If you are not the creative type-don’t worry! There are lots of places online where you can look for poems saying just the things you want to say. Poems have been written on all subjects throughout the ages, and baby shower poems are no exception. A quick search online doesn’t have to take any time at all.1.In the author’s opinion, baby shower poems .A.all have a little humor in themB.are not suitable for adults to enjoyC.don’t have to have rhythm or rhymeD.must be short enough to meet babies’ needs答案： C2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.Advice from famous poets on writing poems.B.Words that can be used in baby poems.C.Different ways of writing baby poems.D.Inspiration for writing baby poems.答案： D3.According to Paragraph 4, a baby poem should sound .A.encouragingB.sincereC.beautifulD.interesting答案： BSection Ⅰ Reading and Thinking自主学习·激发潜能Ⅰ. 课文翻译教材原文A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. AHush, little baby, don’t say a word,Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird won’t sing,教材译文英文诗歌的几种简单形式人们写诗的原因多种多样。
英语演讲 Unit 10 Speaking on Special Occasions
Tribute
To create in those who hear it a sense of appreciation for the traits or accomplishments of the particular person or group. If you make the audience realize their essential worth, you have succeeded. However, you should go beyond this. By honoring the person, you may arouse deeper devotion to the cause or vales the person or group represented.
Unit 10 Speaking on Special Occasions
Nomination
Alternatively, you might start with the person’s name if they are already well known and understood to be a potential candidate. 1. Stress dominant traits. 2. Mention only outstanding achievements. 3. Give special emphasis to the skills of the person. 4. Narration and anecdote is appropriate here, as are metaphors. 5. Try to ―whip up the crowd‖—especially supporters.
10分钟英语演讲范文（精选4篇）
10分钟英语演讲范文（精选4篇）10分钟英语演讲范文篇1My DreamEveryone has his own dream, which can be realized or not and which can be different from time to time. However, there must be a long –term one in one’s mind. In other words, it is not easy to be realized. I have a dream: to pass CET-6 before I graduate from the university. It’s maybe easy for most of my classmates, but to me it is as difficult as cracking the hardest nut in the world. I have been studying English for about 10 years. It should not be the No.1 task in my university agenda, but too many failures forced me to do so. I entered one of the most famous universities in China with the almost lowest English mark among all my students. I was really disappointed about that.Although I was not good at English when I was in the middle school, it was not at least about the average. I had no strength to face the frustration. After a semester’s study I was the lowest indeed. I have never cried for study before, but this time I shed tears. Since then I made up my mind to pass CET-6 before my graduation.Glanced back to my English studying experience, I realized that interest is one of the key factors to grasp knowledge. I study English only for the examination before, but not the language itself. That is the weakest point of me. I must overcome it so as to realize my dream. I made a plan: read one story until I can recite it each day; listen to the tapes related to the books as well. English is not so disgusting for me now. I will persist in doing so even after I pass CET-6. I wish my English would be as good as my native language in the future.10分钟英语演讲范文篇2breathing with dreamsI have a question for you. ‘do you know how to breathe?’ okay, i know what y ou are thinking now, “girl, are you kidding me? everybody knows how to breathe.” actually, if i were you sitting down in there one year ago, i would think, “how did she make it to the final?”Alright, seriously speaking, what i am talking about is “the art of breathing”, and it’s about breathing in a yoga way: peacefully and always under control. what it reveals is the real essence of perseverance, “in order to achieve, sometimes, you need to wait.” and when it comes to things you really want in life, it is as hard as it could possibly be.For me, singing is a life thing. when i am singing on the stage, i feel whole-heartedly involved, and the self-fulfillment it renders is inexplicably thrilling. but with all the realistic problems i need to face in life, all those i want seem too far to be true– so far that i am terrified that i will never ever be able to get there and that gradually i will be carried away by the currents and torrents of life. i’ve been drowned into this ambivalence for so long. now, with a refined perspective towards self-realization, i am waiting, in a graceful posture, and knowing that i am going to get there. and on this, i should say, i owe yoga a thank-you.I still remember, about one year ago, i attended a yoga course for the very first time. and to tell you the truth, i went there for a nice figure. however, after practicing for some time, i discovered that there was an ineffable inner-strength burgeoning sneakily in me while i totally focused. in order not to let go this significant power, i started to picture all i wanted in my mind while i was fully concentrating, for i believe the wings ofimagination could make things possible. i learned to breathe with my dreams, shaping the eagerness into this elegant gesture of persisting.And now, if you ask me what exactly is “the art of breathing”, i would say it is indeed “the art of living”. it combines the search of balance, the grace of patience, and the awareness of appreciation.So even though feelings are tied up with life routines, i could still hold onto that free ego which i have always adored: the girl who is singing under the spotlight, with all her heart and soul; the girl who is persevering with all she believes in and always feels grateful for what has been bestowed on her.That girl is now standing right here in front of you, hoping that you are all as lucky as she is, living with dreams and love. no matter how tough things get, i tell myself, i tell myself that, every single thing i am doing now is every step closer to that very moment of my trajectory, just like every yoga breath to every blossom moment of my life.10分钟英语演讲范文篇3Good evening，ladies and gentlemen，distinguished guests and honorable judges:I’m Li Dawei from Class 9, Grade 2. It is my great honour to share my viewpoints on Culture Smart and Science Intelligence with all of dear audience present.As is known to us all that our contemporary lives and the society in current are undergoing profound changes with the promoting development of science and technology. However, have we realized the estrange and departure of our culture against the background on which the positive achievements have been brought by science and technology. Which course shouldwe take in culture smart and science intelligence as the issue on social development is concerned in the process of ultrahigh-speeded urbanization? My viewpoint is clear an firm, that is the cultue smart.It is generally accepted by the broad mass that science and technology take the supreme lead of the productivity. No achievements nurtured by civilization in our contemporary society can be created without the development of science and technology and the society will fall to its stagnant pace. Thanks to the progress made by the advancing science and technology, especially the development of intelligentization, schemed out by robots, unmanned driving and digital platform, offers great convienience to both the production and daily lives of human beings and promotes the social progress.But under no circumstances should we admit that a series of problems on environment and social ethics concerning environment pollution, ozonocavity, greenhouse effect, colon human and nuclear deterrent occurred against the prosperity carried out by science and technology. So how can we spare no effort on keeping such problems from deterioration in all possibilities? What development pattern will be on science and technology in future?The answer is that we need the guidance of culture smart. When we talk about culture, we may regard it as the tradition and history, but how can the intelligentization of science and technology be guided by the culture smart? Here I want to put it that culture is not like a pond filled with stagnant water, but a dynamic system. We can never draw a conclusion of culture as “the deposit of history”, what’s more, we should make it clear that the culture defines our present and future. Modernization,of any kind or shape, shares no alteration on its starting point but the commencement of culture. If not the modernization will inevitably fall to the situation where the water has no source and the tree has no root. The development of science and technology takes no exception on this.The ultrahigh speed of the development of contemporary science and technology contributes no efforts on science and technology itself, but the ideological motivation and the promotion spurred by the ideological power offerd by culture smart. Karl Poopper once said, the elimination of culture leads to the disappearance of civilization. It is obviously that if the promotion effect had been omitted, the science and technology could have been far-reached.The culture smart guides our society into stability and prosperity. We need culture smart because on the one hand, culture provides ideological power to science and technology, on the other hand, culture prevents the tendency of extremity of science and technology. The current problem concerning colon human, outerspace utilitization and nuclear weapon byproducted by contemporary science and technology call for the development in a just course on the sphere of culture. The wisdom-vacanted culture and the extremized science and technology will throw a great threat to the survival of us human beings and the world peace.So, ladies and gentlemen, I think that the culture wisdom is our “root” and we need the root that supports our belief, the negation of the root casts its reflections on history and the existence of us human beings. So only in the manner of settling on the basis of culture smart can we make it helpful to the development of science and technology in a just course, thecontinual progress of human society, the prosperity and peace.Thank you!10分钟英语演讲范文篇4Foreign InvestmentThanks to the open policy in China, more and more foreign businessmen have come to invest, building new factories, mines and other business enterprises, or enlarging and improving old ones. Foreign investment is important in that it supplements the economy of our country. It has the advantage of importing foreign capital, technology, talents, advanced equipment and methods of management.Ours is a country of vast territory, abounding in natural resources and labor force.Foreign investment can help to explore the resources and make use of the labor force, thus giving our strong points to play. In a word, foreign investment may improve our economy. Of course foreign investment is of mutual benefit.The foreign businessmen can also reap profits, otherwise they would not come to invest.To attract more foreign investment, we must maintain the country’s political stability to bring about a good investment environment.Meanwhile we should carry out some good policies, which makes the foreign businessmen believe that to invest in China does pay.。
