高一英语单元语法

Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing

对应学生用书P75

语法图解

探究发现

①We found the ruins most interesting.

②We called her the Loulan Beauty.

③She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.

④Either you or she has to go there.

⑤Do you speak either English or French?

⑥He neither sang nor danced at the party.

⑦She lives neither in Beijing nor in Shanghai.

⑧Visiting a place like this is always very interesting.

⑨Many other American ships were sunk or badly damaged.

⑩The whole class are watching a football match.

⑪There is a pen and some pencils in my pencilcase.

[我的发现]

(1)以上各句中，句①至句③中的黑体部分都是成分。它们分别是由现在分词、名词和来充当的。

(2)either ...or ...和neither ...nor ...的作用是连接词(组)或等同的句子(成分)。在句④～⑦中它们分别连接：句④为并列，句⑤为并列，句⑥为并列，句⑦为并列。

(3)以上各句中，句⑧至句⑪都使用了一致现象。其中，句⑧和句⑪的主语分别是和；句⑨和句○10的主语分别是名词和名词。

一、宾语补足语

宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。

1．名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作宾语补足语

(1)名词作宾语补足语

常见的能接名词作宾语补足语的动词有consider, find, make, elect, name, call, think, choose等。

We made Lin Tao monitor of our class.

我们选林涛当我们班的班长。

We think it our duty to help others.

我们认为帮助别人是我们的职责。

(2)形容词和副词作宾语补足语

常见的能接形容词和副词作宾语补足语的动词有consider, get, make, keep，find等。

Liu Ming finds it important to practise speaking English every day.

刘明发现每天练习说英语很重要。

Keep the dog out!

让那条狗待在外面。

(3)介词短语作宾语补足语

常见的能接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有regard, treat, look on, consider, take, find等。

We regard labour as a matter of honour.

我们认为劳动是光荣的。

I always look on you as my best friend.

我总是把你看做我最好的朋友。

[即时演练1]完成句子

①我看见他和他父亲出去了。

I with his father.

②我们发现实验室的一切都很整齐。

We found everything in the lab .

③我的意思讲清楚了吗？

Have I ?

④我的母亲看上去那么年轻，你会以为她是我的姐姐。

My mother looks so young that you would .

2．现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语

(1)现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行或状态的持续，常见的能接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有have, keep, catch, find, leave, hear, see, watch等。

I heard them singing an English song in the classroom.

我听见他们正在教室里唱一首英文歌曲。

I saw some peasants planting trees over there.

我看见一些农民正在那边种树。

(2)过去分词作宾语补足语可表示被动和完成或动作已完成。常见的能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have, keep, find, leave, get, make, see, watch等。

He found the room cleaned.

他发现房间已被打扫过了。

(3)不定式作宾语补足语

①带to的不定式。常见的能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有warn, ask, invite, persuade, tell, order, beg, require, teach, force, encourage, allow, forbid等。

Miss White told me not to write on the wall again.

怀特小姐让我不要再往墙上写字了。

I warned Lin Tao not to swim in the river alone.

我警告林涛不要单独去河里游泳。

②不带to的不定式。常见的能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(短语)see, look at, observe, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel等和使役动词make, let, have等。

I noticed a strange man pass by the post office.

我注意到一名古怪男子从邮局经过。

Who had the little boy clean the windows?

是谁要那个小男孩擦洗窗户的？

[点津](1)若感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to。

He was made to clear the car for the boss for free.

他被迫为老板免费洗车。

(2)感官动词后接不定式作宾语补足语强调动作的全过程；接现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行。试比较：

I saw him clean the classroom.

我看见他扫教室了。

I saw him cleaning the classroom.

我看见他正在扫教室。

[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空