高中英语 虚拟语气精讲 含近几年高考题
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The Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
h
1
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示 说话者的意图或态度。
在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用 不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：
①陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、 确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问 句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question.
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
May you succeed!
祝您成功！
h
3
虚拟语气的应用
A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的 应用
B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用
h
4
A. 虚拟语气在条 件状语从句中的 应用
h
19
Exercises:
1. I _sh_o_u_l_d/_w__ou_l_d_c_o_m_e (come) too if I had time to spare.
2. I Fra Baidu bibliotekidn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __ha_d__co_m__e__ (come), she would have met my brother.
②祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、邀
请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Please be
careful. 请细心点。h
2
③虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观 存在的事实，而是表示说话人的一种愿 望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非 真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的 与事实相反的愿望。
I wish you were more careful. 但愿 你更细心些。
3. If the hurricane had
happened during the daytime,
there __w__o_ul_d_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__ (be)
more deaths. h
20
4.If it _ra_i_n_e_d/__s_h_o_ul_d_r_a_i_n/___ w_e_re__t_o_r_a_in_ (rain) tomorrow,
would(should, could,might)+ have done
与将来 事实相反
1.过去式/were
2.should +do
3.were to+dh o
would (should, could, might) +do
15
注意一：
含有虚拟语气的条件状 语从句中，如果有had, should, were可以将if 省略，再将句子的主语 和谓语实行部分倒装。
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
h
18
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考 试了。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.
h
14
形式情况
与现在 事实相反
条件从句
过去式(be用 were)
主句
would(should, could,might)+do
与过去
事实相反 had+done
如果昨天你在这儿，就什么事都不会发生了。
如果我早到一点的话，我就会赶上那辆 公共汽车了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have caught the bus.
h
11
与将来事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
Did/ were should/would/
should do could/might were to do +do
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
h
9
与过去事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
should/would
had done /might/could +have +done
h
10
If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.
we _w_o_u_ld__no_t__g_o_o_u_t___(not go out). 5._W_e_r_e__(be) I in good health, I _w_o_ul_d_/_sh_o_u_ld__g_o_ (go) with you tomorrow.
h
21
注意二：
当条件状语从句表示的行 为和主句表示的行为所发 生的时间不一致时，被称 为“错综时间条件句”，动 词的形式要根据它所表示 的时间作出相应的调整。
h
16
eg: If it should be fine,we would go for an outing.
Should it be fine, we would go for an outing.
h
17
eg: If they had had time, they would have come and helped us.
h
12
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
h
13
If it should fail, I would try again.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
h
5
条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非
真实条件句。
如果假设的情况与事实相反，或根本
不可能实现，或发生的可能性很小，
就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。
两种条件句的谓语动词形式各不相同。
真实条件句用陈述语气的动词形式，
而非真实条件句用虚拟语气的动词形
式。
h
6
7
8
如果我是你，我会更加努力学习英语。
If I were you, I would study English harder.
虚拟语气
h
1
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示 说话者的意图或态度。
在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用 不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：
①陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、 确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问 句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question.
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
May you succeed!
祝您成功！
h
3
虚拟语气的应用
A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的 应用
B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用
h
4
A. 虚拟语气在条 件状语从句中的 应用
h
19
Exercises:
1. I _sh_o_u_l_d/_w__ou_l_d_c_o_m_e (come) too if I had time to spare.
2. I Fra Baidu bibliotekidn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __ha_d__co_m__e__ (come), she would have met my brother.
②祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、邀
请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Please be
careful. 请细心点。h
2
③虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观 存在的事实，而是表示说话人的一种愿 望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非 真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的 与事实相反的愿望。
I wish you were more careful. 但愿 你更细心些。
3. If the hurricane had
happened during the daytime,
there __w__o_ul_d_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__ (be)
more deaths. h
20
4.If it _ra_i_n_e_d/__s_h_o_ul_d_r_a_i_n/___ w_e_re__t_o_r_a_in_ (rain) tomorrow,
would(should, could,might)+ have done
与将来 事实相反
1.过去式/were
2.should +do
3.were to+dh o
would (should, could, might) +do
15
注意一：
含有虚拟语气的条件状 语从句中，如果有had, should, were可以将if 省略，再将句子的主语 和谓语实行部分倒装。
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
h
18
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考 试了。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.
h
14
形式情况
与现在 事实相反
条件从句
过去式(be用 were)
主句
would(should, could,might)+do
与过去
事实相反 had+done
如果昨天你在这儿，就什么事都不会发生了。
如果我早到一点的话，我就会赶上那辆 公共汽车了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have caught the bus.
h
11
与将来事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
Did/ were should/would/
should do could/might were to do +do
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
h
9
与过去事实相反
虚拟条件句
主句
should/would
had done /might/could +have +done
h
10
If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.
we _w_o_u_ld__no_t__g_o_o_u_t___(not go out). 5._W_e_r_e__(be) I in good health, I _w_o_ul_d_/_sh_o_u_ld__g_o_ (go) with you tomorrow.
h
21
注意二：
当条件状语从句表示的行 为和主句表示的行为所发 生的时间不一致时，被称 为“错综时间条件句”，动 词的形式要根据它所表示 的时间作出相应的调整。
h
16
eg: If it should be fine,we would go for an outing.
Should it be fine, we would go for an outing.
h
17
eg: If they had had time, they would have come and helped us.
h
12
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
h
13
If it should fail, I would try again.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
h
5
条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非
真实条件句。
如果假设的情况与事实相反，或根本
不可能实现，或发生的可能性很小，
就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。
两种条件句的谓语动词形式各不相同。
真实条件句用陈述语气的动词形式，
而非真实条件句用虚拟语气的动词形
式。
h
6
7
8
如果我是你，我会更加努力学习英语。
If I were you, I would study English harder.