高中英语写作应用文学案+范例(新闻报道)
应用文学案：新闻报道一、词汇积累:1. encourage sb. to do2. take an active part in3. be required to do4. be good at5. have a better understanding of6. attend7. witness 8. draw one’s attention9. manage to do sth. 10. measure11. sth wins wide popularity 12. speak highly of13. provide sth. for sb. petition→contest15. have a good command of → have a good knowledge of16.thrilled→excited 17.evident→obvious18. favor →help 19. raise →improve20. theme →topic21. situation=condition二、写作套路第一段：事件的目的、时间、地点和参与者。
1. To help…build…, the Students' Union of our school organized a volunteer activity last weekend. 为了帮助......建设……，我们学校的学生会上周末组织了一次志愿者活动。
2. In order to provide the students with a colorful school life, our school held... last week. 为了给学生们提供丰富多彩的学校生活，我们学校上周举办了……3. In an attempt to mourn sb/mark sth, our school held an activity on..., which received great attention. 为了悼念某人/纪念某事，我们学校在…… (时间) 举行了一次活动，受到了极大的关注。
英语演讲选修课教案11inform
山东理工大学教案注：教案附后Lesson 10 Informative Speech IIInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.When your general purpose is to inform, you act as a teacher or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information ---and do it clearly, accurately and interestingly, your aim is to enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before.The informative speeches occur in a wide range of everyday situations.Types of informative speeches5.Speeches about objects6.Speeches about processes7.Speeches about events8.Speeches about concepts1.Speeches about objectsObject: anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.Objects may have having parts or to be alive, they may include places, structures, animals, or even people.You will not have time to cover everything about an object, just focus on one aspectWhen you organize the speech you may choose one of the three organizational methods: chronological; spatial and topical.If your specific purpose is to explain the history or evolution of your subject, you can put your speech in chronological order (A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern). For instance:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major achievements of Frederick Douglass Central idea: Although born in slavery, Frederick Douglass became one of the greatest figures in American history.Main points: I. Douglass spent the first 20 years of his life as a slave in Maryland.II. After escaping to the North, Douglass became a leader in the abolitionist movement to end slaveryIII. During the Civil War, Douglass helped establish black regiments in the Union Army. IV. After the war, Douglass was a tireless champion of equal rights for his race.If your specific purpose is to describe the main features of your subject, you may organize your speech in spatial order (A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern).Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major land regions in SpainCentral idea: There are five major land regions in Spain.Main points: I. The Northern part…II. The western…III. The central…IV. The eastern…V. The Southern part…Some of the speeches about objects fall into topical order (A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics). Here is an example: Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major alternative-fuel cars now being developed.Central idea: The major alternative-fuel cars now being developed are powered by electricity, natural gas, methanol, or hydrogen.Main points: I. one kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by electricity.II. A second kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by natural gas.III. A third kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by methanol.IV. A fourth kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by hydrogen.Other methods of speech organization:Causal order: A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.2.Speeches about processProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.Speeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.When informing about a process, we will usually arrange our speech in chronological order, explaining the process step by step from beginning to end. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major steps in the classic Japanese tea ceremony. Central idea: There are five major steps in the classic Japanese tea ceremony.Main points: I. First, the guests approach the teahouse, taking times on the way to purify their hands.II. Second, the guests enter the tea house, admire the hanging scroll and the vase witha flower arrangement, and seat themselves.III. Third, the tea master prepares a bowl of tea for each guest, following the prescribed ritual.IV. Fourth, each guest in turn takes exactly three and a half sips of tea.V. Fifth, the guests admire the tea implements, admire the interior of the teahouse, and depart.Sometimes, you will focus on the major principles or techniques involved in performing the process. Then you will organize your speech in topical order. Each main point will deal witha separate principle or technique. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the common methods used by stage magicians to perform their tricks.Central idea: Stage magicians use two common methods to perform their tricks---mechanical devices and sleight of hand.Main points: I. Many magic tricks rely on mechanical devices that may require little skill by the magician.II. Other magic tricks depend on the magician’s skill in fooling people by sleight-of-hand manipulation.3. Speeches about eventsEvent: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.There are many ways to discuss event. If your specific purpose is to recount the history of an event, you will organize your speech in chronological order, relating the incidents one after another in the order they occurred. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the history of the disability rights movement.Central idea: The disability rights movement has made major strides during the past 40 years. Main points: I. The disability rights movement began in Berkeley, California, during the mid-1960s.. II. The movement has achieved its first major victory in 1973 with passage of the federal Rehabilitation Act.III. The movement reached another milestone in 1990 when Congress approved the Americans with Disabilities Act.IV. Today the movement is spreading to countries beyond the .If you want to explain the causes and effects, you may organize the speech in causal order. Let’s say your specific purpose is “To inform my audience why so many lives were lost whenthe ‘unsinkable ’ ocean liner Titanic sank. ” Working from cause to effect, youroutline might look like this:Specific purpose: To inform my audience why so many lives were lost when the ‘unsinkable ’ ocean liner Titanic sankCentral idea: Inability to remove the passengers and crew from the doomed Titanic caused the death of more than two-thirds of those on board.Main points: I. There were two major causes for the great loss of life when the ship went down.A.The Titanic carried insufficient lifeboats for the number of people on board.B.On the ship California, which was nearby, the radio operator had shut down the radio andgone to sleep.II. The effects of these two situations were disastrous.A.When all usable lifeboats had been filled, more than 1,500 people remained on board theTitanic.B.The California, unaware of the distress signal, steamed on which the Titanic went tothe bottom.There are other ways to deal with an event besides telling what happened and why it happened. You can approach an event from almost any angle or combination of angles---features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, and so forth. In such cases, you will put your speech together in topical order.4. Speech about conceptsConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order. One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the basic principles of Afro centrism.Central idea: The basic principles of Afro centrism have a theoretical and a practical dimension. Main points: I. The theoretical dimension of Afro centrism looks at historical and social events from an African rather than a European perspective.II. The practical dimension of Afro centrism calls for reforming the school curriculum to fit the needs and cultural experiences of African-American children.A more complex approach is to define the concept you are dealing with, identify its major elements, and illustrate it with specific examples. Foe instance:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the basic principles of Islam.Central idea: The beliefs of Islam can be traced to the prophet Muhammad, are written in the Koran, and have produced a number of sects.Main points: I. Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the early 600s.II. The teaching of Islam are written in the Koran, the holy book of Islam.III. Today Islam is divided into a number of sects, the largest of which are the Sunnisand the Shiites.As you can see from the examples, speeches about concepts are often more complex than other kinds of informative speeches. Concepts are abstract and can be very hard to explain.When explaining concepts, pay close attention to avoiding teaching technical language,you should define terms clearly, and use examples and comparisons to illustrate the concepts and make them understandable to your listeners.Guidelines for informative speakingAll the previous chapters we have discussed relate to the principles of informative speaking. Choosing a topic, and specific purpose, analyzing the audience, using language, delivering the speech---all of these must be done effectively if you want your speech a success. Here we emphasize five points that will help you avoid the mistakes that plague many informative speakers.1. Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.It is easy to overestimate the audience’s stock of information. In most informative speeches, your listeners will be only vaguely knowledgeable about the details of your topic. Otherwise there would not be much need for an informative speech! Therefore, you must lead your listeners step by step, without any shortcuts. You cannot assume they will know what you mean. Rather, you must be sure to explain everything so thoroughly that they cannot help but understand. As you work on the speech, always consider whether it will be clear to someone who is hearing about the topic for the first time.2.Relate the subject directly to the audienceInformative speakers have one big hurdle to overcome. They must recognize that what is fascinating to them may not be fascinating to everybody. Once you have chosen a topic that could possibly be interesting to your listeners, you should take special steps to relate it to them.You should tie it in with their interests and concerns.Start in the introduction, instead of saying:I want to talk with you about stress.You could say,Do you get butterflies in your stomach when you have to give a speech? Can you feel your blood pressure rising when you have an argument with your roommate, spouse, or partner? Are you worried sick about finishing the paper you have been putting off all week? Is so, you have experienced the symptoms of stress.Get your audience involved right at the beginning. And whenever you can ,put your audience into the body of the speech. Find ways to talk about your topic in terms of your listeners. Bring your material home to them. Get it as close to them as possible.3.Don’t be too technicalWhat does it mean to say that an informative speech is too technical? It may mean the subject matter is too specialized for the audience. The important thing foe a speaker to know is what can be explained to an ordinary audience and what cannot.If you are talking to a group of specialists, you can use technical words and be understood.But you must do all you can to avoid technical words when informing a general audience.4.Avoid abstractionsOne way to avoid abstractions is through description (a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness). Description can be used depict external events, but also can be used to communicate internal feelings.Here is how one student tried to convey to his audience the sensations he experienced when he first began sky diving:As we wait for the plane to climb to the jump altitude of 12,000 feet, my mind races witha frenzied jumble of thoughts: “Okay, this is the moment you have been waiting for. It is goingto be great. Am I really going to jump out of an plane from 12,000 feet? What if something goes wrong? Can I still back out? Come on now, don’t worry. It’ll be fine.”Even if we have not been sky diving, we have the same kind of emotions on the similar occasions.So what happened next?Now it is time to jump. My palms are sweating and my heart is pounding so hard I think it may burst. “Get ready,” yells the instructor. As I jump into the blue, I wonder, “What amI doing here?”Yes---and then what?The blast of air resistance blows me backward like a leaf at the mercy of an autumn wind.In about 10 seconds my body levels out and accelerates to a speed of 120 miles an hour. The air supports my body like an invisible flying carpet. There is no sound except for the wind rushing around my face. The earth appears soft and green, rivers look like strips of silver, and in every direction the scenery forms a panoramic landscape. Any fears or doubts I had are gone in the exhibition of free flight. Every nerve in my body is alive with sensation; yet I am overcome by a peaceful feeling and the sense that I am at one with the sky.As we listen to the speaker, we are almost up there with him, sharing his thoughts, feeling his heart pound, joining his exhilaration as he floats through the sky. The vivid description lends reality to the speech and draws us further in.Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons (A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.) t hat put your subject in concrete familiar terms.What would happen if a comet or large asteroid struck the earth? You would say this:If a comet or large asteroid struck the earth, the impact would be devastating.It is vague and abstract; It does not communicate your meaning clearly and concretely. Now suppose you add this:To give you an idea how devastating the impact would be, it would be like all the nuclear bombs in the world going off at one spot.Now you have made the abstract specific.5.Personalize your ideasPersonalize: to present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience.Listeners want to be entertained as they are being enlightened. People are interested in people. They react to stories, not statistics. Whenever possible, you should try to personalize your ideas and dramatize them in human termsLets say you are talking about anorexia nervosa, the eating disorder that affects millions of young women in the United States. You should not toss figures and facts into your speech, they are too dry, you should weave in some examples of people who have suffered from anorexia to get the audience involved. One student began by telling about her best friend, Julie:I was Julie’s best friend. I watched her grow from a little girl who was doted on by her parents into a tomboy who carried frogs in her pockets. I watched her become a young woman, fussing with her hair and trying on every outfit in her closet before her first date. I always wanted to be just like her.But then something went terribly wrong. Julie’s shiny hair became dull and brittle. Her eyes lost their sparkle, and she didn’t smile that brilliant smile any more. I watched now, as she stepped onto the scale seven times a day, wore baggy clothes to cover her shriveled frame, and kept muttering about losing those last two stubborn pounds. Julie had become anorexic.By putting a human face on a familiar topic, the speaker took anorexia out of the realm of statisticsand medical jargon and brought it home in personal terms.Sample speech with commentaryThe following classroom speech provides an excellent example of how to apply the guidelines for informative speaking discussed in this chapter. As you study the speech, notice how the speaker takes what could be a highly technical topic and explores it in clear, nontechnical language. Pay attention as well to how crisply the speech is organized, how the speaker use well-known supporting materials to develop her ideas, and how she relates those ideas to her audience at various points throughout the speech.CryonicsJayne Richter1. The time is now. Imagine your mother or father has suffered a heart attack. Deprived of its vital blood supply, a part of their heart is dying. Or imagine your grandmother or grandfather lying nearly motionless in their nursing home bed. Advanced age, complicated by pneumonia, is about to end their lives. Or imagine a close friend has just entered the hospital with a massive systemwide infection. AIDS has left their body ravaged by multiple diseases.Beginning with a series of brief hypothetical examples is a fine way to capture attention and interest. In this case, the scenarios work particularly well because they relate the topic directly to the audience.2. For most people, these circumstances would herald the end of life. Today’s medicine can no longer help them. But all of you may be able to meet again in the far future. Does this should like science fiction? Perhaps. But it may one day be possible. How? Through the process of cryonics. The speaker poses two questions that arouse curiosity and get the audience further involved in the speech. Then she reveals her topic.3. Cryonics is the process of freezing human beings after death in hope that medical science will be able to revive them in the future. Intrigued by the prospect of being cryonically frozen, I’ve spent some time researching the subject of cryonics. After reading dozens of newspaper and magazine articles, I would like to give you a brief overview of the history, methods, and future of cryonics. Let’s start with the development of cryonics.The speaker defines cryonics, establishes her credibility, and previews the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech. An explicit preview statement at the end of the introduction is especially important in speaking to inform.4. Although the idea of freezing people is relatively new, the notion of preserving them is old. In the 1770s, for example, Ben Franklin wrote he wanted to be “immersed in a cask (木桶) of Madeira wine, ’til that time when he could be recalled to life.”It was not to be, but Franklin’s dream lived on to be revived in our time as cryonics.Now the speaker moves into her first main point. The information in this paragraph provides historical perspective on the impulse for immortality that underlines the appeal of cryonics.5. Cryonics has been a staple （话题） of science fiction novels, the plot device in movies such as Austin Powers and Sleepers, and the subject of countless newspapers and magazine articles. Until 1964, however, cryonics remained firmly in the realm of fiction. It was at this time that physics professor Robert Ettinger argued in his book The Prospect of immortality that cryonics was indeed possible. Three years later, on January 12, 1967, 73-year-old James H Bedford became the first human being to be cryonically frozen.The speaker sketches the development of cryonics in ourr own time. The details in this paragraphadd variety, color, and interest. Imagine, for example, how much less effective the paragraph would have been if the speaker had merely said, ” The first case of a person being cryonically frozen occurred in the 1970s.”The specific names and dates add depth and texture to the speaker’s explanation.6. Ever since Bedford was frozen, cryonics has steadily increased in popularity. Currently there are four cryonic institutions in the United States-two in California and one each in Michigan and Arizona. So far 80 people have been cryonically frozen from around the world, and another estimated 800 people have signed up to be frozen when they die. Their aim is to remain frozen in a state of suspended animation （活气，生气）---perhaps for centuries---in the hope that medical science will be able to revive them in the future at a time when cures（治愈） exist for all of today’s diseases and when restoration to full function and health is possible.This paragraph completes the speaker’s first main point. Because cryonics is so often associated with science fiction, the speaker’s classmates were especially intrigued to learn that there are four cryonics institutions in the U S and that 80 people have already been cryonically frozen.7. So you’re probably wondering how will they do it? How does cryonics work?The speak uses questions as signposts to let the audience know she is moving into her second main point.8. Currently, when a person who has signed up to be cryonically suspended dies, a specific procedure, which was outlined in the book Cryonics:Reaching for Tomorrow,must be carried out. First, before death, an individual must decide whether to have his or her entire body