文献翻译-中国大气污染现状

Air pollution state of china

1 Urban air quality situation of china

In recent years, our urban air quality is stability, the trendy is improving. There are 660 cities officially designated in the monitoring of 343 cities, the air quality of secondary and tertiary levels and the urban poor around one third of each volume. Ultra-slight decline in the proportion of urban standards, particles from pollution broader, serious pollution in some cities sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide are all urban pollution. The areas affected by acid rain and pollution stability, the South acid rain polluted areas, the acid rain control zone of the city has more than 90% acid rain

113 air pollution control in key cities, the air quality of Grade 2, Grade 3 and the number of urban poor levels respectively 40, 41 and 32, respectively 35.4%, 36.3% and 28.3%. Of these, 36 cities where sulphur dioxide and particulate emissions standard urban 73. Our air quality urban environment with the following features :

First, the particles are still the primary pollutants. Particle emissions are the main pollutants affecting air quality in 343 monitored cities, 60% of particles from urban concentration limit, 64.6% of the city where major cities. Particle pollution from the northern city overall in the South-cities, particles from polluted cities mainly in the northwest, north China, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions of the particle pollution are more prominent.

The sulfur dioxide discharges the current situation:with the fast development of the economy of our country, coal consumption is increasing constantly. National coal consumption rises to 1,280 million tons in 1995 from 980 million tons in 1990, the sulfur dioxide discharges the total amount to increase sharply with growth of the volume of consumption of coal. The discharge general quantity of national sulfur dioxide reaches 23,700,000 tons by 1995. Discharge in the source in all kinds of sulfur dioxide, the power plant and emission of industry boiler account for 70%, becoming the discharge rich and influential family, all kinds of percentage of discharging the sulfur dioxide of pollution sources is formed as follows: Civil cooking utensils 12%, industrial kiln 11%, boiler 34% of industry, boiler 35% of hydropower station, other 8%.

The smoke and dust ，dust discharge the current situation:the total amount of smoke and dust that

the national fire coal was discharged was 14,780,000 tons in 1995, among them the thermal power plant and emission of industry boiler accounted for more than 70%. In discharging, local power plant the dust remover of poor efficiency because of use basically in thermal power plant, tons of coal discharge smoke and dust national 50 of power plant, emission its account for power plant total 65% of emission.

The emission of dust of national industry was about 6,390,000 tons in 1995. Among them. Steel is it arrange dust account for 15% of total amount, cement is it arrange dust account for 70% of total amount to produce to produce. Is it arrange dust to produce in cement, local cement plant arrange dust account for 80%, become to mainly discharge the source industry 12 dust.

In recent years, villages and towns national township industry pollution sources investigation result indicate fast 1996 such as mouth such as industrial development, national township industry sulfur dioxide in 1995, smoke and dust and industry dust emission account for national industrial sulfur dioxide, smoke and dust , industry dust discharge 28.2% , 54.2% and 68.3% of jade-like stone in that year respectively. The disposal of pollutants of township industry has already become the important factor of environmental pollution of our country.

Exhaust pollution current situation of motor vehicle:From behind the eighties, promoted by economic growth, the quantity of motor vehicle of our country increased rapidly. The recoverable amount annual growth of national automobile keeps in 13%, especially some large-scale and super-huge city such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu , Shanghai city motor vehicle quantity increase speed far higher than the average national level. By 1995, the recoverable amount of the national automobile has already exceeded 10,500,000, increase than 1990 4,200,000 3 nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide , hydrocarbon that automobile discharge discharge total amount rise year by year. Because city densely populated, traffic volume relatively heavy traffic have, motor vehicle exhaust pollution proportion rise constantly in urban air pollution.

2 reason for severe environmental pollution and destruction