frozen or just the head. If the whole body is to be frozen, it must be preserved upon death. Immediately after death---ideally within a matter of minutes---the patient is connected to a heart-lung machine and chemicals such as glucose （葡萄糖）and heparin （肝素，一种抗凝血药）are circulated（循环） with the oxygenated （充氧的） blood to help minimize the freezing damage. At the same time, the patient’s internal temperature is reduced as quickly as possible using cold packs.The explanation in this and the next paragraph provides an excellent model of how to explain technical information in everyday, nontechnical language. Because the speaker is not an expert on cryonics, she is careful to identify the source of her information.9. If only the head will be frozen, a slightly different procedure must be carried out. The head must be surgically detached from the rest of the body and preserved in a separate container from the rest of the body and preserved in a separate container. You may be wondering” Why would I preserve only my head?” The answer is, with some diseases the body is in a very poor condition. If this is the case and you choose to preserve your head only, you do so with the belief that medical science will be able to create a healthy new body for you in the future.Notice how the speaker relates the topic directly to her audience by speaking in terms of “you”and by posing the question that listeners are likely asking mentally.10. Once the head or body is ready for freezing, a liquid called a cryoprotectant, which works as an antifreeze（抗冻剂） of sorts to help prevent cell（细胞） damage, is circulated through the body or head. Over a 20-day period, the patient is prepared for long-term storage by cooling the body or head to a temperature of negative 320 degrees Fahrenheit. When this temperature is reached, the patient is stored in a steel cylinder（圆筒） of liquid nitrogen（氮）. According to an article in Omni magazine,” At this temperature, biological function ceases and the patient will remain unchanged for hundreds of years.”The speaker completes her discussion of how cryonics works. Notices how she clarifies the meaning of “cryopeotectant ”by comparing it to an automotive antifreeze. This is a small point, but it illustrates the speaker’s efforts throughout the speech to communicate technical terms and concepts in ways her audience can readily understand.11. Now that we have explored the development of cryonics and how the freezing process works, you may wonder about questions such as how much it costs and whether the people that are frozen can be rethawed(重新解冻).A transition cues the audience that the speaker is moving to her next main point.12. According to an article in Fortune magazine, the cost of cryonic suspension ranges from ＄60,000to＄125, can be creatively paid for by making the cryonics institution the beneficiary （受益人） of your life insurance policy. These costs may be rather steep, but as one cryonics member states, “Facing my own mortality turned out to be much harder than coming up with the cash to pay for life insurance premiums（酬金）.”Knowing that cost is a common question people have about cryonics, he speaker makes sure to include it in her speech. The quotation at the end of this paragraph adds a bit of wry humor.13. But cost is not the only issue. Even if you can afford the cost of being cryonically frozen, scientists have not yet worked out all the details involved in freezing and rethawing. As explained by New Scientist magazine, the problem is that the process itself inflicts（遭受） a certain amount of cellular damage by dehydrating(使脱水) cells and puncturing（刺穿） their delicate membranes （膜）. So far, there are only a few types of human tissue that can be successfully frozen and rethawed, including sperm, embryos（胚胎）, and bone marrow（骨髓）, which contain relatively few cells. It is not yet possible to freeze and rethaw complicated organs such as the heart or liver---not to mention a complete body or brainA signpost at the beginning of this paragraph gets the speaker into her next subpoint, which deals with the problems involved in rethawing people once they have been cryonically frozen. As in the rest of the speech ,the speaker identifies the source of her information and presents that information clearly and forthrightly.14. What scientists need is a procedure that will allow them to reduce the damage inflicted by the freezing process. And in fact scientists are currently working on this procedure. Research is being done in the hope of finding better cryoprotectants –--or antifreezes---which will reduce the cell damage caused by freezing .According to the book Cryonics: Reaching for Tomorrow; scientists are also developing microscopic machines that are capable of repairing cells at the molecular（分子的） level. These machines might one day make it possible to repair the cell damage caused by freezing process and thus bring frozen patients back to full life. Until that time ,the people that are already frozen will have to remain in their current state of suspended animation in the hope that science will one day work out solutions to the problems involved with freezing and rethawing.The speaker explains the efforts of scientists to find a way to reduce the damage caused by the freezing process so as to be able to bring frozen patients back to life. This brings her discussion of cryonics fully up to date and completes the body of the speech.15. In closing, we have seen that cryonics is much more than a plot in a science fiction novel. It has developed from a wholly unrealistic fantasy to the point that 80 people have already been frozen and hundreds more have made the choice to be cryonically frozen when they die. If scientists can ever figure out how to rethaw people successfully, we can be sure that cryonics will become much more popular.The phrase “in closing”signals that the speaker is moving into her conclusion. She then provides an excellent summary of the main points developed in the body16. So think again of your father or mother suffering a heart attract, your grandmother or grandfather dying of pneumonia or your close friend stricken with AIDS. If they close to be buried or cremated in traditional fashion their physical minds and bodies would be destroyed. That isabsolutely certain. By contrast, being cryonically frozen offers some small chance that they may be revived in the future. Even if that chance is small it is more than no chance at all. The final paragraph relates the topic to the audience once again and unifies the entire speech by referring to the three hypothetical scenarios mentioned in the introduction. The closing sentence ends the speech on a strong note.。
2023届高考英语专题小作文复习：演讲稿、发言稿(致辞)学案
2023届高考应用文专题复习（4）：演讲稿/发言稿必背素材与范文考法速览：（例一）真题:(2021 全国乙卷)你校将举办英语演讲比赛。
请你以Besmart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1.分析优势与不足:2.提出学习建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目和首句已为你写好。
（例二）假定你是李华，最近，你校将举办一个以Protecting the Earth Starts from Us为主题的英语演讲活动。
请根据下面要求写一篇英语演讲稿：1. 指出当前的环境问题；2. 发出倡议：节约能源、废物利用、绿色出行等；（例三）)假定你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“Small acts make a big difference”的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：1. 对主题的理解；2. 如何实践。
（例四）假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的好友徐畅同学考上了香港大学，你们班级准备为他举办一个英语晚会。
参会人员：班主任、英语老师、全班同学。
你将就下面的内容提示写一篇发言稿。
要点如下：1．表示祝贺；2．友情回顾(一起上学、互相帮助、共同进步等)；3．祝福、希望。
（例五）你校将举办“我为自己感到自豪”的演讲比赛，请用英语写一篇演讲稿，包括以下内容：1．简单介绍自己的性格；2．记述一件或几件自己引以为豪的事例；3．自我认识；写作框架：类型一、演讲稿框架：1. 演讲主题；2. 演讲具体内容；3. 总结并致谢。
类型二、发言稿/致辞：1. 发言目的；2. 谈谈收获或感想；3. 表达祝愿和期望必背句型1、很荣幸有机会与大家分享我对如何更有效地学习在线课程的看法。
It’s my great honor to have the opportunity to share with you my opinion on how to take online courses more effectively.2、我很荣幸能代表所有学生站在这里，我要向你们表示最热烈的欢迎。
新教材外研版英语选择性必修-学案BreakingboundariesⅣWritingaspeech
Section ⅣWriting a speech [学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉范文诠解[教材原文] [名师论道] Hello, everyone.Today, I'm going to introduceEdgar Snow.Edgar Snow was an American journalistwho wrote influential books and articles about Chinain the 1930s.At a time when relatively little wasknown about our country in the Western world, his1937 book Red Star o v er China broke ideologicalboundaries by telling the stories of the Chinesecommunist movement from the inside.Although Snow was not the only internationaljournalist to set foot in China during the early decadesof the 20th century, what set him apart from theothers was that he actually spent time with theChinese Red Army.He listened to their stories andobserved their day-to-day lives, as well as conductinginterviews with Mao Zedong and other leaders.Hisbiographical accounts and depictions of historicalevents, such as the Long March, therefore capturedthe spirit of the period and the people living throughit with unprecedented authenticity.Snow isconsidered “our American friend”．I admire Snow's special insight and bravery, riskinghis life during the war to get to the heart of the storyand correct prejudice.For me, Snow's writing, and inparticular Red Star o v er China, is a must-read foranyone with an interest in that period.[学语言]1.时态：一般现在时和一般过去时2.人称：第一、三人称3.亮点词汇①introduce②influential③break ideological boundaries④set foot in⑤set sb.apart from the others4.高级句式①who引导定语从句②when引导定语从句[学结构]本文是一份演讲稿，介绍了美国记者埃德加·斯诺，以及他打破意识形态的作品《红星照耀中国》。
英语公共演讲informative speech
Homework
Write an outline for your INFORMATIVE SPEECH PLEASE WRITE YOUR OUTLINE BASED ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SAMPLE PREPARATION OUTLINE Or at least make your outline as specific as the “subpoint” level
Topical order: the elements of comics (theme; style; plot)
Spepercohceesssaebsout
1. explain Development of human embryo 2. Instruct How to cook a Peking roast Duck at home
Label the introduction, body and conclusion
Make sure that the structure is a complete and sound one
Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and identation 1. Main point
What to payinattention to INFORMATIVE SPEECH?
Dwohna’t ttkhonevoeawruesdstieimncaete
“the effects of the bhola cyclone would have been reduced if better warning and response systems had been in place at the time”
英语文体学The English of Public Speaking
13. make no mistake
7. land of liberty
14. favors freedom
15. the pain of poverty
Lexical Features
The employment of big words The employment of noun phrases where verb phrases
may be used in other variety First person pronouns Avoidance of non-standard words and expression
Hard words
Items I Have a Dream The Inaugural Address Total
97 / 62.6%
139 / 77.2%
Simple past
10 / 6.5%
10 / 5.6%
Future indefinite
30 / 19.4%
23 / 12.8%
Present perfect
13 / 8.4%
6 / 3.3%
Present continuous Past continuous
They are impromptu[ɪm'prɒmptju:] speeches, extemporaneous[eks'tempə'reɪnɪəs] speeches, speeches from reciting, speeches from manuscript, but many of the speeches are written to be spoken before an audience.
2022年高考英语一轮复习主题语境10优秀品行正确的人生态度公民义务与社会责任__人物介绍学案
优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任——人物介绍课前主题词汇积累——没有词汇，什么也表达不了记牢——主题词汇有空就记[常见单词]1．admire vt. ①钦佩；羡慕；赞美②欣赏；观赏①admire sb. for (doing) sth. 钦佩某人……②admiration n．[U]赞美；钦佩 [C]令人赞美的人或物2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）behave v. ①表现②使表现得体①behave oneself 行为规矩②badly/wellbehaved 不守规矩的/守规矩的3．bow v. ①vi.鞠躬②vt.低下(头)n. [C]弓；弓形物；点头；鞠躬4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）clap vt. & vi. (为……)鼓掌；拍手n. [C]拍手(声)；鼓掌(声)5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）devotion n. [U]献身；忠诚；热爱6．discipline n. ①[U]训练；管教；纪律②[C]训练方法③[U]自制力►selfdiscipline n．自律7．drown v．①vi. & vt.(使)淹死；(使)溺死②vt.淹没；消除(忧愁等)8．duty n．①(道德或法律上的)责任；义务②[C](用复数)(工作)任务；职责③[U]值班①do one's duty尽自己的责任②on/off duty 值/下班；值/不值勤9．dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；快熄灭的10.(北师大附中2022中考模拟）hero n. [C]①英雄②男主角；男主人公①heroic adj. 英雄的②heroism n. 英雄主义；英雄气概11．kindness n．①[U]仁慈；和蔼；好意②[C]好事；好意①out of kindness出于好心②with kindness 亲切地12.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）look vi.①看；瞧②寻找v．(用作系动词) 看似；看上去vt.当心；留神n．[C]①看②神色；表情③[常用复数]外表；外观；外貌④(服装、头发等的)时尚；风格；样式①look a bout/around/round 四下环顾；四处寻找②look after (take care of) 照顾③look ahead 展望未来；为将来设想④look back 回头看⑤look back on/to 回忆；回顾⑥look down on/upon 轻视；看不起⑦look for (search for) 寻找⑧look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望/期待(做)某事⑨look into 调查⑩loo k on 旁观；在……一旁观看13．loudly adv. 响亮地；大声地14.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）period n．[C]①(一段)时间②时期；阶段③学时15.(实验中学2022中考模拟）position n．①位置；方位②姿势；(物体所指的)方向③地位；身份16．recommend vt.①推荐；介绍②劝告；建议①recommend sb./sth. to sb.把……推荐/介绍给某人②recommend sb./sth. for sth.推荐/介绍……(担任)职位③recommend (that)＋从句 (从句中用should do)建议……④recommend sb. to do sth. 建议/劝告某人做某事⑤recommend doing sth. 建议做某事17．relationship n. 关系；联系①the relationship between teachers and students师生关系②in close relationship with 与……有密切关系18．responsibility n．责任；责任感；责任心①responsible adj. 负有责任的；尽责的②be responsible for 对……负责19．stand (stood, stood)vi.①站立；起立②位于(某处)vt.使直立；使站立承受；经得起；容忍；忍受(bear)n．①货摊；看台②[常用单数]观点；立场①stand (sb./sth.) doing 容忍做……②stand back 退后；退一步(考虑问题)③stand by 袖手旁观④stand for 代表；象征⑤stand out 引人注目；突出20．struggle n. [C]斗争；奋斗；难事vi. (与某人)搏斗；斗争；奋力前进；挣扎①struggle with/against与……斗争②struggle for/to do sth. 为争取……而斗争/努力做……21．suit n．[C](一套)衣服vt. (服装、颜色等)适合；对(某人)方便；使适宜①suit ...to使……适合②suit ed adj. [不用于名词前]适合的③be best suited for/to 非常适合22.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）talkative adj. 健谈的23.(华中师大附中2022中考模拟）thinking n. [U]思想；思考；见解24.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）twice adv. 两次；两倍25.(实验中学2022中考模拟）twin n. [C]孪生儿之一；双胞胎之一adj. 孪生的；双胞胎的26．unforgettable adj. 难忘的27．unselfish adj. 无私的28．useful adj. 有用的；有益的►usefully adv. 有用地29．virtue n．①美德；德行②优点；长处(advantage) 30．warmth n. [U]温暖31．wellknown adj. 出名的；众所周知的32.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）within prep. 在……范围/时间以内；不超过33．yearly adj.每年的；一年一度的adv.每年；一年一次地34.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）yell vt. & vi. 叫喊；大声喊35.(实验中学2022中考模拟）youth n．①[U]青年时代②[U]青春；朝气③[C]青年男子；小伙子④[统称]年轻人；青年[常用词块]1．in terms of 就……来说2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）thanks to 多亏；幸亏3．keep in touch with 与……保持联系4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）have a better understanding of 更好的理解5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）with the help of 在……的帮助下6．turn down 拒绝7．make use of 利用8．a waste of 浪费9．give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交10.(北师大附中2022中考模拟）far from 离……远；完全不；一点也不；远非11．in one's turn 轮到某人；接着12.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）in time 及时；终于；迟早13．run into 偶遇；无意中碰见14.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）show up 出现；现身；露面15.(实验中学2022中考模拟）in the history of 在……的历史上练清——常用词汇挤时就练一、单词拼写(根据提示写出单词)1．After that, a basketball match is scheduled at 10 o'clock, which of course will strengthen the relationship (关系；联系) between our schools.2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）Sports can provide opportunities for health education and the development of life skills such as teamwork, communication, discipline_ (纪律) and selfconfidence.3．Therefore, I have a good knowledge of different art style of each period (时期)．4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）He occupies an important position (位置，地位) ina company.5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）It is our duty (职责) to make our world a more harmonious place to live in.6．We Chinese take pride in the twins (双胞胎) who have won glory for our motherland.7．As long as you devote twice (两倍) more time and energy than you did before, I believe you are sure to make great progress.8．This route will be an_unforgettable_ (难忘的) experience for you and it will be fit for you.二、词形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)1._Suitable (suit) school uniforms can not only show good discipline but alsomake us look more active.2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）The moment I saw the scientist, words failed to express my admiration (admire)．3．The children talked so loudly (loud) at dinner that I had to struggle to be heard.4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）In the meeting, he was praised for his devotion (devote) to the education cause.5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）I wish I could do something in return for the kindness (kind) I have received from him.6．Almost without thinking (think), I bent and gave her a hug.7．She throws a birthday party for Georgie yearly (year)．8．He saved a drowning boy and his heroic (hero) deed moved so many people.9．Walking in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth_ (warm) of spring.10.(北师大附中2022中考模拟）The book is a popular spiritual guidebook about youth (young)．三、固定搭配(在空格处填1个适当的单词)1．In terms of study and health, we should develop a healthy lifestyle.2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）Thanks to your proper arrangements, I attended many classes of different subjects and learned much knowledge.3．Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）I have the confidence that you will have a better understanding_of our cultural relics by watching the programme.5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）With the help of the subway network, traffic jams and road accidents have been reduced, so it is convenient for people to travel.6．Professor Li turned down the invitation to deliver a speech at the science conference.7．My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.8．Attempting to change someone else's attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.四、形变动词(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1．After we arrived at the mountain, all of us couldn't help admiring (admire) the natural scenery.2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）Surprised and happy, Tony stood_ (stand) up andaccepted the prize.3．As the president ended his speech, we clapped_(clap) politely.4.(xx第一中学2022中考模拟）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduceyour risk of dying (die) early by running.5.(实验中学2022中考模拟）Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go towork in cities, struggling (struggle) to increase their incomes.6．What's most important is how to_behave (behave) yourself in your future work.7．The young man was_recommended (recommend) as manager of the big company ayear ago.8．After the flight arrived, Sarah Thomas saw a man looking (look) aroundcuriously.五、熟词生义(写出画线部分在具体语境中的含义)1．stand (熟义：vi.站；站立；直立)I found the fish stand surrounded in a sea of customers. n.货摊2.(衡水中学2022中考模拟）admire (熟义：vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞美)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together to sharea meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes. v.欣赏六、单句写作(依据汉语提示补全句子)1．虽然如此，她总是乐观地保持希望，并能深深地影响那些心灰意冷的人。
英语演讲选修课13informativespeech（小编推荐）
英语演讲选修课13informativespeech（小编推荐）第一篇：英语演讲选修课13informativespeech（小编推荐）Lesson 13 Informative speechTeaching contents I． Examples* Tips for using examples II． Testimony* Tips for Using testimony III．Statistics Tips for using statistics Iv.# Sample speech with commentary Teaching goals Get students to know how to use examples, testimony and statistics effectively to back up the speech.Assignment What are the four tips for using examples in your speech? Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony.Supporting your ideas Heather Kolpin decided to give her first classroom speech on the benefits of good nutrition.A dedicated fitness enthusiast, she had recently switched to a high-protein diet.Part of her speech ran like this: “ For years we‟ve been told that meat, eggs, and cheese are bad for us and that we should eat more carbohydrates like cereal, grains, pasta, and rice.But too many carbohydrates can unbalance the body and make you tired and overweight.Do you want more energy? Do you want to concentrate better and get higher grades? Do you want to enjoy real meals and still lose those unsightly pounds? If so, you should eat more protein.I‟ve been on a high-protein diet for six months, and I‟ve never felt better or done better in my classes!”After the speech, Heather’s classmates were interested but skeptical.As one remarked，“I know high-protein diets are popular right now, but Heather is no expert on nutrition.Besides, there are lots of diets around, and they all claim to work wonders.Personally, I’d be more convinced if Heather gavesome scientific evidence to back up her opinion.”Good speeches are not composed of hot air and generalizations.They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker’s point of view.In Heather’s case, although there is plenty of evidence on the need to balance protein and carbohydrate consumption, many nutritionists have warned about the dangers of overloading on protein.So Heather’s listeners were right to be skeptical.Heather made a mistake of generalizing from her own experience with nothing concrete to support her ideas.The problem with generalizations is that they do not answer the three questions listeners always mentally ask of a speaker: “What do you mean?”, “Why should I believe you?” “So what?”The skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a poor speech and a good ing supporting materials is not a matter of tossing facts and figures into your speech.You must decide which ideas need to be supported given your audience, topic, and specific purposes.You must do research to find materials that will bring your ideas across clearly and creatively.And you must evaluate your supporting materials to make sure they really do back up your ideas.As you put your speeches together, you will need to make sure your supporting materials are accurate, relevant, and reliable.You will find yourself asking such questions as, “Are my examples representative?”，“Am I quoting reputable, qualified sources?”There are three kinds of supporting materials we use most often, they are: examples , testimony and statistics I． Examples Examples：a specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences or the like.In thecourse of a speech you may use brief examples—specific instances referred to in passing—and sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression.Extended examples—often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes—are longer and more detailed.Examples are useful when you wish to make an abstract concept or idea concrete.For example, it is difficult for the audience to see exactly what you mean by such abstract concepts as persecution, denial of freedom, friendship, and love unless you provide specific examples of what you mean.Here is one example a student used in a speech about lead poison.…When Denise Waddle and her family moved to a nice, middle-class section of Jersey City, New Jersey, they had dreams of healthy living, block parties, even a big backyard so their kid could make mud pies.In less than one year in their new home, their two-year-old son had been poisoned, and their newborn showed high levels of poisoning in his bloodstream.Unknowingly, the Waddle‟s had been poisoned by their own backyard, for high levels of lead contaminated their water and their lives.”Examples may be real and factual on one hand or hypothetical and imagined on the other.The hypothetical and imagined ones are called hypothetical examples.Hypothetical example: an example that describes an imagery or fictitious situationHere is one student used a hypothetical example to illustrate the need for college students to protect themselves against crime:Y ou’re tired;you’re hungry.You’ve just spent a long day at College Library and you cannot wait to get back to your room.Glancing outside, you remember how quickly it becomesdark.You don’t think much of it, though, as you bundle up and head out into the gusty wind.Not until you spy the shadows on the sidewalk or hear the leaves rustling beside you do you wish you weren’t alone.You walk quickly, trying to stop your imagination from thinking of murderers and rapists.Only when you are safely inside your room do you relax and try to stop your heart from pounding out of your chest.Can you remember a time when you felt this way? I would be surprised if you never have.The FBI reported last year that there were three murders, approximately 430 aggravated assaults, 1400 burglaries, and 80 rapes here in Madison alone.And while these statistics are quite alarming, they don’t compare to the numbers of larger metropolitan areas.This hypothetical example is particularly effective.The speaker creates a realistic scenario, relates it directly to her listeners, and gets them involved in the speech.In addition, she uses figures from the FBI to show that the scenario could really happen to any of her classmates.Whenever you use a hypothetical example, it is a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is not far-fetched.Tips for using examples e examples to clarify your ideasExamples are an excellent way to clarify unfamiliar or complex ideas.This is why so many teachers use examples in the classroom.Examples put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand.This principle works exceptionally well in speeches.Suppose you are talking about suspension bridges, you could give a technical descriptionThe suspension bridge has a roadway suspended by vertical cables attached to two or more main cables.The main cables are hung on two towers and have their ends anchored in concrete or bedrock.If your listeners were made up of people familiar withstructural systems, they might be able to visualize what a suspension bridge looks like.But for listeners lacking this background, you might want to add a simple example: Two well-known suspension bridges are the Golden Bridge in San Francisco and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York.Because almost everyone has at least seen a picture of the Golden Bridge in San Francisco and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, using them as examples clarifies your meaning quickly and e examples to reinforce your ideas In a speech entitled “Boxi ng: The most dangerous sport”, the speaker argued that professional boxing should be banned.To reinforce his point, he cited the example of Muhammad Ali, who suffers a severe case of Parkinson’s disease brought on by his years in the ring.The example is very effective.It put the medical facts about boxing and brain damage in vivid, human terms that everyone could understand.When you use examples, make sure it is representative.The example of Muhammad Ali is quite e examples to personalize your ideas People are interested in people.AS social psychologist Eliot Aronson said, “Most people are more deeply influenced by one clear, vivid, personal example than by an abundance of statistical data.” Whenever you talk, you can include examples that will add human interest to your speech.SEE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD YOU BE MORE LIKELY TO RESPOND TO? There are many hungry families in our community who could benefit from food donations.Or: Let me tell you about Arturo.Arturo is four years old.He has big brown eyes and a mop of blackhair and an empty belly.In all his four years on this earth, Arturo has never once enjoyed three square meals in a singleday.You can also use personal examples: personal examples are an excellent way to clarify ideas and to build audience interest.To be most effective, they should be delivered sincerely and with strong eye contact.II．Testimony Testimony---quotations or paraphrases used to support a point..People tend to respect the opinions of people who have special knowledge or experience on the topic.By quoting or paraphrasing such people, you can give your ideas greater strength and impact.The two major kinds of testimony are expert testimony and peer testimony.Expert testimony: Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.It is a good way to lend credibility to your speeches by citing the viewpoints of people who are experts.It shows that you are not just mouthing your own opinions, but your position is supported by people who are knowledgeable about the topic.Expert testimony is more important when a topic is controversial or when the audience is skeptical about a speakers’ point of view.As Einstein has put it;as Li Siguang said…Peer Testimony---Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.Testimony not from famous people, but from ordinary citizens who have firsthand experience on the topic.This kind of testimony is especially valuable because it gives a more personal viewpoint on issues than can be gained from expert testimony.It conveys the feelings, the knowledge, the insight of people who speak with the voice of genuine experience.For example, if you were speaking about the barriers faced by people with physical disabilities, you would surely include testimony from doctors and other medical authorities.But in this case, the expert testimony would be limited because it cannot communicate what it really means to have a physical disability.To communicate that, you need statementsfrom people who have physical disabilities---such as the following:Itzhak Perman, the world-renowned violinist whose legs are paralyzed, once said: “When you are in a wheelchair, people don ‟t talk to you.Perhaps they think it is contagious, or perhaps they think crippled legs mean a crippled mind.But whatever the reason, they treat you like a thing.”Paul Longmore, who lost the use of his legs as a child, notes that most people are uncomfortable in the presence of someone who is handicapped, “It‟s only when they really go out of their way to get to know us,” he says, “that they realize we are just as bright, witty, and companionable as they are.”There is no way expert testimony can express theses ideas with same authenticity and emotional impact.Tips for Using testimony 1.quote or paraphrase accurately: make sure you do not misquote someone;make sure you do not violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase;make sure you do not quote out of context(quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.)e testimony from qualified sources.That is, use testimony from recognized experts or ordinary citizens with special experience on the speech e testimony from unbiased sources.Be sure to use testimony from credible, competent, objective authorities.4.Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.The usual way to identify your source is to name the person and sketch her or his qualifications before presenting the testimony.For instance: John Silber, Chancellor of Boston University and Chairman of the Massachusetts Board of Education, remarks: “It is quite clear that remarkablecompetence in a language can be achieved in three years---if theses years are the ages three, four, and five.There is no question that for the average child to become bilingual, the earlier the better.”After this statement, there is no doubt about Silber’s qualifications or why the audience should respect his judgment on the subject of education.III． Statistics We live in an age of statistics.Day in and day out we are bombarded with numbers.When used properly, statistics is an effective way to clarify and support ideas.Like brief examples, statistics are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker’s point.The following examples show how three students used statistics in their speeches:To show the dangers posed by running red lights: “According to the U.S.Department of Transportation, 200,000 people are injured and more than 800 are killed every year in the U.S.due to motoris ts who run red lights.”To illustrate the growing popularity of organic foods: “Consumers Union reports that sales of organic crops now exceed $9 billion a year and are increasing at the rate of 20 percent annually.”To document the problem of identity the ft: “As stated by Newsweek magazine, identity theft has become the leading source of consumer fraud in the U.S., with an estimated 500,000 to 700,000 victims each year.”When using statistics, ask yourself the following two question:Are the statistics representative?Are the statistics from a reliable source? Tips for using statistics Use statistics to quantity your ideasThe main value of statistics is to give your ideas numerical precision.This can be especially important when you are trying to document the existence of a problem.Examples can bring the problem alive and dramatize it in personal terms.But your listeners may still wonder how many people the problem actually affects.In such a situation, you should turn to statistics.Research has shown that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.Suppose you are talking about the need for tougher driver’s license requirements for elderly drivers.Part of your speech deals with the growing number of auto accidents caused by drivers aged 70 and older.You give an example, you personalize it, you provide many details, as follows:Marie Wyman‟s 87th birthday celebration at the Lobster Trap and Steakhouse in Winslow, Maine, ended with a bang.As Wyman backed out of her parking spot, she lost control of her Buick and plowed right through the restaurant‟s crowded dining room.Tables and chairs scattered asterrified diners scrambled for cover.Twenty-seven people were injured, and police say it was a miracle that no one was killed.Then the speaker used figures to quantity the problem: According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, almost 5,000 drivers age 70 or older were killed last year, a 33 percent increase over the past 10 years.In few than 20 years, there will be more than 30 million drivers over age 70 in the United States, and highway safety experts warn that the number of people killed in crashes involving elderly motorists is likely to exceed the drunk-driving death e statistics sparinglyNothing puts an audience to sleep faster than a speechscattered with numbers from beginning to end.Insert statistics only when they are needed, and then make sure that they are easy to grasp.Identify the source of your statisticsAs we have seen, figures are easy to manipulate.This is why careful listeners keep an ear out for the sources of a speaker’s statistics.Tell your listeners where your statistics is from, and it is reliable.Explain your statisticsStatistics don’t speak fo r themselves, they need to be interpreted and related to your listeners.A speech made by US Secretary of State Collins Powell on the international AIDS crisis Many speakers have noted the dreadful toll that AIDS is taking….But let me try to make it more re levant.This hall holds about 2,000 people.By the time the three hours of this session elapse, 2,000 people around the world---just about the same number who are here---will be newly infected with HIV/AIDS.That‟s one for every person in this room.In some countries the infection rate is so high that one in three of us---the delegate to your right, the delegate to your left, or you, yourself---would be HIV positive.Explaining what statistics mean is particularly important when you deal with large numbers, since they are hard to visualize.Here is an example to explain the $6.5 trillion U.S.national debt.How much money is a trillion dollars? Think of it this way.If you had $1million and spent it at the rate of $1,000 a day, you would run out of money in less than three years.If you had $1 billion and spent it at the rate of $1,000 a day, you would not run out of money for almost 3,000 years.And if you had $ 1 trillion and spent it at the rate of $1,000 a day, you wouldn‟t run out of money for nearly 3 million years！Round off complicated statisticsSometimes you do not have to give the exact number;theyare too complicated to be really understood by listeners.Unless there is an important reason to give exact numbers, you should round off most statistics.For instance, Mount Kilimanjaro is 19,341, you should say , it is 19,300.The moon is 238,855 miles from earth, you should say: it is 239,000 miles from e visual aids to clarify statistical trends Visual aids can save you a lot of time, as well as make your numbers easier to understand.Summary Good speeches are not composed of hot air and unfounded assertions.They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker’s point of view.In fact, the skillful use of supportingmaterials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one.The three basic types of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.In the course of a speech you may use brief examples—specific instances referred to in passing—and sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression.Extended examples—often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes—are longer and more detailed.Hypothetical examples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience.All three kinds of examples help clarify ideas, reinforce ideas, or personalize ideas.To be most effective, though, they should be vivid and richly textured.Testimony is especially helpful for student speakers because students are seldom recognized as experts on their topics.Citing the views of people who are experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.When you include testimony in a speech, you can either quote or paraphrase his or her words.As with statistics, there are guidelines for using testimony.Bu sure to quote or paraphrase accurately and to cite qualified, unbiased sources.If the source isnot generally known to your audience, be certain to establish his or her credentials.Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message as long as you can use them sparingly and explain them so that they are meaningful to your audience.Above you should understand your statistics and use them fairly.Numbers can easily be manipulated and distorted.Make sure your figures are representative and reliable.第二篇：英语演讲选修课10informativeLesson 10 Informative Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresνInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding ν T o enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before νConvey clearly accurately interestingly Organizational methodsν Chronological order编年顺序ν Spatial order空间顺序ν Topical order主题顺序ν Causal order ν Problem-solution orderOther methods of speech organizationν Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship.method of speech organization in which the main pointsν Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to theproblem.ν(Problem-cause-solution order)Speeches about processνProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.νSpeeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.3.Speeches about eventsνEvent: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.ν chronological order----to recount the history of an event, ν causal order----to explain the causes and effects4.Speech about conceptsνConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.ν Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order.One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking λDon’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2.Relate the subject directly to the audience* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved3.Don’t be too technical* Simple, clear language is needed.4.Avoid abstractions One way to avoid abstractions is through description(a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness) Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons(A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)5.Personalize your ideas第三篇：英语演讲选修课11persuasiveLesson 11 Persuasive Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of publicspeaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresI.Persuasive speeches on questions of factν Questions of fact---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.νWe do not know enough information to know what it isWill the economy be better or worse next year?Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010? ν The facts are murky or inclusiveWhat will happen next in the Middle East?Is sexual orientation genetically determined?Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topically II.Persuasive speeches on questions of valueνQuestions of value?---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.ν What is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? νMatter of fact, value judgments νSpeeches on questions of value are mostly organized topicallyν Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准ν Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III.Persuasive speeches on questions of policy Questions of policy---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动What to do during spring vocation? Which strategy to use in selling a product? How to maintain economic growth and protectthe enviroment ? ν They are to decide whether something should or should not be anizing speeches on Questions of policyλProblem-solution order λProblem-cause-solution orderλComparative Advantage orderλD.Monroe’s motivated sequenceD.Monroe’s motivated sequence门罗促动顺序νA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.ν The five steps of the motivated sequence are:1.attention2.need3.satisfaction4.visualization（形象化）5.actionPart 2: Methods of persuasionListeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:I.credibility.II.evidence.III.reasoning.IV.emotionsI.Building credibilityν Factors of credibility:petence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B.Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2.Establishing common ground with your audience ν Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3.Deliver your speeches fluently,expressively, and with conviction ing evidenceTips for using evidence e specific e novel e evidence from credible sources 4.Make clear the point of your evidence.III.Reasoningν Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.ν Four types of reasoning:1.Reasoning from specific instances2.Reasoning from principle3.Causal reasoning4.Analogical reasoningGuidelines for reasoning from specific instancesA.Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording.If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony 2.Reasoning from principle ν---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance: νAll people are mortal.νSocrates is a person.νTherefore, Socrates is mortal.3.Causal reasoning---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.νThere is a patch of ice on the sidewalk.You slip, fall, and break your arm.You reason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.” orν“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.” ν4.Analogical reasoning（类比推理）---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for thesecond.νIf you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.ν In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than three weeks.Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV.Appealing to emotions ν Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.νGuidelines for generating emotional appealν e emotional language 2.Develop vivid example 3.Speak with sincerity and conviction第四篇：英语演讲选修课7language_delivery范文Lesson 7 Language delivery Teaching Aim and Requirement Acquire a basic knowledge of topic，purpose and central idea of a public speech。
10分钟大学英语说课稿范文8篇
10分钟大学英语说课稿范文8篇10分钟大学英语说课稿范文8篇说课稿是教师在备课时编写的一份文稿，用于向教研组、同事或评审者详细解释自己的教学设计和教学思路。
通常包含一份整体的教学设计，包括教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学过程等方面的详细说明。
现在随着小编一起往下看看10分钟大学英语说课稿范文，希望你喜欢。
10分钟大学英语说课稿范文精选篇1一、说教材(Textbook)在人教版高一英语的下册的Unit 19，曾经谈论过一些关于农业的话题，学生对中国早期的出名的农业家贾思勰有了一定的了解。
人教版高三英语的Unit 4这个单元以Green World 为话题，让学生初步了解一些植物学方面的内容，如植物的分类、栽培以及植物学的发展的历程等等;语言技能和很多的语言点几乎都是围绕介绍绿色世界这一中心话题而展开的。
要求学生能够运用所学的内容对相关话题进行流利的表述。
在READING部分，介绍了植物学正式成为一门科学的历史形成过程。
重点介绍了两个为植物学发展做出过卓越贡献的重要人物林厄尼斯与班克斯。
他们以独特的归类的方式对植物进行分类，从而征服了整个世界。
在POST-READING 部分，针对READING部分的相关内容设计了5个练习。
第1个练习以选择填空的形式考查学生对课文细节内容的了解。
第2-5小题以问句的形式进一步考查学生对课文重点内容的了解。
二、说教学目标(Teaching goals)1、让学生了解植物这一学科的形成，并了解一个学科的形成需要经过漫长的时间及几代的科学家的努力和奋斗。
2、使学生了解科学家为科学事业所作的努力及其奋斗精神。
3、培养学生查找细节，分析主题从而提高学生的阅读理解能力。
4、学习一些有用的词汇和短语。
5、加深对阅读技巧(Scanning and skimming method)的理解及运用。
1、Target language语言目标1)、Learn some important words and phrases(学习一些有用的词汇和短语)merely, classify, identification, male, promote, botanical, privilege, cosy, wealth, expense reward, appetite output, accumulate, abandon, dtinguh, appoint, calculate , astronomy, enterpre, settlement, abandon, on a large scale, look out for2)、Learn some important sentences(学习一些重要句子)A、Attempts had been made by others to classify plant species into groups, but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus、P30B、In 1768, the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of the Royal Society on an expedition to Tahiti、P31C、He also looked out for new economic species: plants that couldbe grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold、P31D、Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another on a large scale, helping to develop local economies with these new imports、P312、Ability goals 能力目标Enable students to talk about “Botany” and say something aboutthe development htory of botany、Help the students to know the contribution of the three important persons to the science ofbotany、Try to improve the reading ability of the students、www、dakao8、com/三、Teaching important and difficult points说教学重点及教学难点Help students to understand the whole passage、Help students toknow how to use some key words and understand the meaning of some difficult sentences、四、说教学方法和学法指导Teaching methods and study guide在本单元的Reading当中,文章比较长,有很多有的新单词,个别的句子非常难理解,学生在阅读当中一定会遇到一定的困难。
2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)选择性必修第三册：Poems
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像2．rhythm n．节奏；韵律；规律3．nursery adj.幼儿教育的n．托儿所；保育室4．nursery rhyme童谣；儿歌5．mockingbird n．嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫) 6．brass n．黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器7．billy goat n．公山羊8．bull n．公牛9．dewdrop n．露珠；水珠10．clover n．三叶草11．butterfly n．蝴蝶12．lawn n．草坪，草地13．cinquain n．五行诗14．haiku n．俳句15．syllable n．音节16．blossom n．花朵；花簇v i.变得更加健康(或自信、成功) 17．await v t.等候；期待；将发生在18．revolve v i.旋转；环绕；转动19．core n．核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿20．cherry n．樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色adj.樱桃色的；鲜红色的21．cherry blossom樱花22．verse n．诗；韵文；诗节23．civilian n．平民；老百姓24．prose n．散文25．dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的26．sonnet n．十四行诗27．barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗v i.& v t.(使)押韵2．folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的3．diamond n．钻石；金刚石；菱形4．bee n．蜜蜂5．dawn n．黎明；开端；萌芽6．amateur n．业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的7．mood n．情绪；心情；语气8．tease v i.& v t.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄9．format n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式v t.格式化10．delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的11．utter v t.出声；说；讲adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的12．comprehension n．理解力；领悟力；理解练习13．shelf n．(pl.shelves)架子；搁板14．blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的n．空白；空格15．version n．版本；(从不同角度的)说法16．era n．时代；年代；纪元17．sow v t.& v i.(sowed，sown/sowed)播种；种18．seed n．种子；起源；萌芽19．deadline n．最后期限；截止日期20．contest n．比赛；竞赛；竞争v t.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩21．polish v t.修改；润色；抛光n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮22．string n．细绳；线；一串v t.(strung，strung)悬挂；系adj.弦乐器的；线织的23．wherever conj.在任何地方；在所有……的情况下ad v.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里24．grief n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事25．complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的26．prejudice n．偏见；成见v t.使怀有(或形成)偏见Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．drama n．戏；剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj.戏剧(性)的；突然的→dramatically ad v.突然地；戏剧性地；引人注目地2．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事v i.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲哀的3．literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n．文学4．recite v t.背诵；吟诵；列举→recitation n．背诵；逐一叙述5．respective adj.分别的；各自的→respectively ad v.分别；各自；依次为6．sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n．同情；赞同7．innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的→innocence n．天真；单纯；无罪8．correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系→correspond v i.相一致；符合；相当于；通信9．variation n．变化；变体；变奏曲→vary v i.变化；不同→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化10．racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n．竞争；种族v i.& v t.(与……)赛跑；(与……)竞争1．monument n．纪念碑；纪念物2．moral adj.道德上的3．motivation n．动机；动力4．motto n．箴言；格言5．mountainous adj.多山的6．mouthful n．满口；一口7．multiply v t.& v i.乘；(使)增加；繁殖8．musician n．音乐家；乐师Ⅳ.背核心短语1．be made up of 由……组成(构成)2．to the point切题3．make sense有意义；讲得通4．consist of由……组成/构成5．be popular with受……的欢迎6．in particular尤其；特别7．of one’s own 属于自己的8．pay attention to注意9．keep up with跟上，赶上10．be based on以……为基础Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(why引导的定语从句)人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。
Part of Speech
Part of SpeechIn the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. This article will offer definitions and examples for the 8 major parts of speech in Englishgrammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection.1. NounThis part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary school. Examples:▪Tom Hanks is very versatile.▪The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.▪Dog s can be extremely cute.▪In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.▪It is my birthday.▪The word “birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.There are different types of nouns namely:▪Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.▪Examples: Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones▪Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places.▪Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series▪Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.▪Examples: folder, sand, board▪Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which y ou can’t perceive through your five senses.▪Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery▪Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.▪Examples: kitten, video, ball▪Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to quantify them.▪Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter▪Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter▪Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things.▪Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of lions)This great list of nouns can help you explore more nouns.2. PronounA pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.▪Sample Sentences: Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.▪The largest slice is mine.▪We are number one.The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.3. AdjectiveThis part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.Use this link to get a list of adjectives.Sample Sentences:▪The carvings are intricate.▪The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun “carvings.”▪I have two hamsters.▪The italicized word “two,” is an adjective which describes the number of the noun “hamsters.”▪Wow! That doughnut is huge!▪The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun “doughnut.”4. VerbThis is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence.Examples of “State of Being Verbs” :am, is, was, are, and wereSample Sentences:▪As usual, the Storm troopers missed their shot.▪The italicized word expresses the action of the subject “Storm troopers.”▪They are always prepared in emergencies.▪The verb “are” refers to the state of being of the pronoun “they,” which is the subject in the sentence.5. AdverbJust like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.The different types of adverbs are:▪Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.▪Example: Annie danced gracefully.▪The word “gracefully” tells how Annie danced.▪Adverb of Tim e- this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done.▪Example: She came yesterday.▪The italicized word tells when she “came.”▪Adverb of Place–this tells something about “where” something happens or ”where” something is done.▪Example: Of course, I looked everywhere!▪The adverb “everywhere” tells where I “looked.”▪Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.▪Example: The child is very talented.▪The italicized adverb answers the question, “To what degree is the child talented?”6. PrepositionThis part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.Examples of Prepositions: above, below, throughout, outside, before, near, and sinceSample Sentences:▪Micah is hiding under the bed.▪The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “under the bed,” and tells where Micah is hiding.▪During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.▪The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “during the game,” and tells when the audience cheered.7. ConjunctionThe conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and soSample Sentences:▪This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.▪Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.▪Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.8. InterjectionThis part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.Examples of Interjections:Sample Sentences:▪Ouch! That must have hurt.▪Hurray, we won!▪Hey! I said enough!The bold words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.Final ThoughtsYou must familiarize yourself with the different parts of speech discussed in this article because they are among the most fundamental concepts that you will encounter throughout your study of grammar. An in-depth knowledge of this topic will not only make you a better writer, but an effective communicator as well.The following table illustrates the proper use of verb tenses:Simple Present Simple Past Simple FutureI read nearly every day. Last night, I read an entirenovel.I will read as much as I canthis year.Present Continuous Past Continuous Future ContinuousI am reading Shakespeare at the moment. I was reading Edgar AllanPoe last night.I will be reading NathanielHawthorne soon.Present Perfect Past Perfect Future PerfectI have read so many books I can’t keep count.I had read at least 100books by the time I wastwelve.I will have read at least 500books by the end of the year.Present PerfectContinuousPast Perfect Continuous Future Perfect ContinuousI have been reading since I was four years old. I had been reading for atleast a year before my sisterlearned to read.I will have been reading for atleast two hours before dinnertonight.什么是时态？时态就是表示一个动作发生的时间和所处的状态。
高中英语 现代文背诵篇章 10 Types of Speech素材
10 Types of SpeechStandard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.。
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2013高考英语复习精品学案（文本）：英语范文背诵20篇10 Types of
Speech
10 Types of Speech Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.[NoPage]
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